Antiviral therapy for hepatitis B virus infections: new targets and technical challengesJordan Feld
Research and Molecular Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, 10 Wreckyn Street, 3051 North Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
J Clin Virol 25:267-83. 2002
....
- Mechanisms of drug resistance and novel approaches to therapy for chronic hepatitis C
Stephen A Locarnini
Research and Molecular Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
J Gastroenterol Hepatol 17:S351-9. 2002
....
- Emerging therapies of hepatitis B and C
Robert Y m Chen
Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory and St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
J Gastroenterol Hepatol 17:S471-81. 2002
- Lamivudine and Famciclovir resistant hepatitis B virus associated with fatal hepatic failure
Anna Ayres
Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, 10 Wreckyn Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3051, Australia
J Clin Virol 27:111-6. 2003
..CONCLUSIONS: Monitoring for the accumulation of unique mutations within the genome of drug resistant HBV mutants isolated during long term antiviral therapy appears warranted in the clinical management of patients with CHB...
- Clinical relevance of viral dynamics and genotypes in hepatitis B virus
Stephen A Locarnini
Research and Molecular Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
J Gastroenterol Hepatol 17:S322-8. 2002
..The HBV can be classified into seven major genotypes (A-G) that have mainly a geographic distribution. Recent genotypic studies have revealed the clinical and therapeutic relevance of viral genotyping in HBV infections...
- Management of antiviral resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Stephen Locarnini
Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Antivir Ther 9:679-93. 2004
..Potential strategies to prevent the emergence of resistance and how to manage drug-resistant HBV once it emerges are discussed...
- Cellular response to conditional expression of the hepatitis B virus precore and core proteins in cultured hepatoma (Huh-7) cells
S Locarnini
Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, 10 Wreckyn Street, North Melbourne, Vic 3051, Australia
J Clin Virol 32:113-21. 2005
..The expression of the hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg) is one of several strategies used by hepatitis B virus (HBV) to ensure persistence. The HBeAg may function as a toleragen in utero and has been shown to regulate the host's immune response...
- Hepatitis B viral resistance: mechanisms and diagnosis
Stephen Locarnini
Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, 10 Wreckyn Street, North Melbourne, Vic. 3051, Australia
J Hepatol 39:S124-32. 2003
- Cellular and virological mechanisms of HBV drug resistance
Stephen Locarnini
Research and Molecular Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, Vic. 3051, Australia
J Hepatol 44:422-31. 2006
- The hepatitis B virus and common mutants
Stephen Locarnini
Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, Australia
Semin Liver Dis 23:5-20. 2003
..Such research should help improve the basic understanding of this unique virus-host relationship and provide new strategies for complete control of HBV infections...
- Molecular virology of hepatitis B virus
Stephen Locarnini
Resaerch and Molecualr Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Semin Liver Dis 24:3-10. 2004
..Further studies are clearly needed to identify the pathogenic basis and clinical sequelae arising from the selection of these mutants...
- Advances in hepatitis C: what is coming in the next 5 years?
Stephen A Locarnini
Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory VIDRL, Melbourne, LB 815, Carlton South, Victoria 3053, Australia
J Gastroenterol Hepatol 17:442-7. 2002
..Current developments in antiviral agents are reviewed in the context of these potential new viral targets for the future treatment of HCV in chronically infected individuals...
- Effects of interferon alpha therapy on the catalytic domains of the polymerase gene and basal core promoter, precore and core regions of hepatitis B virus
Robert Yung Ming Chen
Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
J Gastroenterol Hepatol 18:630-7. 2003
..However, no mutations were found that have been linked to lamivudine escape, indicating that lamivudine therapy would be effective in IFN-alpha non-responder patients...
Viral dynamics of hepatitis B virus DNA in human immunodeficiency virus-1-hepatitis B virus coinfected individuals: similar effectiveness of lamivudine, tenofovir, or combination therapySharon R Lewin
Infectious Diseases Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
Hepatology 49:1113-21. 2009
..HIV-1 coinfection has minimal effect on HBV viral dynamics, even in the setting of advanced HIV-1-related immunosuppression...
- Identification of a novel hepatitis B virus precore/core deletion mutant in HIV/hepatitis B virus co-infected individuals
Peter A Revill
Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, 10 Wreckyn Street, North Melbourne, Victoria 3051, Australia
AIDS 21:1701-10. 2007
..To test this hypothesis, we have analysed genome-length sequences of HBV DNA from patients both prior to and during antiviral therapy...
- HBV mutations in untreated HIV-HBV co-infection using genomic length sequencing
Jennifer Audsley
Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Virology 405:539-47. 2010
..Further work is needed to determine if these mutational patterns influence the differences in liver disease progression in HIV-HBV co-infected and HBV mono-infected patients...
Hepatitis B surface antigen levels during the natural history of chronic hepatitis B: a perspective on AsiaTin Nguyen
Department of Research and Molecular Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, Vic, Australia
J Hepatol 52:508-13. 2010
..We aimed to define the serum HBsAg titres during the different phases of CHB in a cohort of Asian patients infected with either genotype B or C HBV...
- Increased intrahepatic apoptosis but reduced immune activation in HIV-HBV co-infected patients with advanced immunosuppression
David M Iser
Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
AIDS 25:197-205. 2011
....
- Effect of the G1896A precore mutation on drug sensitivity and replication yield of lamivudine-resistant HBV in vitro
Robert Y m Chen
Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Hepatology 37:27-35. 2003
..In conclusion, the PC stop codon mutation appears to increase the replication efficacy of lamivudine-resistant virus but does not affect in vitro drug sensitivity...
- In vitro replication phenotype of a novel (-1G) hepatitis B virus variant associated with HIV co-infection
Liza M Cabuang
Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
J Med Virol 84:1166-76. 2012
..Together, these effects may be contributing to the increased pathology observed in the setting of HIV/HBV co-infection...
- Coinfection of hepatic cell lines with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus leads to an increase in intracellular hepatitis B surface antigen
David M Iser
Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
J Virol 84:5860-7. 2010
....
- Serum hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B e antigen titers: disease phase influences correlation with viral load and intrahepatic hepatitis B virus markers
Alexander J V Thompson
Department of Research and Molecular Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Hepatology 51:1933-44. 2010
..These findings provide new insights into viral pathogenesis and have practical implications for the use of quantitative serology as a clinical biomarker...
- Restoration of replication phenotype of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus mutants by compensatory changes in the "fingers" subdomain of the viral polymerase selected as a consequence of mutations in the overlapping S gene
Joseph Torresi
Department of Medicine RMH WH, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3050, Australia
Virology 299:88-99. 2002
..Since these viruses carry mutations in the a determinant of HBsAg that may potentially decrease the ability of anti-HBs antibody to neutralize these viruses, these HBV mutants also have the potential to behave as vaccine escape mutants...
- Molecular genesis of drug-resistant and vaccine-escape HBV mutants
Stephen A Locarnini
Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, Australia
Antivir Ther 15:451-61. 2010
..Thus, prevention of resistance requires the adoption of strategies that not only effectively control HBV replication, but also prevent the emergence of ADAPVEMs...
- Global control of hepatitis B virus: does treatment-induced antigenic change affect immunization?
C John Clements
Melbourne University, Vic, Australia
Bull World Health Organ 88:66-73. 2010
..This paper examines the mechanism of antiviral drug-selected changes in the portion of the viral genome that also affects the surface antigen, and explores their potential impact on current hepatitis B immunization programmes...
- Lamivudine resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B: role of clinical and virological factors
Alexander J V Thompson
St Vincent s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
J Gastroenterol Hepatol 22:1078-85. 2007
..The present study was designed to identify factors predictive of lamivudine resistance, with a particular focus on the role of precore and basal core promoter variants in the setting of hepatitis B e antigen-negative disease...
- Antiviral drug resistance: clinical consequences and molecular aspects
Angeline Bartholomeusz
Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Semin Liver Dis 26:162-70. 2006
....
- Drug resistance in antiviral therapy
Stephen Locarnini
Department of R and MD, North Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Clin Liver Dis 14:439-59. 2010
....
- Defective hepatitis B virus DNA is not associated with disease status but is reduced by polymerase mutations associated with drug resistance
Scott Preiss
Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratories, Research and Molecular Development, North Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Hepatology 48:741-9. 2008
....
- SeqHepB: a sequence analysis program and relational database system for chronic hepatitis B
Lilly K W Yuen
Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, 10 Wreckyn Street, North Melbourne, 3051 Vic, Australia
Antiviral Res 75:64-74. 2007
....
- Prevalence and characterization of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus mutations in HIV-HBV co-infected individuals
Louise Cooley
Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
AIDS 17:1649-57. 2003
..These patients exhibited significantly elevated HBV viral loads and serum ALT, and three were infected with a lamivudine-resistant HBV strain that was potentially transmissible to HBV-vaccinated individuals...
- Molecular virology and the development of resistant mutants: implications for therapy
Stephen Locarnini
Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, Australia
Semin Liver Dis 25:9-19. 2005
..Thus, prevention of resistance requires the adoption of strategies that effectively control virus replication...
- The L80I substitution in the reverse transcriptase domain of the hepatitis B virus polymerase is associated with lamivudine resistance and enhanced viral replication in vitro
Nadia Warner
Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51:2285-92. 2007
....
- Resistance to anti-HCV protease inhibitors
Alexander J Thompson
St Vincent s Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
Curr Opin Virol 1:599-606. 2011
..This brief review summarizes the current literature concerning resistance to the HCV NS3 protease inhibitors, both experimental and clinical, and identifies the key questions facing the field...
- The antiviral drug selected hepatitis B virus rtA181T/sW172* mutant has a dominant negative secretion defect and alters the typical profile of viral rebound
Nadia Warner
Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Hepatology 48:88-98. 2008
....
- Lamivudine resistant occult HBV: implications for public health?
Scott Bowden
Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, 10 Wreckyn Street, North Melbourne, Vic 3051, Australia
J Hepatol 38:526-8. 2003
- HBV drug resistance: mechanisms, detection and interpretation
Tim Shaw
Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Locked Bag 815, Carlton South, Vic. 3053, Australia
J Hepatol 44:593-606. 2006
- Comparison of sequence analysis and a novel discriminatory real-time PCR assay for detection and quantification of Lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus strains
Fiona Wightman
Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
J Clin Microbiol 42:3809-12. 2004
..Excellent concordance was demonstrated between sequencing and the discriminatory real-time assay; however, a mixture of quasispecies was more frequently detected by discriminatory real-time PCR...
- Major causes of antiviral drug resistance and implications for treatment of hepatitis B virus monoinfection and coinfection with HIV
Stephen Locarnini
Research and Molecular Development, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Antivir Ther 12:H15-23. 2007
..Thus, prevention of resistance requires the adoption of strategies that effectively control virus replication, including the use of combination chemotherapy...
- Entecavir for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B
Tim Shaw
Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, 10 Wreckyn Street, North Melbourne, Victoria, 3051 Australia
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2:853-71. 2004
..It is the most potent antihepatitis B virus agent discovered to date...
- Hepatitis B virus: pathogenesis, viral intermediates, and viral replication
Jia-Yee Lee
Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, 10 Wreckyn Street, North Melbourne, Victoria 3051, Australia
Clin Liver Dis 8:301-20. 2004
..1)...
- Evolving therapies for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection
William Delaney
Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Carlton South, VIC 3053, Australia
Expert Opin Investig Drugs 11:169-87. 2002
....
- Regulation of Toll-like receptor-2 expression in chronic hepatitis B by the precore protein
Kumar Visvanathan
Murdoch Children s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
Hepatology 45:102-10. 2007
..CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates a potentially important interaction between HBeAg, HBV, and the innate immune response...
- Phenylpropenamide derivatives AT-61 and AT-130 inhibit replication of wild-type and lamivudine-resistant strains of hepatitis B virus in vitro
William E Delaney
Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, Victoria 3051, Australia
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46:3057-60. 2002
..40 +/- 0.92 micro M, respectively, compared to 0.064 +/- 0.020 micro M lamivudine. There were no significant differences in sensitivity between wild-type and nucleoside analogue-resistant (rtL180M, rtM204I, and rtL180M + rtM204V) HBV...
- Increasing hepatitis B viral load is associated with risk of significant liver fibrosis in HBeAg-negative but not HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B
Catherine M N Croagh
Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent s Hospital, Fitzroy, Vic, Australia
Liver Int 30:1115-22. 2010
..To evaluate the association between demographical features, serum ALT and HBV DNA and the prevalence of significant fibrosis and inflammation on liver biopsy in patients with chronic hepatitis B...
- Viral adaptation to host immune responses occurs in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and adaptation is greatest in HBV e antigen-negative disease
Christopher P Desmond
Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred, Melbourne, Australia
J Virol 86:1181-92. 2012
..003). Thus, HBV appears to be under immune pressure in chronic HBV infection, particularly in HBeAg-negative disease...
- Quantification of HBV covalently closed circular DNA from liver tissue by real-time PCR
Scott Bowden
Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, Australia
Methods Mol Med 95:41-50. 2004
- A parsimonious method for screening drug combinations for antihepadnaviral activity using a parametric dose-response surface approach
Tim Shaw
Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, Australia
Methods Mol Med 96:387-413. 2004
- Hepatic iron overload does not prevent a sustained virological response to interferon-alpha therapy: a long term follow-up study in hepatitis C-infected patients with beta thalassemia major
William Sievert
Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Australia
Am J Gastroenterol 97:982-7. 2002
..HIC may be a factor in liver cell injury, but it does not reliably predict a response to interferon therapy...
- No increase in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific CD8+ T cells in patients with HIV-1-HBV coinfections following HBV-active highly active antiretroviral therapy
Megan Crane
Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
J Virol 84:2657-65. 2010
..These findings may have implications for the duration of treatment of HBV in HIV-HBV coinfected patients, particularly in HBeAg-positive disease...
- Stimulation of the interleukin-1 receptor and Toll-like receptor 2 inhibits hepatitis B virus replication in hepatoma cell lines in vitro
Alex J Thompson
Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Antivir Ther 14:797-808. 2009
..We investigated the role of TLR2 stimulation of virus-infected hepatocyte cell lines as a potential antiviral mechanism in vitro...
- HBV genotyping and analysis for unique mutations
Anna Ayres
Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, Australia
Methods Mol Med 95:125-49. 2004
- Impaired quality of the hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific T-cell response in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-HBV coinfection
J Judy Chang
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
J Virol 83:7649-58. 2009
..The quality of the HBV-specific T-cell response is impaired in the setting of HIV-1-HBV coinfection and is related to the CD4+ T-cell count...
- Bioinformatic analysis of the hepadnavirus e-antigen and its precursor identifies remarkable sequence conservation in all orthohepadnaviruses
Peter Revill
Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, Australia
J Med Virol 82:104-15. 2010
..Whilst much of this sequence conservation was within key immunomodulatory epitopes, highest conservation was observed at the unique HBeAg N-terminus, suggesting this sequence in particular may play an important role in HBeAg function...
- The phenotype of hepatitis B virus-specific T cells differ in the liver and blood in chronic hepatitis B virus infection
J Judy Chang
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Australia
Hepatology 46:1332-40. 2007
....
- Reduced antigenicity of the hepatitis B virus HBsAg protein arising as a consequence of sequence changes in the overlapping polymerase gene that are selected by lamivudine therapy
Joseph Torresi
Department of Medicine RMH, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
Virology 293:305-13. 2002
..These findings raise the possibility of lamivudine-resistant mutants arising that possess antigenically distinct HBsAg proteins...
- Chronic hepatitis B: current testing strategies
Robert G Gish
Division of Hepatology and Complex GI, Physician Foundation, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 4:666-76. 2006
..Suggested frequencies for HBV DNA monitoring are presented...
- Hepatic failure due to fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis in a patient with pre-surface mutant hepatitis B virus and mixed connective tissue disease treated with prednisolone and chloroquine
Simon A Zanati
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Prahran, Vic. 3181, Australia
J Clin Virol 31:53-7. 2004
..As in the transplantation setting, viral DNA levels should be kept to undetectable if viral replication or recurrence is to be prevented...
- In vitro study of the effects of precore and lamivudine-resistant mutations on hepatitis B virus replication
Richard A Heipertz
Milton S Hershey Medical Center, The Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, P O Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
J Virol 81:3068-76. 2007
..We concluded that the rtM204I mutation generates a polymerase that is not only resistant to lamivudine but also replicates nucleic acids to lower levels in vitro...
