K Marsh

Summary

Affiliation: Kenya Medical Research Institute
Country: Kenya

Publications

  1. ncbi Acquisition of naturally occurring antibody responses to recombinant protein domains of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1
    Claire L Mackintosh
    Kenya Medical Research Institute Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kilifi District Hospital, Kilifi, Kenya
    Malar J 7:155. 2008
  2. ncbi Management of severe malaria: implications for research
    Kevin Marsh
    Welcome Trust/KEMRI, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research/Coast, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
    Br J Clin Pharmacol 55:460-3. 2003
  3. ncbi Malaria transmission and morbidity
    K Marsh
    KEMRI Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
    Parassitologia 41:241-6. 1999
  4. ncbi Immune effector mechanisms in malaria
    K Marsh
    KEMRI Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast CGMRC, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
    Parasite Immunol 28:51-60. 2006
  5. ncbi Antibody recognition of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte surface antigens in Kenya: evidence for rare and prevalent variants
    P C Bull
    Kenya Medical Research Institute CGMRC, Kilifi Unit, Kilifi, Kenya
    Infect Immun 67:733-9. 1999
  6. ncbi Cerebral malaria versus bacterial meningitis in children with impaired consciousness
    J A Berkley
    Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
    QJM 92:151-7. 1999
  7. ncbi Allele-specific antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein-2 and protection against clinical malaria
    F H A Osier
    KEMRI Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
    Parasite Immunol 32:193-201. 2010
  8. ncbi The role of sequential administration of sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine following quinine in the treatment of severe falciparum malaria in children
    B R Ogutu
    Kenya Medical Research Institute KEMRI Wellcome Trust Collaborative Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
    Trop Med Int Health 10:484-8. 2005
  9. ncbi Trust and informed consent: insights from community members on the Kenyan coast
    C S Molyneux
    Kenya Medical Research Institute, P O Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
    Soc Sci Med 61:1463-73. 2005
  10. ncbi Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes: agglutination by diverse Kenyan plasma is associated with severe disease and young host age
    P C Bull
    Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kilifi Unit, Kilifi, Kenya
    J Infect Dis 182:252-9. 2000

Collaborators

Detail Information

Publications88

  1. ncbi Acquisition of naturally occurring antibody responses to recombinant protein domains of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1
    Claire L Mackintosh
    Kenya Medical Research Institute Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kilifi District Hospital, Kilifi, Kenya
    Malar J 7:155. 2008
    ..The precise target for these antibodies is unknown. The best characterized and most likely target is the erythrocyte surface-expressed variant protein family Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1)...
  2. ncbi Management of severe malaria: implications for research
    Kevin Marsh
    Welcome Trust/KEMRI, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research/Coast, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
    Br J Clin Pharmacol 55:460-3. 2003
  3. ncbi Malaria transmission and morbidity
    K Marsh
    KEMRI Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
    Parassitologia 41:241-6. 1999
    ....
  4. ncbi Immune effector mechanisms in malaria
    K Marsh
    KEMRI Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast CGMRC, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
    Parasite Immunol 28:51-60. 2006
    ....
  5. ncbi Antibody recognition of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte surface antigens in Kenya: evidence for rare and prevalent variants
    P C Bull
    Kenya Medical Research Institute CGMRC, Kilifi Unit, Kilifi, Kenya
    Infect Immun 67:733-9. 1999
    ..These results support the idea that preexisting anti-PfEMP1 antibodies can select the variants that are expressed during a new infection and may suggest the existence of a dominant subset of PfEMP1 variants...
  6. ncbi Cerebral malaria versus bacterial meningitis in children with impaired consciousness
    J A Berkley
    Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
    QJM 92:151-7. 1999
    ..The finding of malaria parasites in the blood of an unconscious child in sub-Saharan Africa is not sufficient to establish a diagnosis of cerebral malaria, and acute bacterial meningitis must be actively excluded in all cases...
  7. ncbi Allele-specific antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein-2 and protection against clinical malaria
    F H A Osier
    KEMRI Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
    Parasite Immunol 32:193-201. 2010
    ..Thus, even for this well-studied antigen, the importance of an allele-specific component of naturally acquired protective immunity to malaria remains to be confirmed...
  8. ncbi The role of sequential administration of sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine following quinine in the treatment of severe falciparum malaria in children
    B R Ogutu
    Kenya Medical Research Institute KEMRI Wellcome Trust Collaborative Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
    Trop Med Int Health 10:484-8. 2005
    ..Three weeks after SP treatment, the proportion of Tp-Db increased to 72% (31/43). The high treatment failure rate and proportion of parasites with Tp-Db negate the use of SP to shorten the course of quinine treatment in East Africa...
  9. ncbi Trust and informed consent: insights from community members on the Kenyan coast
    C S Molyneux
    Kenya Medical Research Institute, P O Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
    Soc Sci Med 61:1463-73. 2005
    ..The latter is particularly fundamental, but cannot be built and regulated through the laws, policies and guidelines that currently govern biomedical research practice...
  10. ncbi Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes: agglutination by diverse Kenyan plasma is associated with severe disease and young host age
    P C Bull
    Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kilifi Unit, Kilifi, Kenya
    J Infect Dis 182:252-9. 2000
    ..We propose that parasites causing severe disease tend to express a subset of VSA variants that are preferentially associated with infections of children with low immunity...
  11. ncbi Chlorproguanil/dapsone for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in young children: pharmacokinetics and therapeutic range
    P Winstanley
    Kenya Medical Research Institute KEMRI, CRC Research Unit, Kilifi, Kenya
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 91:322-7. 1997
    ..These data, together with the clinical trial, will be helpful in deciding whether current chlorproguanil/dapsone doses are optimal for the treatment of falciparum malaria...
  12. ncbi Improving malaria home treatment by training drug retailers in rural Kenya
    V M Marsh
    Kenya Medical Research Institute Wellcome Trust Collaborative Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
    Trop Med Int Health 9:451-60. 2004
    ..These findings strongly support the inclusion of private drug retailers in control strategies aiming to improve prompt effective treatment of malaria...
  13. ncbi Failure to respond to the surface of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes predicts susceptibility to clinical malaria amongst African children
    C L Mackintosh
    Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kilifi District Hospital, Kilifi, Kenya
    Int J Parasitol 38:1445-54. 2008
    ..Identification of this target will significantly aid understanding of naturally acquired immunity to clinical malaria amongst children in endemic areas...
  14. ncbi The selection landscape of malaria parasites
    M J Mackinnon
    Kenya Medical Research Institute Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Post Office Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
    Science 328:866-71. 2010
    ..Given the huge potential for malaria parasite evolution in the context of the recently renewed effort to eradicate malaria, a deeper understanding of P. falciparum adaptation is essential...
  15. ncbi Chloroquine is not a risk factor for seizures in childhood cerebral malaria
    J Crawley
    KEMRI Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
    Trop Med Int Health 5:860-4. 2000
    ..Our study was designed to investigate the relationship between blood levels of chloroquine (CQ), its metabolite desethylchloroquine (DCQ), and seizures in children admitted to hospital with cerebral malaria...
  16. ncbi Bacteraemia complicating severe malaria in children
    J Berkley
    Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 93:283-6. 1999
    ..We recommend that young children with severe malaria be treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics in addition to antimalarial drugs...
  17. ncbi Severe P. falciparum malaria in Kenyan children: evidence for hypovolaemia
    K Maitland
    Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Coast, KEMRI Wellcome Trust Unit, P O Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
    QJM 96:427-34. 2003
    ..The role of volume resuscitation in severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria is controversial...
  18. ncbi Diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis in children at a district hospital in sub-Saharan Africa
    J A Berkley
    Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
    Lancet 357:1753-7. 2001
    ..We have assessed the value of non-laboratory tests and incomplete laboratory data in diagnosing childhood acute bacterial meningitis in this setting...
  19. ncbi A randomised, controlled trial of once daily and multi-dose daily gentamicin in young Kenyan infants
    M English
    Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Coast, KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research Laboratories, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
    Arch Dis Child 89:665-9. 2004
    ..To test the suitability of a simple once daily (OD) gentamicin regimen for use in young infants where routine therapeutic drug monitoring is not possible...
  20. ncbi 'Even if they ask you to stand by a tree all day, you will have to do it (laughter)...!': community voices on the notion and practice of informed consent for biomedical research in developing countries
    C S Molyneux
    Kenya Medical Research Institute KEMRI, P O Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
    Soc Sci Med 61:443-54. 2005
    ..Although compliance with community views does not necessarily make the research more ethical, it is argued that community opinions on local issues and practices should inform ethical decision-making in health research...
  21. ncbi Cytokine mRNA expression and iron status in children living in a malaria endemic area
    A M Nyakeriga
    KEMRI Wellcome Trust Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Coast, Kilifi District Hospital, Kilifi, Kenya
    Scand J Immunol 61:370-5. 2005
    ..Furthermore, IL-10 mRNA was higher in parasite blood smear-positive children than in blood smear-negative children irrespective of their iron status. This study suggests that IL-4 expression by PBMC may be affected by iron status...
  22. ncbi Aetiology, outcome, and risk factors for mortality among adults with acute pneumonia in Kenya
    J A Scott
    Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
    Lancet 355:1225-30. 2000
    ..We did this study to define the aetiology of acute pneumonia, to estimate mortality at convalescence, and to analyse mortality risk-factors...
  23. ncbi Pharmacokinetics and anticonvulsant effects of diazepam in children with severe falciparum malaria and convulsions
    B R Ogutu
    Kenya Medical Research Institute KEMRI Wellcome Trust Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, PO Box 230 Kilifi, Kenya
    Br J Clin Pharmacol 53:49-57. 2002
    ..Accordingly, we carried out a comparative study of the pharmacokinetics of intravenous (i.v.) and rectal (p.r.) diazepam...
  24. ncbi Pre-transfusion management of children with severe malarial anaemia: a randomised controlled trial of intravascular volume expansion
    Kathryn Maitland
    The Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Coast, KEMRI, Kenya
    Br J Haematol 128:393-400. 2005
    ..The impact on mortality should be assessed where blood transfusion services are unable to supply emergency transfusions...
  25. ncbi Understanding of informed consent in a low-income setting: three case studies from the Kenyan Coast
    C S Molyneux
    Kenya Medical Research Institute, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
    Soc Sci Med 59:2547-59. 2004
    ..These themes and emerging recommendations are expected to be relevant to, and would benefit from, experiences and insights of researchers working elsewhere...
  26. ncbi Chlorproguanil-dapsone versus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for sequential episodes of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Kenya and Malawi: a randomised clinical trial
    J Sulo
    Centre for Geographical Medicine, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya
    Lancet 360:1136-43. 2002
    ..Treatment failure was more common with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. Cause of anaemia in Kenya was probably not adverse reaction to chlorproguanil-dapsone, but this observation requires further study...
  27. ncbi Prognostic indicators of early and late death in children admitted to district hospital in Kenya: cohort study
    J A Berkley
    KEMRI Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
    BMJ 326:361. 2003
    ..To identify clinical indicators of immediate, early, and late mortality in children at admission to a sub-Saharan district hospital and to develop prognostic scores...
  28. ncbi Electroencephalographic and clinical features of cerebral malaria
    J Crawley
    KEMRI Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
    Arch Dis Child 84:247-53. 2001
    ..We present the electroencephalographic (EEG) findings from a detailed clinical and electrophysiological study...
  29. ncbi Impaired uteroplacental blood flow in pregnancies complicated by falciparum malaria
    E K Dorman
    Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Geographical Medicine Research, Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
    Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 19:165-70. 2002
    ..We aimed to determine whether impaired uteroplacental blood flow might account for the low infant birth weight associated with maternal falciparum malaria infection...
  30. ncbi The haptoglobin 2-2 genotype is associated with a reduced incidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children on the coast of Kenya
    Sarah H Atkinson
    KEMRI Wellcome Trust Programme, Centre of Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi District Hospital, Kilifi, Kenya
    Clin Infect Dis 44:802-9. 2007
    ..The Hp2 allele is thought to have spread under strong selection pressure, but it is unclear whether this is due to protection from malaria or other diseases...
  31. ncbi Characterization of a Plasmodium falciparum macrophage-migration inhibitory factor homologue
    Damien V Cordery
    Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
    J Infect Dis 195:905-12. 2007
    ..The identification of a parasite homologue of MIF raised the question of whether it affects monocyte function in a manner similar to its human counterpart...
  32. ncbi The effect of alpha+-thalassaemia on the incidence of malaria and other diseases in children living on the coast of Kenya
    Sammy Wambua
    Kenya Medical Research Institute/Wellcome Trust Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kilifi District Hospital, Kilifi, Kenya
    PLoS Med 3:e158. 2006
    ....
  33. ncbi Low multiplication rates of African Plasmodium falciparum isolates and lack of association of multiplication rate and red blood cell selectivity with malaria virulence
    Anne Marie Deans
    Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 74:554-63. 2006
    ..This raises the possibility of differences in the mechanisms of malaria virulence between sub-Saharan Africa and Asia...
  34. ncbi Therapeutic potential of folate uptake inhibition in Plasmodium falciparum
    Alexis M Nzila
    Kenya Medical Research Institute Wellcome Trust Collaborative Research Program, Wellcome Trust Research Laboratories, PO Box 43640, Nairobi, Kenya
    Trends Parasitol 20:109-12. 2004
    ....
  35. ncbi Frequencies of peripheral blood myeloid cells in healthy Kenyan children with alpha+ thalassemia and the sickle cell trait
    Britta C Urban
    Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 74:578-84. 2006
    ....
  36. ncbi Early gamma interferon and interleukin-2 responses to vaccination predict the late resting memory in malaria-naïve and malaria-exposed individuals
    Philip Bejon
    Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Geographical Medical Research Coast, P O Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
    Infect Immun 74:6331-8. 2006
    ..This demonstrated that double-cytokine-producing cells were highly predictive of memory. This assay may be useful in predicting vaccinations most likely to generate stable, long-term memory responses...
  37. ncbi Expression of Plasmodium falciparum genes involved in erythrocyte invasion varies among isolates cultured directly from patients
    Susana Nery
    Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
    Mol Biochem Parasitol 149:208-15. 2006
    ..Groups II and III are, respectively, characterized by high levels of Rh2b and Rh4, and are more likely to be associated with sialic acid-independent invasion...
  38. ncbi Contrasting signatures of selection on the Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte binding antigen gene family
    Federica Verra
    Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
    Mol Biochem Parasitol 149:182-90. 2006
    ..Population expansion simulations were performed under a neutral model, further supporting the departures from neutrality of these genes...
  39. ncbi Development and optimization of high-throughput methods to measure Plasmodium falciparum-specific growth inhibitory antibodies
    Kristina E M Persson
    The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
    J Clin Microbiol 44:1665-73. 2006
    ..These methods should facilitate evaluation of vaccine trials and clinical studies of immunity and are also suitable for testing drugs and other compounds for antimalarial activity...
  40. ncbi A Mal functional variant is associated with protection against invasive pneumococcal disease, bacteremia, malaria and tuberculosis
    Chiea C Khor
    The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
    Nat Genet 39:523-8. 2007
    ..6 x 10(-8)). We found that the Mal S180L variant attenuated TLR2 signal transduction...
  41. ncbi Invasion pathways and malaria severity in Kenyan Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates
    Anne Marie Deans
    Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, King s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, UK
    Infect Immun 75:3014-20. 2007
    ..falciparum infections...
  42. ncbi Relationship between exposure, clinical malaria, and age in an area of changing transmission intensity
    Wendy P O'Meara
    Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 79:185-91. 2008
    ..However, the age group experiencing the clinical attacks of malaria increased steadily as exposure declined and may precede changes in the number of episodes in an area with declining transmission...
  43. ncbi Correlation of memory T cell responses against TRAP with protection from clinical malaria, and CD4 CD25 high T cells with susceptibility in Kenyans
    Stephen M Todryk
    Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Oxford University, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
    PLoS ONE 3:e2027. 2008
    ....
  44. ncbi Plasmodium falciparum antigenic variation. Mapping mosaic var gene sequences onto a network of shared, highly polymorphic sequence blocks
    Peter C Bull
    Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
    Mol Microbiol 68:1519-34. 2008
    ....
  45. ncbi Longitudinal analyses of immune responses to Plasmodium falciparum derived peptides corresponding to novel blood stage antigens in coastal Kenya
    George W Agak
    Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
    Vaccine 26:1963-71. 2008
    ..The current study substantiates further the potential of protein PFB0145c and also identifies protein PF11_0424 as another likely target of protective antibodies against P. falciparum malaria...
  46. ncbi Breadth and magnitude of antibody responses to multiple Plasmodium falciparum merozoite antigens are associated with protection from clinical malaria
    Faith H A Osier
    KEMRI Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Coast, P O Box 230 80108, Kilifi, Kenya
    Infect Immun 76:2240-8. 2008
    ....
  47. ncbi Variation in use of erythrocyte invasion pathways by Plasmodium falciparum mediates evasion of human inhibitory antibodies
    Kristina E M Persson
    The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
    J Clin Invest 118:342-51. 2008
    ..falciparum and that a broad inhibitory response against multiple ligands may be required for effective immunity...
  48. ncbi The decline in paediatric malaria admissions on the coast of Kenya
    Emelda A Okiro
    Malaria Public Health and Epidemiology Group, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P, O, Box 43640, 00100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya
    Malar J 6:151. 2007
    ..There is only limited information on the health impact of expanded coverage of malaria control and preventative strategies in Africa...
  49. ncbi Clearing asymptomatic parasitaemia increases the specificity of the definition of mild febrile malaria
    Philip Bejon
    Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Geographical Medicine Research Coast, Kenya
    Vaccine 25:8198-202. 2007
    ..In intervention studies with febrile malaria as an endpoint, clearing asymptomatic parasitaemia increases the study's power more effectively than raising the threshold parasitaemia...
  50. ncbi Haemoglobin C and S role in acquired immunity against Plasmodium falciparum malaria
    Federica Verra
    Dipartimento di Scienze di Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Parassitologia, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
    PLoS ONE 2:e978. 2007
    ..The enhanced immune reactivity in both HbC and HbS carriers supports the hypothesis that the protection against malaria of these adaptive genotypes might be at least partially mediated by acquired immunity against malaria...
  51. ncbi The induction and persistence of T cell IFN-gamma responses after vaccination or natural exposure is suppressed by Plasmodium falciparum
    Philip Bejon
    Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Geographical Medicine Research Coast Kilifi, Kenya
    J Immunol 179:4193-201. 2007
    ..Malaria may reduce the efficacy vaccinations such as bacillus Calmette-Guérin and investigational T cell-inducing vaccines, and may delay the acquisition of immunity following natural exposure to malaria and other pathogens...
  52. ncbi Defining childhood severe falciparum malaria for intervention studies
    Philip Bejon
    Kenya Medical Research Institute KEMRI Wellcome Trust Collaborative Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
    PLoS Med 4:e251. 2007
    ....
  53. ncbi Maternal HIV infection and placental malaria reduce transplacental antibody transfer and tetanus antibody levels in newborns in Kenya
    Phillippa Cumberland
    Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
    J Infect Dis 196:550-7. 2007
    ..We studied the effect of placental malaria and maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on placental transfer of antibodies to tetanus...
  54. ncbi Antibodies among men and children to placental-binding Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes that express var2csa
    James G Beeson
    Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Victoria 3050, Australia
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 77:22-8. 2007
    ..These findings have significant implications for understanding malaria pathogenesis and immunity and may be significant for understanding the acquisition of immunity to maternal malaria...
  55. ncbi IgG antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite antigens in Kenyan children have a short half-life
    Samson M Kinyanjui
    Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
    Malar J 6:82. 2007
    ..However, precise data on the kinetics of these responses is lacking...
  56. ncbi The frequency of BDCA3-positive dendritic cells is increased in the peripheral circulation of Kenyan children with severe malaria
    Britta C Urban
    Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Oxford OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom
    Infect Immun 74:6700-6. 2006
    ....
  57. ncbi Safety profile of the viral vectors of attenuated fowlpox strain FP9 and modified vaccinia virus Ankara recombinant for either of 2 preerythrocytic malaria antigens, ME-TRAP or the circumsporozoite protein, in children and adults in Kenya
    Philip Bejon
    Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Geographical Medical Research (Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
    Clin Infect Dis 42:1102-10. 2006
    ..These recombinant vectors appear to be safe and suitable for use in larger-scale studies of children in Africa and of HIV-positive individuals...
  58. ncbi Cellular reactivity to the p. Falciparum protein trap in adult kenyans: novel epitopes, complex cytokine patterns, and the impact of natural antigenic variation
    Katie L Flanagan
    Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 74:367-75. 2006
    ..They further define polymorphic variants able to boost specific Th1, Th2, and possibly Tr1 reactivity...
  59. ncbi The effects of untreated bednets on malaria infection and morbidity on the Kenyan coast
    Tabitha W Mwangi
    Kenya Medical Research Institute, CGMRC Wellcome Trust Collaborative Programme, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 97:369-72. 2003
    ..In the face of persistent failure of communities to take up net retreatment, there is hope that untreated nets will offer some protection against malaria infection and disease compared with not using nets at all...
  60. ncbi Iron deficiency and malaria among children living on the coast of Kenya
    Alice M Nyakeriga
    Kenya Medical Research Institute Wellcome Trust Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Coast, Kilifi District Hospital, Kenya
    J Infect Dis 190:439-47. 2004
    ..We conclude that iron deficiency was associated with protection from mild clinical malaria in our cohort of children in coastal Kenya and discuss possible mechanisms for this protection...
  61. ncbi The use of cryopreserved mature trophozoites in assessing antibody recognition of variant surface antigens of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes
    Samson M Kinyanjui
    Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, P.O. Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
    J Immunol Methods 288:9-18. 2004
    ..The use of cryopreserved mature trophozoites could help to circumvent the problems associated with recovery of cryopreserved ring trophozoites...
  62. ncbi Pathophysiology of severe malaria in children
    Kathryn Maitland
    The Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, KEMRI, Kenya, P O Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
    Acta Trop 90:131-40. 2004
    ..Current therapeutic challenges are discussed and research priorities are highlighted...
  63. ncbi Transient cross-reactive immune responses can orchestrate antigenic variation in malaria
    Mario Recker
    Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
    Nature 429:555-8. 2004
    ..Antigenic variation has always been seen as an adaptation of the parasite to evade host defence: we show that the coordination necessary for the success of this strategy might be provided by the host...
  64. ncbi Variant surface antigen-specific IgG and protection against clinical consequences of pregnancy-associated Plasmodium falciparum malaria
    Trine Staalsoe
    Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet) and Institute for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
    Lancet 363:283-9. 2004
    ..Our data indicate an important mechanism of clinical protection against malaria and raise hope for the clinical effectiveness of a potential VSA-based vaccine against pregnancy-associated malaria...
  65. ncbi Ex vivo interferon-gamma immune response to thrombospondin-related adhesive protein in coastal Kenyans: longevity and risk of Plasmodium falciparum infection
    Katie L Flanagan
    Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
    Am J Trop Med Hyg 68:421-30. 2003
    ..This study provides important information regarding natural reactivity to a key malaria antigen...
  66. ncbi Hypothetical performance of syndrome-based management of acute paediatric admissions of children aged more than 60 days in a Kenyan district hospital
    Mike English
    Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute Wellcome Trust Research Laboratories, Kilifi, Kenya
    Bull World Health Organ 81:166-73. 2003
    ....
  67. ncbi The consequences of reducing transmission of Plasmodium falciparum in Africa
    Robert W Snow
    Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
    Adv Parasitol 52:235-64. 2002
    ..However, at all levels of transmission the overall balance of benefits, including reduced load on families and health services from non-life-threatening malaria, favours the widespread introduction of ITNs in endemic areas of Africa...
  68. ncbi Acute bacterial meningitis in children admitted to a rural Kenyan hospital: increasing antibiotic resistance and outcome
    Isaiah Mwangi
    Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
    Pediatr Infect Dis J 21:1042-8. 2002
    ..CONCLUSION: ABM in rural Kenya is a severe illness with substantial mortality and morbidity. Prognosis could be improved by broadening the criteria for lumbar puncture and use of appropriate antibiotics...
  69. ncbi Plasmodium falciparum infections are associated with agglutinating antibodies to parasite-infected erythrocyte surface antigens among healthy Kenyan children
    Peter C Bull
    Kenya Medical Research Insitute KEMRI Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
    J Infect Dis 185:1688-91. 2002
    ....
  70. ncbi CD4 T cell responses to a variant antigen of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, erythrocyte membrane protein-1, in individuals living in malaria-endemic areas
    Catherine E M Allsopp
    Division of Parasitology, National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom
    J Infect Dis 185:812-9. 2002
    ....
  71. ncbi Induction of T helper type 1 and 2 responses to 19-kilodalton merozoite surface protein 1 in vaccinated healthy volunteers and adults naturally exposed to malaria
    Edwin A M Lee
    Molecular Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
    Infect Immun 70:1417-21. 2002
    ..These data suggest that epitope-specific naturally acquired MSP-1(19) immune responses in endemic populations can be boosted by vaccination...
  72. ncbi Intermittent preventive sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine treatment of primigravidae reduces levels of plasma immunoglobulin G, which protects against pregnancy-associated Plasmodium falciparum malaria
    Trine Staalsoe
    Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
    Infect Immun 72:5027-30. 2004
    ..Our data suggest that IPTp should be extended to women of all parities, in line with current World Health Organization recommendations...
  73. ncbi Protection against clinical malaria by heterologous immunoglobulin G antibodies against malaria-infected erythrocyte variant surface antigens requires interaction with asymptomatic infections
    Samson M Kinyanjui
    Kenya Medical Research Institute Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
    J Infect Dis 190:1527-33. 2004
    ..These results support previous findings and underline the importance of considering the parasitological status of study participants when examining the role that immune responses to VSAs and other malaria antigens play...
  74. ncbi Evidence for the involvement of VAR2CSA in pregnancy-associated malaria
    Ali Salanti
    Centre for Medical Parasitology, Dept of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Panum Institute 24 2, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
    J Exp Med 200:1197-203. 2004
    ....
  75. ncbi A polymorphism of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 is associated with a reduced incidence of nonmalarial febrile illness in Kenyan children
    Neil E Jenkins
    Kenya Medical Research Institute Wellcome Trust Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya
    Clin Infect Dis 41:1817-9. 2005
    ..We propose that ICAM-1(Kilifi) may be associated with reduced rates of tissue damage and of death due to sepsis...
  76. ncbi Heritability of malaria in Africa
    Margaret J Mackinnon
    School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
    PLoS Med 2:e340. 2005
    ..While many individual genes have been identified that confer protection against malaria, the overall impact of host genetics on malarial risk remains unknown...
  77. ncbi High levels of serum antibodies to merozoite surface protein 2 of Plasmodium falciparum are associated with reduced risk of clinical malaria in coastal Kenya
    Spencer D Polley
    Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
    Vaccine 24:4233-46. 2006
    ..falciparum populations and that MSP2 could be combined with other P. falciparum antigens to form a multi-component malaria vaccine...
  78. ncbi Progressive increase in antimicrobial resistance among invasive isolates of Haemophilus influenzae obtained from children admitted to a hospital in Kilifi, Kenya, from 1994 to 2002
    J Anthony G Scott
    Wellcome Trust Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, P O Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49:3021-4. 2005
    ..In Africa, the increasing cost of treating resistant infections supports economic arguments for prevention through conjugate H. influenzae type b immunization...
  79. ncbi Sickle cell trait and the risk of Plasmodium falciparum malaria and other childhood diseases
    Thomas N Williams
    Kenya Medical Research Institute Wellcome Trust Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Coast, Kilifi District Hospital, Kilifi, Kenya
    J Infect Dis 192:178-86. 2005
    ..Nevertheless, >50 years after this hypothesis was first proposed, the epidemiological description of the relationships between HbAS, malaria, and other common causes of child mortality remains incomplete...
  80. ncbi Comparative folate metabolism in humans and malaria parasites (part I): pointers for malaria treatment from cancer chemotherapy
    Alexis Nzila
    Kenya Medical Research Institute and Wellcome Trust Collaborative Research Program, Wellcome Trust Research Laboratories, PO Box 43640, Nairobi GPO 00100, Kenya
    Trends Parasitol 21:292-8. 2005
    ..We discuss how this information could lead to the identification of new targets in malaria parasites...
  81. ncbi An immune basis for malaria protection by the sickle cell trait
    Thomas N Williams
    Kenya Medical Research Institute, Wellcome Trust Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Coast, Kilifi District Hospital, Kilifi, Kenya
    PLoS Med 2:e128. 2005
    ....
  82. ncbi In vitro activities of 2,4-diaminoquinazoline and 2,4-diaminopteridine derivatives against Plasmodium falciparum
    Sheila Ommeh
    Kenya Medical Research Institute KEMRI Wellcome Trust Collaborative Research Program, Wellcome Trust Research Laboratories, P O Box 43640 GPO, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48:3711-4. 2004
    ..Further studies are warranted to assess the therapeutic potential of this combination in vivo...
  83. ncbi B cell memory to 3 Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage antigens in a malaria-endemic area
    Jeffrey R Dorfman
    Kenya Medical Research Institute, Wellcome Trust Research Laboratories, Kilifi, Kenya
    J Infect Dis 191:1623-30. 2005
    ....
  84. ncbi Use of clinical syndromes to target antibiotic prescribing in seriously ill children in malaria endemic area: observational study
    James A Berkley
    Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, PO Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya
    BMJ 330:995. 2005
    ..To determine how well antibiotic treatment is targeted by simple clinical syndromes and to what extent drug resistance threatens affordable antibiotics...
  85. ncbi Bacteremia among children admitted to a rural hospital in Kenya
    James A Berkley
    Centre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
    N Engl J Med 352:39-47. 2005
    ..We studied every acute pediatric admission to a rural district hospital in Kenya to examine the prevalence, incidence, types, and outcome of community-acquired bacteremia...
  86. ncbi Malaria and nutritional status in children living on the coast of Kenya
    Alice M Nyakeriga
    KEMRI Wellcome Trust Program, Center for Geographic Medicine Research, Coast, Kilifi District Hospital, Kilifi, Kenya
    Am J Clin Nutr 80:1604-10. 2004
    ..The relation between malnutrition and malaria is controversial. On the one hand, malaria may cause malnutrition, whereas on the other hand, malnutrition itself may modulate susceptibility to the disease...
  87. ncbi Human antibodies to recombinant protein constructs of Plasmodium falciparum Apical Membrane Antigen 1 (AMA1) and their associations with protection from malaria
    Spencer D Polley
    Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
    Vaccine 23:718-28. 2004
    ..Results encourage the development of an AMA1 vaccine based on the full-length ectodomain, and indicate that the function of human antibodies to allele-specific and conserved epitopes in AMA1 should be studied further...
  88. ncbi The role of antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum-infected-erythrocyte surface antigens in naturally acquired immunity to malaria
    Peter C Bull
    Trends Microbiol 10:55-8. 2002
    ....