Sung Ho Jang

..The object of this study was to demonstrate the reorganization of the affected hand motor function lateral to the congenital brain lesion in a patient using functional MRI (fMRI)...

..We investigated the motor recovery mechanism of a stroke patient using functional MRI (fMRI) and diffusion tensor image tractography (DTT)...

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..In particular, research on recovery of CST injury should be encouraged. Moreover, studies of the various recovery mechanisms related to the CST are necessary...

..05). In summary, we found a smaller size and higher FA value of the CST area from rostral to caudal direction in the pons. These results suggest a more compact neural structure of CST areas from rostral to caudal direction in the pons...

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..05). Conclusion: We believe that the methodology and results of this study would be helpful to future research on the precommissural fornix and in the elucidation of the pathology of diseases involving the precommissural fornix...

..We believe that further studies comprising other neural tracts except for the corticospinal tract including the extrapyramidal tracts such as the corticoreticulospinal and neural tracts which are related with apraxia, are necessary...

..However, the neural connectivity of the ION has not been clearly elucidated in the human brain. In this study, the neural connectivity of the ION in the human brain was investigated by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)...

..We attempted to investigate injury to the corticospinal tract in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage using diffusion tensor imaging...

..Therefore, we suggest that further research should focus on these topics, especially, on the neural control mechanism of walking and motor recovery mechanisms of the leg in stroke patients...

..In addition, the effect of rehabilitation on these topics should also be elucidated...

..Most of these studies have focused on the specific cause of motor weakness. However, little is known about the classification and elucidation of the causes of motor weakness in consecutive patients with TBI...

..Therefore, further complementary studies that define these in detail are warranted...

..DTT would be useful in elucidating the causes of motor weakness in patients with TBI at the subcortical level, including conditions such as diffuse axonal injury, deep intracerebral hemorrhage, and transtentorial herniation...

..It seems that transcallosal fibers originated from the CST of the unaffected hemisphere, and fibers descending toward the lesion in patients with corona radiata infarct may act to compensate for motor deficits...

..DTT type A patients showed better motor function than the type B patients at 6 months after onset. DTT obtained at the early stage of pontine infarct appears to have predictive value for motor outcome in patients with pontine infarct...

..These combined modalities would be helpful in elucidating the state and change of corticospinal tract...

..In the current study, we tried to review the literatures about the motor recovery mechanisms of the patients with stroke...

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..Therefore, we suggest that further research should focus on these topics...

..The pons was the most prevalent area of CST injury in patients with weakness caused by DAI at the subcortical level. We found that DTI is a useful technique for detecting a DAI of the CST at the subcortical level...

..We describe a patient with cortical infarct, whose sensori-motor function for the hand seemed to be reorganized into the lateral area, as demonstrated by functional MRI (fMRI)...

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..Other additional studies on optimal DTI scanning time for motor prediction will also be required...

..Therefore, further DTI studies should be conducted in order to expand the literature on this topic. In particular, research on midbrain and medulla should be encouraged...

..Using diffusion tensor tractography (DTT), we investigated the characteristics of the APT in comparison with the PT in the normal human brain...

..We attempted to demonstrate the motor recovery mechanism in a hemiparetic patient with ICH using diffusion tensor tractography (DTT), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and functional MRI (fMRI)...

..In this study, we explored the recovery of a CST partially damaged by intracerebral hematoma in a patient by DTI...

..Peri-lesional reorganization is a motor recovery mechanism after brain injury. The object of this study was to demonstrate the peri-lesional reorganization, using functional MRI (fMRI) and diffusion tensor tractography (DTT)...

..This finding may imply motor recovery through cortical reorganization after precentral knob infarct in the human brain...

..We describe here 2 stroke patients who showed activation of the contra-lesional somatosensory cortex without activation of the ipsi-lesional somatosensory cortex during proprioceptive input on the affected hand...

..To evaluate the effectiveness of alcohol neurolysis of tibial nerve motor branches to the gastrocnemius muscle for the treatment of ankle plantarflexor spasticity in patients with hemiplegic stroke...

..This study examined whether the degree of impairment of diffusion anisotrophy in the early stages of a stroke can predict the motor function outcome...

..In conclusion, it seems that cortical reorganization was induced by the TT program in chronic hemiparetic stroke patients...

..We investigated the neural pathway associated with motor recovery in the patients with corona radiata infarct (CR) using DTT...

..We concluded that the ipsilateral motor pathway from the unaffected motor cortex to the affected hand was present in this patient...

..However, there has been no study on the comparison of these two evaluation tools. In the current study, we compared the abilities of TMS and DTT to predict upper motor outcome in patients with ICH (intracerebral hemorrhage)...

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..This finding may reflect functional reorganization of motor function in a patient with congenital brain disorder...

..It seems that the weakness of this patient recovered due to the recovery of the damaged corticospinal tracts...

..0003). The early DTT findings for CST may be used to predict the motor outcome of the affected extremities in hemiparetic patients with ICH...

..We investigated neural connectivity of the PPN in relation to walking ability in chronic patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage...

..Autologous nucleus pulposus obtained from coccygeal intervertebral discs was grafted on the proximal of L5 dorsal root ganglion. Pain behavior, mRNA expression of Interleukin-8 (IL-8), and immunohistochemical changes were assessed...

..We found that the LIs of active exercise and proprioceptive input were higher than the LI of touch stimulation. This suggest that touch stimulation may be a less lateralized function than active exercise and proprioceptive input...

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..We investigated the effect of the newly designed small orthosis named modified opposition restriction orthosis (MORO) in chronic hemiparetic patients with stroke...

..Failure of early motor learning due to damage in any brain area involved in this process may interfere with successful rehabilitation of such patients...

..025, r=0.313). We found that motor outcome differed according to the originated area of the affected CST and the degree of injury of the affected CST in patients whose affected CST was compressed by hematoma...

..This study is the first neuroimaging evidence that the combined fMRI and DTI fiber tracing can significantly expand the explanatory power of probing cortical reorganization underlying motor recovery mechanism in stroke...

..Therefore, it seems that DTT would be a useful modality in detecting CST abnormalities in advance of clinical manifestation in infants with high risk factors...

..It seems that the main motor function of these patients is controlled via the spared peri-infarct corticospinal tract...

..As a result, despite the absence of a functional hand in all patients, more than half were able to walk independently...

..Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in adult stroke patients is known to be an independent risk factor for poor functional outcome. Using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), we attempted to investigate the effect of IVH on the white matter...

..We investigated the relationship between injury of the spino-thalamo-cortical pathway (STP) and central post-stroke pain (CPSP) in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage, using diffusion tensor tractography (DTT)...

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..It seemed that phonation during the motor task enhanced the efficiency of cortical activation compared to that caused by the motor task alone...

..Little is known about the cortical activation pattern of compensatory movement (CM) in stroke patients. We attempted to investigate the cortical activation pattern of compensatory movement in stroke patients, using functional MRI (fMRI)...

..We conclude that DTI with FT may be a useful modality for use in investigating the status of CST in patients with DAI...

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..Using diffusion tensor tractography, we investigated the prevalence of CPSP according to the integrity of the STP in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage...

..This longitudinal experimental study was conducted to investigate electrophysiologic characteristics, pain behavior, and histological changes in a rat model of lumbar disc herniation...

..DTI with FT demonstrated focal lesions at the PVWM level. We conclude that DTI with FT may be a useful modality for investigating focal lesions in hemiparetic patients with CP...

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..Our results demonstrated that plastic changes of the motor network occurred as a neural basis of the improvement subsequent to CIM therapy following brain injury...

..In conclusion, it seems that cortical reorganization occurred in parallel with motor recovery in hemiparetic patients with cerebral infarct...

..The aim of this study was to investigate the cortical activation pattern of hemiparetic patients with a pontine infarct, using functional MRI scanning (fMRI)...

..The inhibitory effect to the ipsilateral hemispace was noticeable only in the left PPC...

..In addition, it could be helpful in classification of the aphasia type of stroke patients...

..CONCLUSIONS: It seems that the peri-infarct areas compensate for corticospinal tract damage at the pons; this may be one mechanism of motor recovery for patients with pontine infarct...

..CONCLUSIONS: The hand motor function associated with the infarcted M1 in our patients was reorganized into the S1. These results suggest cortical reorganization in patients with an M1 infarct...

..We attempted to investigate changes of the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) according to walking ability in chronic stroke patients, using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)...

..In conclusion, we demonstrated that the corticospinal tract for the hand descended through the posterior portion of the posterior limb at the mid-thalamic level...

..It seems that the pathophysiological mechanism of sustained mirror movements in stroke patients involves the unaffected motor cortex...

..The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the speed of degeneration of the CST in patients with cerebral infarct, using DTT...

..It seems that the motor recovery in patients who had suffered DAI was attributable to the recovery of the corticospinal tract...

..DTI could be useful in the evaluation of patients with memory impairment following DAI...

..Patients with ESRD showed abnormalities on DTTs that were associated with cognition; however, they did not show significant cognitive abnormalities...

..These findings may provide a basis for the development of therapeutic applications of rTMS in patients with impaired motor skill...

..The authors investigated the incidence and the clinical significance of transpontine connection of fibers (TCFs) in hemiparetic patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), using diffusion tensor tractography (DTT)...

..Methodology and data from this study of the neural pathway from the NBM passing through the cingulum will be helpful in elucidation of the pathology of diseases involving the basal forebrain or frontal lobe...

..CC lesions may be present in DAI patients, irrespective of detection on conventional brain MRI. The authors suggest the probability that in cases of corpus callosum injury, DTI can offer a powerful means of detecting DAI...

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..This study highlights the effects of a comprehensive neurorehabilitation (CN) on neuroplasticity and motor recovery in a 25 years old adult with right hippocampal sclerosis and the temporal lobectomy and amygdalotomy...

..05). Motor function was improved (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: This is a novel demonstration of VR-induced neuroplastic changes and associated motor recovery in chronic stroke...

..CONCLUSION: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation, when applied to the peripheral muscles, seems to have a direct effect on the cerebral cortex...

..STN is an effective procedure to resolve localized spasticity of the ankle and it may be considered as a management strategy after local injection to alleviate ankle spasticity and/or contracture prior to orthopaedic surgery...

..Therefore, we believe that DTT can give us useful informations on the state of CPs which can not get from conventional brain MRI in patients with cerebral infarct...

..It can be assumed that the appropriate restriction period is best decided individually, on a case by case basis, according to the time that maximizes the hand function of the affected hand...