Gender differences in drug bioequivalence: time to rethink practicesG Koren
Motherisk Program, Division of Clinical Pharmacology Toxicology, SickKids Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Clin Pharmacol Ther 93:260-2. 2013
..This article challenges this hypothesis on the basis of available evidence and urges that studies of BE of sufficient power be undertaken in women also for all generic drugs aimed at women...
- Fetal risks of maternal pharmacotherapy: identifying signals
Gideon Koren
The Motherisk Program, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 1X8, ON, Canada
Handb Exp Pharmacol 205:285-94. 2011
..This chapter will review the principles of teratology and the pharmacoepidemiological evidence for drug safety/risk in human gestation...
Methamphetamine detection in maternal and neonatal hair: implications for fetal safetyF Garcia-Bournissen
G Koren, The Motherisk Program, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, 8th Floor, Black Wing, Toronto, Canada ON, USA
Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 92:F351-5. 2007
..Methamphetamine misuse is a serious health problem of epidemic proportions. Use of this drug, particularly during pregnancy, is difficult to ascertain. Sparse information is available on gestational exposure...
- Safety assessment in pediatric studies
Gideon Koren
The Motherisk Program, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8, ON, Canada
Handb Exp Pharmacol 205:169-80. 2011
..In this chapter, several novel methods, both clinically based pharmacoepidemiological approaches and laboratory-based methods, are described...
Preconception counseling: rational, practice and challengesA Walfisch
Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Minerva Ginecol 63:411-9. 2011
..In addition, specific topics are reviewed in depth including folic acid supplementation, obesity, depression, seizure disorders, and drug therapy during pregnancy...
- Exposure to mirtazapine during pregnancy: a prospective, comparative study of birth outcomes
Josephine Djulus
Motherisk Program, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
J Clin Psychiatry 67:1280-4. 2006
..However, the higher number of spontaneous abortions in the antidepressant groups confirms the higher rates of spontaneous abortions in pregnant women taking antidepressant medications found in previous studies...
- CYP2D6 polymorphisms and codeine analgesia in postpartum pain management: a pilot study
Sondra vanderVaart
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Ther Drug Monit 33:425-32. 2011
..In contrast, poor metabolizers (PMs), individuals who have no active CYP2D6 genes, convert almost no codeine into morphine and as a result may take multiple doses of codeine without attaining analgesia...
- Long-term neurodevelopment of children exposed in utero to ciclosporin after maternal renal transplant
Irena Nulman
The Motherisk Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
Paediatr Drugs 12:113-22. 2010
..Immunosuppressant therapy is essential in the prevention of organ transplant rejection...
- Neonatal screening for prenatal alcohol exposure: assessment of voluntary maternal participation in an open meconium screening program
Irene Zelner
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Alcohol 46:269-76. 2012
....
- Development of Canadian screening tools for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
Y Ingrid Goh
The Motherisk Program, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario
Can J Clin Pharmacol 15:e344-66. 2008
..Screening for FASD may facilitate diagnosis and hence management of these children. We present a variety of screening tools for the identification of children at risk for FASD...
- Long-term neurodevelopment of children exposed to maternal nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and diclectin
Irena Nulman
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
J Pediatr 155:45-50, 50.e1-2. 2009
..To determine the effects of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) and its treatment with diclectin on child neurodevelopment...
- Opioid detection in maternal and neonatal hair and meconium: characterization of an at-risk population and implications to fetal toxicology
Monique Moller
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Ther Drug Monit 32:318-23. 2010
..657, P = 0.03). Understanding the addiction profiles of these women may lead to better clinical and social management and may largely benefit an at-risk population...
- Chronic prenatal ethanol exposure and increased concentration of fatty acid ethyl esters in meconium of term fetal Guinea pig
James F Brien
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
Ther Drug Monit 28:345-50. 2006
....
- Use of hypoglycemic drugs during lactation
Miguel Marcelo Glatstein
Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario
Can Fam Physician 55:371-3. 2009
..The benefits of breastfeeding greatly outweigh the risks of these medications, if any. The baby should, however, be monitored for signs of hypoglycemia...
- Pregnancy outcome of women using atypical antipsychotic drugs: a prospective comparative study
Kate McKenna
Motherisk Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
J Clin Psychiatry 66:444-9; quiz 546. 2005
..05), and the rate of therapeutic abortions (p = .003). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that atypical antipsychotics do not appear to be associated with an increased risk for major malformations...
- Universal screening for prenatal alcohol exposure: a progress report of a pilot study in the region of Grey Bruce, Ontario
Irene Zelner
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Ther Drug Monit 32:305-10. 2010
....
- Recent developments in meconium and hair testing methods for the confirmation of gestational exposures to alcohol and tobacco smoke
Daphne Chan
The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Clin Biochem 37:429-38. 2004
..The latest developments and novel applications of meconium and hair testing for the confirmation of prenatal alcohol and tobacco exposure are discussed in this review...
- Fetal exposure to isotretinoin-an international problem
Facundo Garcia-Bournissen
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Reprod Toxicol 25:124-8. 2008
..Isotretinoin is a known teratogen. Pregnancy prevention programs aimed at minimizing isotretinoin exposure in pregnancy have been implemented in North America with limited success...
- Neurodevelopment of children following prenatal exposure to venlafaxine, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or untreated maternal depression
Irena Nulman
Motherisk Program, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Canada
Am J Psychiatry 169:1165-74. 2012
..The authors compared the effects of prenatal exposure to venlafaxine (serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and maternal depression...
- Pregnancy outcomes following use of escitalopram: a prospective comparative cohort study
Chagit Klieger-Grossmann
Motherisk Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
J Clin Pharmacol 52:766-70. 2012
..In addition, the higher rates of spontaneous abortions in both antidepressant groups confirmed previous findings...
- Is morphine exposure associated with acute chest syndrome in children with vaso-occlusive crisis of sickle cell disease? A 6-year case-crossover study
Yaron Finkelstein
Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Clin Ther 29:2738-43. 2007
..However, the belief that these drugs can promote development of the acute chest syndrome (ACS) may lead to undertreatment of pain...
- Safety and efficacy of chastetree (Vitex agnus-castus) during pregnancy and lactation
Jean Jacques Dugoua
Graduate Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University ofToronto, Toronto, Canada
Can J Clin Pharmacol 15:e74-9. 2008
..This is one article in a series that systematically reviews the evidence for herbs commonly used during pregnancy and lactation...
- Prospective comparative study of the safety and effectiveness of ginger for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy
Galina Portnoi
The Motherisk Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
Am J Obstet Gynecol 189:1374-7. 2003
..3+/-2.9 SD. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that ginger does not appear to increase the rates of major malformations above the baseline rate of 1% to 3% and that it has a mild effect in the treatment of NVP...
- Correlation between drugs of abuse and alcohol by hair analysis: parents at risk for having children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
Vivian Kulaga
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
Alcohol 44:615-21. 2010
..26, 1.1-9.7). Our results suggest that parents abusing stimulants are at risk of high alcohol exposure, which put their unborn children at risk for FASD...
- MotherNature: establishing a Canadian research network for natural health products (NHPs) during pregnancy and lactation
Gideon Koren
Motherisk Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
J Altern Complement Med 14:369-72. 2008
....
- Safety and efficacy of blue cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides) during pregnancy and lactation
Jean Jacques Dugoua
Graduate Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University ofToronto, Toronto, Canada
Can J Clin Pharmacol 15:e66-73. 2008
..This is one article in a series that systematically reviews the evidence for commonly used herbs during pregnancy and lactation...
- Hair as a novel noninvasive method to study the impact of pregnancy on CYP2D6 metabolizing capacity
Lisa O'Brien
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Ther Drug Monit 31:531-2. 2009
..A novel method is described to investigate changes in the drug metabolizing capacity of CYP2D6 during pregnancy using hair analysis...
- Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE); comparative accumulation in human and guinea pig hair as a biomarker for prenatal alcohol exposure
Vivian Kulaga
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
Alcohol Alcohol 41:534-9. 2006
..Lastly, our findings suggest ethyl oleate may be of keen interest in FAEE hair analysis, particularly across species...
- Agreement between the fatty acid ethyl ester hair test for alcohol and social workers' reports
Vivian Kulaga
The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
Ther Drug Monit 32:294-9. 2010
..Reported factors directly related to alcohol use were significantly associated with testing positive for excessive alcohol use, whereas factors not directly related to alcohol use were negatively associated with testing positive...
- Prenatal exposure to HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors: effects on fetal and neonatal outcomes
Nobuko Taguchi
The Motherisk Program, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Canada
Reprod Toxicol 26:175-7. 2008
..However, a recent study based on a series of cases reported to FDA suggests possible teratogenic effects of statins on embryogenesis, such as limb defects and severe central nervous system anomalies...
- Heavy in utero ethanol exposure is associated with the use of other drugs of abuse in a high-risk population
Sarit Shor
Motherisk Program, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
Alcohol 44:623-7. 2010
....
- Potential role of the placenta in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
Joey Gareri
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital for Sick Children, Ontario, Canada
Paediatr Drugs 11:26-9. 2009
..Meconium is a toxicological matrix unique to the developing fetus that offers an opportunity to quantify fetal exposure to alcohol through the analysis of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) [nonoxidative ethanol metabolites]...
- Child neurodevelopmental outcome and maternal occupational exposure to solvents
Dionne Laslo-Baker
Motherisk Program and Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 158:956-61. 2004
..Reducing exposure in pregnancy is merited until more refined risk assessment is possible. Further studies that address exposure to specific solvents, dose, and gestational timing of exposure are needed...
- Sulfonylurea intoxication at a tertiary care paediatric hospital
Miguel Glatstein
Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Canada
Can J Clin Pharmacol 17:e51-6. 2010
..Although the administration of octreotide is considered effective in patients that remain hypoglycaemic despite glucose administration, experience in children is limited...
- Rates of fetal alcohol exposure among newborns in a high-risk obstetric unit
Y Ingrid Goh
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
Alcohol 44:629-34. 2010
..04, 95% confidence interval=6.40-22.65, P<.0001). These results suggest that the high-risk pregnancies should be screened for PAE and followed-up for potential diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder...
- Colchicine poisoning: the dark side of an ancient drug
Yaron Finkelstein
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Clin Toxicol (Phila) 48:407-14. 2010
..Although colchicine poisoning is sometimes intentional, unintentional toxicity is common and often associated with a poor outcome...
- A pilot study of paternal drug exposure: the Motherisk experience
Candace Y W Lee
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Reprod Toxicol 29:353-60. 2010
..Here, we reviewed for the first time our experience with PEx...
- Both parental psychopathology and prenatal maternal alcohol dependency can predict the behavioral phenotype in children
Arthur Staroselsky
Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Motherisk Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Ontario, Canada
Paediatr Drugs 11:22-5. 2009
..To identify whether a child's behavior phenotype can be predicted by parental psychopathology and/or prenatal maternal alcohol dependency by using the Child Behavior List (CBCL) as a screening tool...
- Effects of aspirin consumption during pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes: meta-analysis
Eran Kozer
Department of Paediatrics, The Motherisk Program, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hospital for Sick Children, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol 68:70-84. 2003
..CONCLUSION: For women with moderate- and high-risk pregnancies, aspirin treatment seemed to have a small but significant effect on reducing the rate of preterm deliveries, but did not reduce the rate of perinatal death...
- Periconceptional folic acid supplementation: a new indication for therapeutic drug monitoring
Carolyn Tam
Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Ther Drug Monit 31:319-26. 2009
..This review describes the evolution of the evidence for TDM of RBC folate and preliminary experience with TDM in a population of 12 women who were planning a pregnancy and who were being treated with an atypical antipsychotic...
- A pilot pharmacokinetic and antiangiogenic biomarker study of celecoxib and low-dose metronomic vinblastine or cyclophosphamide in pediatric recurrent solid tumors
Diana Stempak
New Agents and Innovative Therapy Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 28:720-8. 2006
..However, future studies should include more homogenous patient populations and focus on validating surrogate markers to monitor treatment activity...
- The fetal safety of hydrocortisone-pramoxine (Proctofoam-HC) for the treatment of hemorrhoids in late pregnancy
Neda Ebrahimi
Motherisk Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto ON
J Obstet Gynaecol Can 33:153-8. 2011
..The objective of this study was to assess prospectively the fetal safety of third trimester exposure to Proctofoam-HC...
- Clinical use of meconium fatty acid ethyl esters for identifying children at risk for alcohol-related disabilities: the first reported case
Irene Zelner
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol 19:e26-31. 2012
....
- Severe bullous hypersensitivity reactions after exposure to carbamazepine in a Han-Chinese child with a positive HLA-B*1502 and negative in vitro toxicity assays: evidence for different pathophysiological mechanisms
Abdelbaset A Elzagallaai
Ivey Chair in Molecular Toxicology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol 18:e1-9. 2011
..The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic and metabolic bases of DHS development to help predict patient susceptibility...
- Back to basics: understanding drugs in children: pharmacokinetic maturation
Maria Tetelbaum
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pediatrics and Population Health Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Pediatr Rev 26:321-8. 2005
- Central nervous system depression of neonates breastfed by mothers receiving oxycodone for postpartum analgesia
Jessica Lam
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
J Pediatr 160:33-7.e2. 2012
..To quantify the incidence of central nervous system (CNS) depression in neonates breastfed by mothers medicated with oxycodone as compared with neonates whose breastfeeding mothers used codeine or acetaminophen only...
- Safety of glyburide for gestational diabetes: a meta-analysis of pregnancy outcomes
Myla E Moretti
Motherisk Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Ann Pharmacother 42:483-90. 2008
..Recent experimental and clinical studies have suggested, however, that the drug is not detectable in umbilical blood...
- Safety and efficacy of panax ginseng during pregnancy and lactation
Dugald Seely
Department of Research and Clinical Epidemiology, The Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Canada
Can J Clin Pharmacol 15:e87-94. 2008
..This is one article in a series that systematically reviews the evidence for herbs commonly used during pregnancy and lactation...
- The effect of amitriptyline, gabapentin, and carbamazepine on morphine-induced hypercarbia in rabbits
Eran Kozer
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
Anesth Analg 107:1216-22. 2008
..However, it is unclear if a combination of these drugs intensifies the effects of morphine on the respiratory system and, if so, whether these effects are due to pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic interaction...
- Methods for quantification of exposure to cigarette smoking and environmental tobacco smoke: focus on developmental toxicology
Ana Florescu
Department of Research, The CAMH Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Ther Drug Monit 31:14-30. 2009
..This review aims at defining the sensitivity, specificity, and clinical utilization of different methods used to estimate exposure to cigarette smoking and environmental tobacco smoke...
- Reference values for hair cotinine as a biomarker of active and passive smoking in women of reproductive age, pregnant women, children, and neonates: systematic review and meta-analysis
Ana Florescu
Public Health Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Ther Drug Monit 29:437-46. 2007
..These new values should facilitate clinical diagnosis of active and passive exposure to tobacco smoke. Such diagnosis is critical in pregnancy and in a large number of tobacco-induced medical conditions...
- Prenatal multivitamin supplementation and rates of congenital anomalies: a meta-analysis
Y Ingrid Goh
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, and The Motherisk Program, Division of Clinical Pharmacology/Toxicology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
J Obstet Gynaecol Can 28:680-9. 2006
..These data have major public health implications, because until now fortification of only folic acid has been encouraged. This approach should be reconsidered...
- Evaluating the safety of St. John's Wort in human pregnancy
Myla E Moretti
The Motherisk Program, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada
Reprod Toxicol 28:96-9. 2009
..Though further large scale studies are still needed, this first study on the effects of St. John's Wort in human pregnancy does provide some evidence of fetal safety...
- Examining the health and drug exposures among Canadian children residing in drug-producing homes
Monique Moller
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
J Pediatr 159:766-770.e1. 2011
..To examine the health and well-being of children residing in residences where drug production is occurring...
- Effectiveness of delayed-release doxylamine and pyridoxine for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: a randomized placebo controlled trial
Gideon Koren
Motherisk Program, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Am J Obstet Gynecol 203:571.e1-7. 2010
..To evaluate the effectiveness of Diclectin (doxylamine succinate 10 mg-pyridoxine hydrochloride 10 mg, delayed-release preparation) as compared with placebo for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy...
- Systemic bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of the doxylamine-pyridoxine delayed-release combination (Diclectin)
Simerpal Kaur Gill
The Motherisk Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Ther Drug Monit 33:115-9. 2011
..To understand and improve its effectiveness, the variability in the pharmacokinetics of the ingredients in this doxylamine succinate/pyridoxine hydrochloride combination must be studied...
- Is maternal use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the third trimester of pregnancy harmful to neonates?
Gideon Koren
Motherisk Program, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
CMAJ 172:1457-9. 2005
- Does paroxetine cause cardiac malformations?
Lisa O'Brien
The Motherisk Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Toronto ON
J Obstet Gynaecol Can 30:696-701. 2008
..Debate has recently arisen about the safety of paroxetine use in pregnancy, prompted by reports of increased risks for cardiac defects following first trimester exposure...
- Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: using the 24-hour Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis (PUQE-24) scale
Neda Ebrahimi
The Motherisk Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto ON, Canada
J Obstet Gynaecol Can 31:803-7. 2009
..The well-being score, however, correlated significantly with hydration status. Capturing 24 hours rather than 12 hours of symptoms may better direct management of NVP and predict its outcome...
- Neurocognitive development of children following in-utero exposure to labetalol for maternal hypertension: a cohort study using a prospectively collected database
Wee Shian Chan
Department of Medicine, Women s College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Hypertens Pregnancy 29:271-83. 2010
..To identify the effect of prenatal labetalol exposure on children's long-term neurodevelopment...
- Pregnancy outcome following in utero exposure to bisphosphonates
Shirley Levy
The Motherisk Program, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Bone 44:428-30. 2009
..The safety of bisphosphonates in human pregnancy has not been well established. To characterize pregnancy outcome in women receiving bisphosphonates, we conducted a multi-centre, prospective cohort study with a comparison group...
- Passive environmental exposure to cocaine in Canadian children
Facundo Garcia-Bournissen
The Motherisk Program, Division of Clinical Pharmacology Toxicology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Paediatr Drugs 11:30-2. 2009
..Hair testing is commonly used to confirm potential drug exposure in children living with drug users, as well as abstinence in their caregivers...
- Pharmacokinetic comparison of a delayed-release combination of doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrocholoride (Diclectin) and oral solutions of these drugs in healthy women of childbearing age
Irena Nulman
The Motherisk Program, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
Can J Clin Pharmacol 16:e400-6. 2009
..The drug is widely used today in Canada (Diclectin). The pharmacokinetics of Diclectin has never been described in humans...
- Reliability and validity of observer ratings of pain using the visual analog scale (VAS) in infants undergoing immunization injections
Anna Taddio
Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, and Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont, Canada
Pain 147:141-6. 2009
..However, different conclusions may be reached about the effectiveness of analgesic interventions depending on the rater. Sources of variability include use of multiple raters, rater focus (procedure vs. child) and experience level...
- Antenatal use of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors and QT interval prolongation in newborns
Gal Dubnov-Raz
Hospital for Sick Children, Motherisk Program, Divisions of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology and Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, 555 University Avenue Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Pediatrics 122:e710-5. 2008
..The aim of this study was to determine the effect of maternal use of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor antidepressants during pregnancy on the QTc interval of the offspring...
- Prevalence of fetal ethanol exposure in a regional population-based sample by meconium analysis of fatty acid ethyl esters
Joey Gareri
Motherisk Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Ther Drug Monit 30:239-45. 2008
..Meconium FAEE analysis demonstrates a fivefold increase in sensitivity over currently used methods of self-report-based screening in Ontario for the detection of ethanol-exposed pregnancies in a clinical setting...
- A Guinea pig model for the identification of in utero alcohol exposure using fatty acid ethyl esters in neonatal hair
Daniela L Caprara
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
Pediatr Res 58:1158-63. 2005
..Results of this study suggest that FAEE in neonatal hair may be useful biomarkers in identifying in utero alcohol exposure and may facilitate the early diagnosis and treatment of FASD...
- Enantioselective metabolism of ifosfamide by the kidney
Katarina Aleksa
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
Chirality 18:398-405. 2006
....
- Determinants of women's decision making on whether to treat nausea and vomiting of pregnancy pharmacologically
Anne Baggley
The Motherisk Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
J Midwifery Womens Health 49:350-4. 2004
..Of the women who did use Diclectin, the most convincing reassuring information that it was safe to use came from friends and family. Many other factors play a large role in a women's decision making...
- An improved method for rapidly quantifying fatty acid ethyl esters in meconium suitable for prenatal alcohol screening
Janine R Hutson
Motherisk Laboratory, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
Alcohol 45:193-9. 2011
..This method provides an optimal approach to detecting and quantifying FAEE in meconium that could be used in a universal screening program for prenatal alcohol exposure...
- Evaluation of the risk of congenital cardiovascular defects associated with use of paroxetine during pregnancy
Adrienne Einarson
Motherisk Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toronto, 555 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
Am J Psychiatry 165:749-52. 2008
..In this study, the authors sought to determine whether paroxetine was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular defects in infants of women exposed to the drug during the first trimester of pregnancy...
- Hair nicotine:cotinine metabolic ratio in pregnant women: a new method to study metabolism in late pregnancy
Gideon Koren
Division of Clinical Pharmacology Toxicology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Ther Drug Monit 30:246-8. 2008
..This phenomenon may explain why many pregnant women feel the urge to continue smoking and why standard-dose nicotine replacement therapy has not been effective in reducing smoking during pregnancy in several clinical trials...
- Safety and efficacy of ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) during pregnancy and lactation
Jean Jacques Dugoua
Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Canada
Can J Clin Pharmacol 13:e277-84. 2006
..This is one article in a series that systematically reviews the evidence for commonly used herbs during pregnancy and lactation...
- Hair mercury levels of women of reproductive age in Ontario, Canada: implications to fetal safety and fish consumption
Katherine Schoeman
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
J Pediatr 157:127-31. 2010
..To study hair mercury concentrations among women of reproductive age in relation to fish intake in Ontario, Canada...
- The effect of N-acetylcysteine on ifosfamide-induced nephrotoxicity: in vitro studies in renal tubular cells
Nancy Chen
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
Transl Res 150:51-7. 2007
..It is likely that NAC is protecting the cells by partially acting as a precursor for GSH synthesis. This mode of therapy may allow for protecting children from life-threatening nephrotoxicity induced by IF...
- Validation of the oral mucositis assessment scale in pediatric cancer
Lillian Sung
Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Pediatr Blood Cancer 49:149-53. 2007
..Our objective was to examine the construct validity of the Oral Mucositis Assessment Scale (OMAS) in children receiving doxorubicin chemotherapy...
- Long-term developmental outcome of children of women with epilepsy, unexposed or exposed prenatally to antiepileptic drugs: a meta-analysis of cohort studies
Ryan Banach
Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Drug Saf 33:73-9. 2010
..Clinicians should inform families of the potential cognitive adverse effects of valproic acid. More studies are needed to corroborate these findings...
- The way women perceive teratogenic risk
Gideon Koren
The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Can J Clin Pharmacol 14:e10-6. 2007
- Defining a lowest observable adverse effect hair concentrations of mercury for neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal methylmercury exposure through maternal fish consumption: a systematic review
Katherine Schoeman
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada
Ther Drug Monit 31:670-82. 2009
..Our objective was to systematically review the evidence of neurodevelopmental risks of methylmercury to the unborn child from maternal fish consumption to define the lowest observable adverse effect hair concentration (LOAEHC)...
- Systemic exposure to morphine and the risk of acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease
Ernest A Kopecky
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
Clin Pharmacol Ther 75:140-6. 2004
..The safe systemic exposure to morphine in terms of area under the concentration-time curve should be further studied in children with sickle cell disease...
- Pharmacokinetics of high doses of cyanocobalamin administered by intravenous injection for 26 weeks in rats
Alejandro A Nava-Ocampo
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 32:13-8. 2005
..The negative relationship between dose and normalized AUC is compatible with possible saturation of tubular reabsorption, thus increasing renal clearance at higher doses...
- Clopidogrel use in children
Yaron Finkelstein
Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario
J Pediatr 147:657-61. 2005
..To review a pediatric experience with the antiplatelet agent clopidogrel and suggest a dosage regimen...
- Smoke screen: increase in movie stars' smoking on the big screen and its effect on teen smoking
Yaron Finkelstein
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
Ther Drug Monit 27:547-8. 2005
..Several recent studies show an increase in movie stars' smoking on the big screen, leading to an increased rate of teen smoking...
- Discrepancies in pharmacokinetic analysis results obtained by using two standard population pharmacokinetics software programs
Yaron Finkelstein
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G1X8, Canada
Fundam Clin Pharmacol 23:53-7. 2009
..7 h vs. 206.9 h, respectively). When considering the results reported from a population PK analysis, validation of the results by different software should be considered, especially when extreme, unexpected values are obtained...
- Elimination kinetics of ethanol in pregnant women
Alejandro A Nava-Ocampo
The Motherisk Program, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont, Canada
Reprod Toxicol 18:613-7. 2004
..However, ethanol clearance from the AF is slower than ethanol clearance in MB. This process is widely variable, and our findings may partially explain the wide variability of ethanol's toxic effects on the fetus...
- Gene-expression analysis after alcohol exposure in the developing mouse
Marjie L Hard
The Hospital for Sick Children, The Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
J Lab Clin Med 145:47-54. 2005
..Microarray studies may be useful in the identification of a genetic marker for fetal alcohol syndrome, the discovery of novel pathways that may be involved in its origin, or both...
- Bioavailability of a pediatric amlodipine suspension
Dorothy A Lyszkiewicz
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Pediatr Nephrol 18:675-8. 2003
..Bioequivalence of the suspension was not different from the tablets. These results support the use of the suspension in children who cannot take the tablet...
- Drinking alcohol while breastfeeding. Will it harm my baby?
Gideon Koren
Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont
Can Fam Physician 48:39-41. 2002
..Motherisk has created an algorithm to estimate how long it takes to eliminate alcohol from breast milk...
- Estimation of fetal exposure to drugs of abuse, environmental tobacco smoke, and ethanol
Gideon Koren
Motherisk Program, Division of Clinical Pharmacology Toxicology, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Ther Drug Monit 24:23-5. 2002
..The identification of biologic markers of intrauterine exposure to xenobiotics will allow better understanding of etiology and dose-response relationships...
- Effects of perioperative oral amantadine on postoperative pain and morphine consumption in patients after radical prostatectomy: results of a preliminary study
Dirk G Snijdelaar
Acute Pain Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, Ontario, Canada
Anesthesiology 100:134-41. 2004
..The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of perioperative oral amantadine on postoperative pain and analgesic consumption...
- The stability of a ketamine-morphine solution
Roger Schmid
Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, ON, Canada
Anesth Analg 94:898-900, table of contents. 2002
..We show that a racemic ketamine and morphine solution at a clinically relevant concentration seems to be stable at room temperature at a wide range of pH values for at least 4 days...
- Binding of acetaldehyde to human and Guinea pig placentae in vitro
Marjie L Hard
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Placenta 24:149-54. 2003
..CONCLUSION: This previously unidentified source of variability may partially explain why some foetuses are adversely affected by prenatal alcohol exposure while others are not...
- Establishing causality of CNS depression in breastfed infants following maternal codeine use
Parvaz Madadi
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
Paediatr Drugs 10:399-404. 2008
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- In vitro testing for the diagnosis of anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome: a systematic review
Abdelbaset A Elzagallaai
Ivey Chair in Molecular Toxicology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
Mol Diagn Ther 13:313-30. 2009
..Consequently, in the absence of further research, the predictability of these tests will remain questionable and they are unlikely to be utilized on a large scale...
- Prenatal supplementation with multivitamins and the incidence of pediatric cancers: clinical and methodological considerations
Y Ingrid Goh
Motherisk Program, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
Pediatr Blood Cancer 50:487-9; discussion 498. 2008
..The following review summarizes the available knowledge associating prenatal multivitamin consumption with the prevention of pediatric cancers...
- Discrepancies between ordered and delivered concentrations of opiate infusions in critical care
Christopher S Parshuram
Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Crit Care Med 31:2483-7. 2003
..These findings are likely to be broadly representative of intravenous drug administration in hospitalized children and pediatric pharmacokinetic studies. Further study of the causes and clinical impact is required...
- Methadone exposure during lactation
Miguel Marcelo Glatstein
Motherisk Team, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
Can Fam Physician 54:1689-90. 2008
..Women using methadone for treatment of opioid dependence should not be discouraged from breastfeeding. The benefits of breastfeeding largely outweigh any theoretical minimal risks...
- Fetal safety of loratadine use in the first trimester of pregnancy: a multicenter study
Myla E Moretti
Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
J Allergy Clin Immunol 111:479-83. 2003
..CONCLUSION: These results suggest that loratadine use in pregnancy is not associated with a large risk for major malformations. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings and to increase study power...
- Celecoxib in human milk: a case report
David C Knoppert
Department of Pharmacy, St Joseph s Hospital, Department of Paediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
Pharmacotherapy 23:97-100. 2003
..0-6.5 hours. This initial report, which should be substantiated and expanded, provides information that can help counsel parents about breastfeeding and celecoxib...
- Pregnancy after stem cell transplantation
Tal Schechter
Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont
Can Fam Physician 51:817-8. 2005
..There is increased risk of prematurity, low birth weight, and spontaneous abortion. Pregnancy should be managed as high risk...
- Biologic markers of pain in the vulnerable infant
Ran D Goldman
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital for Sick Children, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Clin Perinatol 29:415-25. 2002
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