Chi Chiu Mok

..To describe the clinical characteristics of Behçet's disease (BD) in a southern Chinese population and compare them with those reported in other ethnic groups...

..This article reviews the important prognostic factors that have been reported in literature. The management strategy of lupus nephritis should be individualized and based on a composite of these parameters...

..The objective of the current work is to report our preliminary experience with tacrolimus in the treatment of diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)...

..They also have a poorer prognosis in terms of infective complications and mortality rate...

..This review updates the recent evidence on the relationship between vitamin D status and the onset, activity and complications of SLE, and summarizes the recommendations for vitamin D supplementation...

..To evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of GARDASIL, a quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)...

..To study the level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and its relationship with disease activity, damage, and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)...

..To study the prevalence and risk factors of low BMD in patients with SSc...

..To study the level of anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) and its relationship to age and previous exposure to cyclophosphamide (CYC) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)...

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..To study the effect of concurrent psychiatric disorders on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)...

..To study the relationship of 25(OH)D(3) level with disease activity, vascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in SLE...

..To study the BMD of patients with SLE according to the age of disease onset...

..67; p = 0.04). We concluded that in immune-mediated glomerulonephritis, having systemic lupus increased the risk of arterial thromboembolism after adjustment for age, renal insufficiency, and other traditional risk factors...

..36 [1.67-11.4]; p = 0.003). Although venous thrombosis is uncommon in Chinese, Chinese patients with SLE are 12 times more prone to VTE than the general population...

..This article reviews the emerging therapeutic modalities that have been used or are being tried in patients with SLE...

..To summarize the therapeutic options for proliferative and membranous lupus nephritis that is resistant to conventional treatment...

..Primary prevention for cerebrovascular disease in high-risk patients may reduce NP damage...

..Judicious use of corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, hormonal replacement therapy, and the cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors is equally important...

..To study the link between metabolic syndrome (MetS), endothelial injury, and atherosclerosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)...

..To report the long-term outcome of diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis (DPLN) treated with cyclophosphamide (CYC) in Chinese patients...

..To study the effects of raloxifene on disease activity and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)...

..More effective but less toxic therapies through modification of existing regimens, combination strategies or more specific targeting at the immunopathogenetic pathways are necessary...

..To report the efficacy and toxicity of rituximab in the treatment of refractory polymyositis...

..To summarize the evidence for the use of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in non-renal manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)...

..To study the annual incidence and standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)...

..Controlled trials to compare existing immunosuppressive agents and experimental modalities such as sirolimus, rituximab and infliximab should be undertaken in the future...

..More than 50% of these patients developed work disability within the first 2 years of SLE diagnosis. Older age, fatigue and more active disease were independent predictors of work disability...

..Treatment with high-dose prednisolone and AZA is effective, inexpensive and well-tolerated. Prolonged observation shows that one of three patients develop renal flares, which are often proteinuric and responsive to reinduction therapy...

..In SLE patients, high-dose glucocorticoids lead to an early and rapid drop in bone mass, which is more serious in older patients and correlates with an increase in body fat...

..To study the annual incidence and standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of a longitudinal cohort of Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)...

..To study the bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition in men with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)...

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..This 6-month randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial shows that risedronate is well tolerated and effective in improving lumbar spine BMD and reducing loss of BMD at the hips in patients receiving high-dose prednisolone...

..To report the efficacy of prednisolone and azathioprine (AZA) in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-related protein-losing gastroenteropathy (PLGE)...

..To examine the effect of disease activity and damage on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)...

..Surgical intervention should be instituted without delay if conservative management fails or when there is clinical or radiological suspicion of visceral perforation or intra-abdominal collections...

..To evaluate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and psoriatic arthritis (PsA)...

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..The anti-C1q antibody, however, is more specific than anti-dsDNA for both active renal and extrarenal lupus. The absence of both anti-dsDNA and anti-C1q has a high NPV for renal activity...

..With the availability of novel therapeutics and an increased awareness of complication prevention in SLE, it is expected that our patients will live longer with a better quality of life in the next decade...

..To study the efficacy of raloxifene in preventing bone mineral density (BMD) loss in women receiving long-term glucocorticoids (GC). The study took the form of a parallel-group randomised double-blinded placebo-controlled trial...

..To study the effect of rosuvastatin on vascular biomarkers and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)...

..To examine the life expectancy, standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), and causes of death in 6 groups of patients from Hong Kong with different rheumatic diseases...

..To study the sensitivity and specificity of vitamin D deficiency for predicting disease activity and damage of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in comparison with anti-dsDNA and anti-C1q...

..To summarize the clinical presentation, histological features, treatment, and outcome of minimal change nephropathy (MCN) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)...

..33%-0.35%. The resulting chronic pain, disability, social stress, and isolation contribute to the development of psychiatric symptoms...

..Long-term survival of Chinese SLE patients is comparable to that reported for white patients in the 1990s. Late-onset SLE patients have the worst prognosis. Early damage predicts mortality...

..To compare the incidence and risk factors for thromboembolic events in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients of different ethnic backgrounds...

..This paper reviews promising biomarkers that have recently been evaluated in longitudinal studies of lupus nephritis...

..Active intervention should be considered. The protective role of HCQ has to be confirmed with further studies...

..This review summarizes the management strategies and novel therapeutic modalities in SLE...

..To study the predictive factors of damage accrual in a large cohort of southern Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)...

..To study the incidence, predictors, and outcome of renal flares after successful cyclophosphamide (CYC) treatment for diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (DPGN) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)...

..After multivariate adjustment, only hypoalbuminemia remained significant...

..The aim of this study was to report the outcome of pure membranous lupus nephropathy treated with prednisone and azathioprine (AZA)...

..Late onset SLE patients had accrued more renal damage but age did not correlate with renal damage after adjustment for various clinical parameters...

..It is negatively associated with urine protein excretion although it is unrelated to the type of renal pathology per se. Plasma AM may play a role to suppress the activity of lupus nephritis...

..27 (1.1-1.5), p = 0.005] and cluster 1 [standardized mortality ratio 0.95 (0.5-1.7), p = 0.86]. In conclusion, patients with systemic lupus erythematosus could be clustered into prognostically distinct patterns of clinical manifestations...

..Additional randomized trials involving a larger cohort of patients with a longer period of observation are necessary...

..The prognosis of lupus serositis is generally good. Relapse or progression to fibrotic disease is uncommon...

..The potential of other new therapeutic agents is discussed together with the need for patient recruitment in future trials of lupus nephritis to address the importance of ethnicity as well as histological grading...

..To study the clinical characteristics, treatment outcome, and complications of patients with adult onset Still's disease (AOSD) in our local Chinese population...

..The mechanisms of action of MMF are briefly reviewed...

..Prompt recognition and early aggressive immunosuppressive therapy may improve the outlook of this condition...

..Skin biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of EED. Treatment with dapsone resulted in complete resolution of the skin lesions. EED is rarely reported in SLE, and its presentation and treatment is reviewed...

..To describe a case of mucormycosis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to review other patients reported in the English literature...

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..However, the lack of long-term efficacy data and comparative studies with standard CYC regimens is the major deterrent for the first-line use of MMF in high-risk patients at this juncture...

..Seizure and cerebrovascular disorders were the most common NP features. The presence of antiphospholipid antibodies was significantly associated with NP manifestations, especially cerebrovascular disorders...

..More grants and funding are being sought for basic and clinical researches in SLE and subsidising patients to receive newer and less toxic treatment options...

..26 x 10(-3)), but not vice versa (P=0.55). These findings suggest that multiple independent genetic variants may be present within the gene locus, which exert their effects on SLE pathogenesis through different mechanisms...

..Prospective randomized studies with well-defined treatment protocols are needed to delineate the optimal treatment strategy for LN...

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..36, OR=1.06, 95% confidence interval: 0.93-1.21). Our study indicates that some of the susceptibility genes for this disease may be population specific...

..Finally, certain environmental factors are probably required to trigger the disease...

..One patient was confirmed to have coronavirus pneumonia while the other had active SLE with lung involvement. Our cases illustrate the difficult diagnostic dilemma in the evaluation of febrile SLE patients during the SARS epidemic...

..To review the current literature on the safety of using exogenous estrogens in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)...

..An underlying malignancy should always be looked for in elderly patients who present with explosive polyarthritis for the first time, particular if unexplained anaemia or constitutional symptoms persist after treatment...

..The relationship between pregnancy, scleroderma activity and renal crisis is discussed...

..To study the profile of sex hormones in male patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)...

..To study the outcome and prognostic indicators of diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (DPGN) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treated with sequential oral cyclophosphamide (CYC) and azathioprine (AZA)...