S I Kreydiyyeh

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..The observed increase in net water and Cl- absorption was attributed in this case to an increase in absorptive processes with no effect on secretion...

..It was concluded that TNF-alpha induces in hepatocytes, PGE2 production which in turn reduces the activity and protein expression of the Na(+)-K(+) ATPase by activating EP2 receptors...

..This activates NF-kappaB, thus leading to increased COX-2 expression and PGE(2) release. PGE(2) in turn inhibits NF-kappaB and reduces the protein expression of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase...

..The colonic Na+-K+ ATPase was however, resistant to the oil...

..The results suggest that the diuretic and natriuretic effect of IL-1beta and its inhibitory effect on glucose absorption are all due to downregulation of the Na(+)/K(+) pump in the kidney and jejunum...

..The ultimate effect of the two processes is a net decrease in Na(+)+ and Cl(-) absorption and an increase in water retention in the colon leading to the observed diarrhea in inflammatory bowel disease...

..The mechanism of action of parsley seems to be mediated through an inhibition of the Na+-K+ pump that would lead to a reduction in Na+ and K+ reabsorption leading thus to an osmotic water flow into the lumen, and diuresis...

..These results suggest that epinephrine stimulates the Na+-K+ ATPase in jejunal crypt cells by activating alpha2 receptors and decreasing intracellular calcium, and not by altering cAMP levels...

..It was concluded that the active principle(s) in clove and cinnamon can permeate the membrane of the enterocytes and inhibit the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase that provides the driving force for many transport processes...

..The effect of IL-1beta on the hexose transport across the brush border membrane may thus be attributed to its inhibitory effect on the Na+-K+ ATPase...

..It was concluded that the effect of TNF-alpha on the pump is mediated via PGE2 which is released at relatively high doses. The effect of the cytokine on the cotransporter is, however, independent of PGE2...

..The results suggest that parsley acts by, inhibiting sodium and consequently water absorption through an inhibition of the Na+-K+ pump, and by stimulating the NaKCl, transporter and increasing electrolyte and water secretion...

..In addition, the results suggest a probable role of systemic insulin binding at the vascular site of the jejunal epithelium, and the role that this hormone may be playing in the regulation and probably cellular trafficking of PepT1...

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..Considering the inhibitory effect of the hormone on the Na(+)/K(+) ATPase, it was concluded that insulin acts by increasing the number of glucose transporters, a hypothesis that was confirmed by Western blot analysis...

..Epinephrine reduced, by about 30%, the mucosal transport of phenylalanine by activating alpha 1, alpha 2, and beta adrenergic receptors. The effect of the latter was not apparent however, until the alpha 2 receptors were blocked...

..The inhibitory effect on absorption is more significant than the inhibitory effect on secretion resulting in a decrease in net electrolyte uptake and consequently in more water retention in the lumen...

..It was concluded that TNF-alpha activates NF-kappaB and AP-1 and induces PGE(2) release which alters dose-dependently the activity of the pump by activating different EP receptors with different affinities for PGE(2)...

..Changes in the activity of the pump are secondary to changes in the activity of the other transporters...

..It was concluded that both microfilament and microtubular networks are involved in the basal and PGE2-elicited increase in colonic ion absorption...

..Their activity was however modulated at 1 h by c-JNK, which stimulated the caspases and inhibited NF-kappaB, resulting in a net inhibition of the ATPase, and probably favoring the apoptotic pathway...

..These results indicate that IL-1beta reduces the expression of ATPase independently of NFkB but, through a major pathway involving p38 and COX-2/PGE2, and another pathway involving JNK/AP1...