P R McCrory

..These episodes, although dramatic, are relatively straightforward to manage and all team physicians and those involved in athlete care need to be aware of this condition...

..As mentioned above, many different pathologies may coexist in the lower limb and may be a source of confusion for the clinician or alternatively may be the reason for poor treatment outcomes...

..This paper discusses such issues...

..This chapter reviews the current evidence for the epidemiology of pediatric equestrian injuries...

..Fresh approaches to these questions are needed and modern research tools, including functional imaging and experimental studies of ion-channel function, could help elucidate this puzzle that has evolved over the past 3,000 years...

..To determine the frequency and nature of fatal brain injuries occurring in Australian football...

..Stroke in sport, although uncommon, is predominantly due to arterial dissection in either the vertebral or carotid arteries. Physicians involved in athlete care need to be aware of this diagnosis...

..Team physicians also need to be cognisant that many of the standard preparations used to treat headaches may be banned drugs under International Olympic Committee (IOC) rules...

..To describe the motor and convulsive manifestations in acute sports-related head injury...

..The purpose of this pilot study was to document the nature and temporal profile of the clinical symptoms of acute sport-related concussion...

..quot; We propose that clinicians abandon the misleading term second impact syndrome and refer to the syndrome as diffuse cerebral swelling...

..Such understanding of this condition remains incomplete at this stage...

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..This paper reviews the published evidence in this regard. To date no effective pharmacological therapy exists that satisfies Class I evidence-based medicine criteria...

..The 3G approach (groin, gluteal, and greater trochanter triangles) acknowledges this, permitting the clinician to move throughout the region, considering pathologies appropriately...

..The 3G approach (groin, gluteal and greater trochanter triangles) acknowledges this, permitting the clinician to move throughout the region, considering pathologies appropriately...

..The case is reported of a retired professional jockey with progressive memory loss. The concern is that he may be suffering from chronic traumatic encephalopathy or the "punch drunk syndrome"...

..This study compared post-concussion cognitive function in recently concussed athletes who were symptomatic/asymptomatic at the time of assessment with that of non-injured (control) athletes...

..This has implications for consistency of an athlete's performance after injury, as well as for tests used in clinical assessment and follow up of head injuries...

..The move away from a pre-clinical science grounding, to an integrated 'problem-based learning (PBL) approach' has been widespread in many countries across the world...

..This study shows that there is no relation between the number of previous self reported episodes of concussion and current cognitive state, directly contradicting the findings of previous research...

..Injury prevention efforts should be particularly targeted at midfielders and older players...

..A case example is used to illustrate the effect that the statistical approach may have on clinical decision making...

..To study the efficacy and practicality of treating headache in professional footballers with intranasal sumatriptan...

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..Finally, suggested recommendations for neuropsychological testing in football are given...

..It has been previously shown that professional jockeys suffer high rates of fatal and non-fatal injuries in the pursuit of their occupation. Little is known, however, about differences in injury rates between countries...

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..Urine samples collected at various time points within 24 h after ingestion of a 250 ml infusion of Mate de Coca tea were analysed using three different methods. All samples tested positive for benzoylecognine...

..It resulted in a revision and update of the Vienna consensus recommendations, which are presented here...

..To survey the prevalence and risk factors for headache in a population of elite professional Australian footballers...

..This paper specifically examines career-ending injuries to professional jockeys in Great Britain...

..Repeat surveys on a larger sample should be conducted to further understand the attitudes towards protective headgear and perceptions of risk in community-level Australian football players...

..Further research into injury patterns in different styles of kickboxing and the mechanism of injury occurrence is required. Exposure adjusted prospective studies are needed to monitor injury rates over time...

..Further research should be directed towards establishing the reasons why players seem to believe that headgear plays a role in injury prevention yet few wear it...

..A suggested boxing injury report form is provided to facilitate this...

..Facial lacerations were most common (0.97/1000 player hours), followed by concussion (0.49/1000 player hours). Nine of the cases were referred to hospital for further treatment...

..Clinical assessment of cerebral concussion relies on the presence and duration of post concussive symptoms (PCS). Given that these PCS are subjective reports and not always specific to concussion, their usefulness remains to be validated...

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..In addition, there are important medicolegal considerations in regard to the value of a documented assessment both at the start and end of an athlete's career with any team...

..Variations in definitions and methodologies have created differences in the results and conclusions obtained from studies of football (soccer) injuries; this has made interstudy comparisons difficult...

..To determine the correlation between CogSport and two conventional neuropsychological tests...

..The hip joint is becoming increasingly recognized as a source of groin pain and, in the authors' experience, buttock and low back pain...

..This should lead to the incidence of CTE diminishing in boxing populations...

..This paper explores the known gender differences between head injuries and highlights the areas that need to be considered in future research...

..Adoption of the proposals presented in this consensus statement should ensure that more consistent and comparable results will be obtained from studies of injuries within rugby union...

..This indicates the need for an increased focus on player education...

..As the literature indicates, however, some things will not change, e.g. injuries are more likely to occur in beginners and lessons need to be reinforced as a fundamental aspect of any injury-prevention strategy...