T Jefferson

..Editors of specialist and general medical journals should agree on and enforce common explicit guidelines for study conduct and reporting, following the example of the British Medical Journal...

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..05 [1.25-3.38]). We found no evidence that aluminium salts in vaccines cause any serious or long-lasting adverse events. Despite a lack of good-quality evidence we do not recommend that any further research on this topic is undertaken...

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..As the yearly levels of circulating A and B viruses are difficult to predict during the decision time for a vaccination campaign, there is a considerable element of uncertainty regarding the likely effectiveness of 'this year's' vaccine...

..We aimed to assess evidence of efficacy and effectiveness of live attenuated and inactivated influenza vaccines in children up to 16 years of age...

..The evidence of adverse events following immunization with MMR cannot be separated from its role in preventing the target diseases...

..To assess the efficacy and safety of whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccines administered to children singly or within diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP) vaccines...

..Influenza vaccination of elderly individuals is recommended worldwide. Our aim was to review the evidence of efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccines in individuals aged 65 years or older...

..Use of antivirals is recommended for the control of seasonal and pandemic influenza. Our aim was to review the evidence of efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of registered antivirals against naturally occurring influenza in healthy adults...

..The availability of subsequent negative association studies provided further reassurance. It is essential to rely on well-conducted systematic reviews to produce valid and reliable estimates of the risk-benefit profile...

..The use of economic logic can also be applied to prioritize research into vaccines, both on the basis of ability of the target population to benefit and of the availability of good quality evidence...

..Additionally, they can be used to focus clinical trial questions and provide strategic insight regarding the state-of-the-art knowledge of effects and economics of compounds in a specific field...

..Editorial peer review is widely used to select submissions to journals for publication and is presumed to improve their usefulness. Sufficient research on peer review has been published to consider a synthesis of its effects...

..Viral epidemics or pandemics of acute respiratory infections like influenza or severe acute respiratory syndrome pose a world-wide threat. Antiviral drugs and vaccinations may be insufficient to prevent catastrophe...

..Neuraminidase inhibitors (NI) are recommended for use against influenza and its complications in inter-pandemic years and during pandemics...

..To explore the relation between study concordance, take home message, funding, and dissemination of comparative studies assessing the effects of influenza vaccines...

..Standardizing both the indexing of adverse event data on electronic libraries and their reporting would improve the potential of systematic reviews of vaccine to draw accurate conclusions about the safety of a vaccine...

..Overall, doctors' attitude in prescribing is generally coherent with Italian Guidelines on ILI even though a high variability still persists...

..To assess the effectiveness and safety of immune globulins in preventing infectious hepatitis and hepatitis A...

..We assessed the effectiveness of different strategies for the implementation of an evidence-based guideline for the management of non-complicated type 2 diabetes among General Practitioners (GPs) of Lazio region...

..The research needed to understand the broader effects of peer review poses many methodologic problems and would require the cooperation of many parts of the scientific community...

..Measures taken by the research community to address the issue included the promulgation of guidelines and the publicizing of good practice in economic evaluation...

..Emergency Clinical Pathways (ECP) for stroke have never been tested in randomized controlled trials (RCTs)...

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..Comparability requires the availability of standardized case definitions for adverse events following immunization (AEFI) and guidelines for case determination, recording and data presentation...

..The method we have proposed can be applied in every area of the world, especially in rural areas. Finally, an Internet-shared database of uncommon clinical pictures with critically appraised topics could be useful in saving more time...

..In view of the continued increase in the number of hadron (i.e. neutron, proton and light or heavy ion) therapy (HT) centres we performed a systematic literature review to identify reports of the efficacy of HT...

..Training of ED pediatricians in the application of a specific CPG may result in a substantial decrease of the admission rate and of inappropriate admissions...