Elizabeth L Corbett

..HIV counselling and testing is a key component of both HIV care and HIV prevention, but uptake is currently low. We investigated the impact of rapid HIV testing at the workplace on uptake of voluntary counselling and testing (VCT)...

..We investigated the epidemiology of prevalent and incident TB in a high HIV prevalence population provided with enhanced primary health care...

..Here, we review tuberculosis epidemiology in Africa and policy implications of HIV/AIDS treatment scale-up...

..Counselling may promote beneficial behavioural change, although knowledge of negative status does not appear to contribute further benefit...

..The difference in mean duration of smear positivity was particularly marked and, if generalizable, will have major implications for TB control prospects in high HIV prevalence areas...

..We compared institutional rates and community rates of tuberculin skin test (TST) conversion in Harare, Zimbabwe...

..94, for 1995-1997, 0.96, for 1998-1999, and 1.05, for 1999-2000. Preventing a secondary epidemic of TB among HIV-negative individuals may be achievable with conventional means, even in settings with a high burden of HIV-associated TB...

..A broad range of infectious conditions is significantly associated with HIV infection in South African miners. Identification and implementation of effective prophylactic regimens are urgently needed...

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..The trial is registered with the Current Controlled Trials: Registration number ISRCTN63327174...

..We investigated attitudes toward provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling (PITC) in the suburbs of Harare, Zimbabwe, where late presentation after mother-to-child HIV transmission (MTCT) is a major cause of adolescent mortality...

..We tested two active case-finding strategies to target long periods of infectiousness before diagnosis, which is typical of HIV-negative tuberculosis and is a key driver of transmission...

..To present an algorithm for primary-care health workers for identifying HIV-infected adolescents in populations at high risk through mother-to-child transmission...

..We therefore investigated the epidemiology of HIV infection at the primary care level...

..An AIDS epidemic among older children and adolescents is clinically apparent in Southern Africa. We estimated the likely scale and time course of the epidemic in older survivors of vertical HIV infection...

..The prevention of HIV and TB, the extension of WHO DOTS programs, and a focused effort to control HIV-related TB in areas of high HIV prevalence are matters of great urgency...

..However, the overall impact on adolescent health in settings with high HIV seroprevalence has not previously been investigated...

..Chronic respiratory symptoms are more common than would be anticipated based on the HIV literature...

..In addition to enhancing access to HIV-1 prevention and care, public health surveillance and control programmes should be greatly intensified to cope with the new realities of infectious disease control in Africa...

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..To investigate the factors influencing the performance and cost-efficacy of periodic rounds of active case finding (ACF) for TB...

..A predominant effect on disease severity, rather than on disease frequency, appears to be a general feature of promoter polymorphism in diseases in which TNF-alpha has a critical role...

..We assessed the contributions of rising mortality, falling HIV incidence and sexual behaviour change to the decline in HIV prevalence...

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..0065%-1.4%) and no "true" seroconversions (upper 95% confidence limit, 0.96%) were detected. High-risk behavior was not significantly reduced. Policies recommending routine retesting need to be reconsidered...

..We investigated social and clinical features in patients of this age group presenting to a HIV treatment clinic with special adolescent services in Harare, Zimbabwe...

..To investigate risk factors for severe acute pneumonia in South African gold miners...

..However, given the disproportionate amount of TB/HIV in less-developed nations and the increasing availability of antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings, the issues presented will become increasingly relevant globally...

..To determine the efficacy of secondary preventive therapy against tuberculosis (TB) among gold miners working in South Africa...

..In South Africa, expanding TB culture and DST could substantially reduce TB, and particularly MDR-TB, mortality. Control of XDR-TB will require additional interventions, the impact of which may be enhanced by improved TB diagnosis...

..The prevalence of HIV infection was high across a range of diagnoses, suggesting that an HIV test should be recommended in the initial investigation of chronic cough...