J D Langley

..To determine the level of accuracy in coding for injury principal diagnosis and the first external cause code for public hospital discharges in New Zealand and determine how these levels vary by hospital size...

..Given the prominence of motor vehicle crashes as a cause of unnecessary morbidity, more thought needs to be given to deriving valid indicators for measuring trends in serious nonfatal injury...

..To describe the epidemiology of drowning in New Zealand for the period 1980-94...

..To estimate the extent of bystander work-related traffic fatal injury for New Zealand as well as the contribution of all bystander events to the total burden of work-related fatal traffic injury and work-related fatal injury in general...

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..To examine the use of unspecified codes for the circumstances of injury for New Zealand public hospital discharges at a district health board (DHB) level...

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..The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that the trends published in the New Zealand (NZ) Government's 2006 Suicide Trends document for hospitalised self-harm are misleading...

..3) To determine the degree to which under-reporting of serious crashes involving cyclists and motor vehicles on public roads is associated with various demographic, environmental, and injury factors...

..Further research is recommended in order to determine which are the best predictors of motorcycling opinions and behaviours: personal characteristics, the formal training associated with licensure, or exposure to motorcycling...

..Measures which aim to reduce the occurrence of falls among older people will also reduce the oral and maxillofacial trauma rate in that age group...

..In summary, relative to its predecessor, ICD-10 represents a significant improvement in many areas. Unfortunately, it still falls far short of the mark for many injury prevention needs...

..The aim of this study was to use these data to provide an epidemiological description of child injury morbidity and to discuss options for prevention...

..The aim of this study was to determine the validity of self report as a source of information on crashes and injuries...

..To compare the extent, distribution, and nature of fatal occupational injury in New Zealand, Australia, and the United States...

..Is length of stay (LoS) in hospital a stable proxy for severity of injury when monitoring time trends in serious injury incidence?..

..To provide a systematic review of the details on alcohol involvement available in the coronial files to determine if there is enough evidence to estimate the role of alcohol in drowning...

..CONCLUSIONS: ICISS appears to be a reasonable way to estimate severity for databases using ICD-10 or ICD-10-AM. It is also likely to work well for other clinical variants of ICD-10...

..Those using these police files for prioritization, resource allocation and evaluation purposes need to be aware of the extent and nature of these biases contained within these databases...

..Existing and previously proposed New Zealand national non-fatal injury indicators exhibited threats to validity. Population/..

..To describe the road safety practices of young adults in New Zealand...

..These results suggest that focusing injury prevention efforts on changing the lifestyles of young adults is unlikely to reduce overall crash risk, and would have little impact on the risk of serious injury...

..An examination of vehicle registration and driver licensure data suggests that the reduction in injury crashes may, largely, be attributable to an overall reduction in exposure to motorcycle riding...

..Injury has been described as 'the last major plague of the young'. We provide an epidemiological description of injury, as a leading cause of death in New Zealand, and identify options for prevention...

..We conclude that the helmet law has been an effective road safety intervention that has lead to a 19% (90% CI: 14, 23%) reduction in head injury to cyclists over its first 3 years...

..5/100,000) which is consistent with similar data from South Africa and the USA. The rates of fracture in Maori (68.1/100,000) were approximately twice those of Pacific Islanders (37/100,000) or other ethnic groups (34.2/100,000)...

..Policies to reduce self inflicted poisoning are of unknown efficacy, and evidence is awaited on the effectiveness of measures to reduce injury in sport...

..The associations between symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder, anxiety, or depression and no disorder in relation to driving offenses were examined in 916 adolescents...

..Researchers have previously expressed concern about some national indicators of injury incidence and have argued that indicators should be validated before their introduction...

..An analysis of risk in terms of power to weight ratio and style of motorcycle may provide a more useful insight into the benefits of motorcycle design restrictions for novice riders...

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..To determine the number and rates of work-related fatal injuries by employment status, occupation, industry, age and gender in New Zealand 1985-1994...

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..The increase in rate with age does not continue into very old age. Rates decline in successive birth cohorts. If the increasing trend in period effect continues, there will be a substantial increase in hip fracture incidence...

..To document the rate of work-related fatal injury for Maori; to establish whether a difference exists between Maori and non-Maori; and to examine possible explanations in the event that differences did occur...

..CONCLUSIONS: Drink drive and sober drive incidents differed, particularly with regard to decisions made before the event. Prevention efforts could usefully be targeted toward these decisions...

..To describe work related fatal injuries to agricultural workers in New Zealand to identify priority areas for further research and injury control measures...

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..Conversely, they represent a potential source of advocacy and practical expertise if well informed, skilled, and committed to hot tap water safety...

..The 1984 universal seat belt wearing law was associated with a sustained 15.6% reduction in fatal crashes. These road policy factors appeared to have a greater influence on crashes than the role of demographic and economic factors...

..To assess whether the use of integrated hospitalization and mortality data sources and/or the inclusion of comorbidity improve the predictive ability of the International Classification of Disease (ICD)-based Injury Severity Score (ICISS)...

..ANALYSIS: Separate regression models will be developed for each of the outcomes. Repeated measures outcomes will be modelled using general estimating equation models and generalised linear mixed models...

..Electronic (computer or Web-based) SBI (e-SBI) offers the prospects of ease and economy of access. We sought to determine whether e-SBI reduces hazardous drinking...

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..Student intoxication is commonplace in licensed premises and residential halls. These environments are amenable to interventions to reduce the incidence of intoxication...

..CONCLUSIONS: Hazardous drinking is widespread and persistent among students living in the halls of residence. There is a need for university alcohol policies and intervention approaches among New Zealand tertiary students...

..Critical to the development of the CIPPs were community capacity and the context in which the projects were operating. These conclusions are likely to apply to other projects in such settings, irrespective of the health outcomes sought...

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..These are characteristics to be borne in mind when developing programmes for young drivers that aim to deter the development of persistent risky driving behaviour...

..Suicide accounts for an increasing rate of adolescent deaths in New Zealand. The effect of national policies to address a range of suicide risk factors remains to be fully evaluated...

..In 1999, New Zealand lowered the minimum purchasing age for alcohol from 20 to 18 years. We tested the hypothesis that this increased traffic crash injuries among 15- to 19-year-olds...

..This indicates that different approaches would be required if intervention programmes were to be developed to target these behaviours...

..However, problems have been highlighted with respect to its implementation in health-care systems, not least of which is a reluctance of some doctors to discuss alcohol proactively with their patients...

..CONCLUSIONS: Caution is necessary before using individual AUDIT items as measures of consequences in population surveys, and the possibility of false positives in total scores should be borne in mind...

..There have, however, been few experimental studies of assessment effects...