Albert F G Leentjens

..Some studies have suggested a relationship between anxiety and motor fluctuations in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD)...

..This strategy has the additional advantage of enabling the clinician to treat depressive symptoms independently of motor symptoms, thus avoiding potential complications of dopaminergic therapy...

..The aim of this study is to assess the clinimetric properties of the Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HARS), the Beck anxiety inventory (BAI), and the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) in PD patients...

..If these studies show that the clinimetric properties of existing scales are inadequate, development of a new scale to assess anxiety in PD should be considered...

..The acute effects of a methylphenidate challenge on anhedonia and vigor in PD patients make this drug an interesting choice for further studies of the treatment of mood and motivational disorders in this population...

..A first focus for research should therefore be the identification of clinically useful anxiety presentations and their validation in PD...

..Research into apathy has been hampered by a lack of broadly accepted diagnostic criteria. Recently, diagnostic criteria for apathy in neuropsychiatric disorders have been proposed, which to date have not been validated in PD...

..Delirium in children is a serious but understudied neuropsychiatric disorder. So there is little to guide the clinician in terms of identifying those at risk...

..Further studies addressing the pathogenesis of apathy are needed...

..To assess the influence of somatic symptoms of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) on the clinimetric performance of these scales in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD)...

..Multiple neurotransmitter systems, including the serotonergic system, are involved in the pathophysiology of this disease. The exact role of the serotonergic system in PD is still unclear...

..Adherence to advice given by the consultation-liaison (CL) psychiatrist is a prerequisite for the effectiveness and success of psychiatric consultation. It is unknown which factors are associated with better adherence to advice...

..The phenomenology of delirium in childhood is understudied...

..The aim of the current study was to examine the association between apathy and neuropsychological functioning in patients with MCI and AD...

..In 2008, the Netherlands Psychiatric Association authorized a guideline "consultation psychiatry."..

..Mood and motivational symptoms have been reported in up to 35% and 51%, respectively, of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Preliminary evidence indicates that pramipexole may have a positive effect on these symptoms...

..To evaluate the efficacy of pharmacological treatment of apathy in patients with neurodegenerative diseases...

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..quot; Information on the validity of apathy and anhedonia scales is limited because of the lack of consensus on diagnostic criteria for these conditions...

..The aim of this study was to assess whether general risk factors for major depressive disorder (MDD) in the community are also risk factors for PSD, and to identify additional, stroke-related risk factors...

..To study the phenomenology, clinical correlates, and response to treatment of delirium in critically ill children in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU)...

..This systematic review suggests that the average prevalence of major depressive disorder in PD is substantial, but lower than generally assumed...

..Moreover, the partially shared pathophysiology may make it difficult to treat depressive symptoms without influencing motor or cognitive function...

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..We could find no evidence of a specific serotonergic vulnerability of PD patients for depression. Therefore, our results do not support the serotonergic hypothesis for depression in PD...

..4 (95% CI: 2.1-2.7). We concluded that the higher incidence of depression in patients who were later diagnosed with PD supports the hypothesis of there being a biological risk factor for depression in these patients...

..The aim of this study was to investigate the existence and content of delirium guidelines of the national psychiatric associations in Europe...

..Some somatic symptoms are highly sensitive for depression and should not be neglected by following an 'exclusive' or 'attributional' approach to the diagnosis of PSD...