Shumpei Yokota

..To establish a treatment strategy for acute encephalopathy and encephalitis associated with influenza virus infection, the pathophysiology of the disease was investigated through manifestations and laboratory findings of patients...

..This guidance describes the use of canakinumab in Japan for CAPS in relation to exclusion criteria, method of use, evaluation criteria, and adverse drug reactions...

..The guidance presented here define the indications, exclusion criteria, usage, and evaluation criteria of adalimumab for the treatment of polyarticular JIA...

..08 mg/dL. Recent examination by whole-body 18F-FDG-PET-CT over the 15 months of thalidomide treatment demonstrated fewer hot spots around the subcutaneous calcified lesions...

..Furthermore, longitudinal growth of the femur and tibia was identified during 20 months of observation...

..Recent studies strongly suggest that some respiratory viruses are associated with the induction of acute wheezing and/or exacerbation of bronchial asthma. However, molecular epidemiology of these viruses is not exactly known...

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..The guidelines presented here define the indications, exclusion criteria, usage, and evaluation criteria of etanercept for the treatment of polyarticular JIA...

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..Thus, tocilizumab is generally safe and well tolerated. It might be a suitable treatment in the control of this disorder, which has so far been difficult to manage...

..A confirmation of the role of tocilizumab in the treatment of sJIA will be provided by the results of the ongoing phase III study in Japan...

..MRA could be a therapeutic modality for children with systemic-onset JIA intractable to high-dose corticosteroids...

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..Finally, we hope that this guidance will trigger exploration for further information by referring to the textbooks and literature listed at the end of these guidelines...

..Thus, mizoribine is superior to azathioprine, in that it may not cause damages to normal cells and normal nucleic acid...

..We investigated the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab, an anti-interleukin-6-receptor monoclonal antibody, in children with this disorder...

..Accordingly, IL-15 might have an inhibitory effect on the physiologic vascular remodeling processes in closing the DA...

..The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of etanercept in Japanese children with JIA...

..IRF5 acts as a master transcription factor in the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We assessed associations of IRF5 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to secondary HLH...

..CNIs are substrates for CYP3A5 and P-glycoprotein (P-gp), encoded by ABCB1 gene. In the present study, we hypothesized that genetic variability in CYP3A5 and ABCB1 genes may be associated with CNI-related neurotoxicity...

..The aim of the present study was to compare the value of measuring neonatal urinary beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)-MG) levels with fetal blood interleukin (IL)-6 levels in premature infants at risk of developing CLD...

..In conclusion, the combination of immunosuppressants and IVCY appeared to offer great benefits in childhood systemic lupus erythematosus...

..We suggest a combination of pulse mPSL and IVCY is effective for the patients who are suffering with severe lupus nephritis complicated with the other collagen diseases...

..In conclusion, tocilizumab showed early and sustained efficacy and tolerability for treating intractable pJIA, which suggests that it is a promising new treatment for this disease...

..It also merits attention that the maximum dose (10 mg/m2) was set on the basis of pharmacokinetic data from children, rather than relying on the dosing method and dose for adults...

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..Impaired oxidative burst of neutrophils may be one risk factor for infections in children with ALL, especially in the initial periods of treatment...

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..Our treatment of this patient shows that treatment with MZR can allow steroid sparing and prevent recurrence in a patient with sarcoidosis...

..In order to predict the late-development of chronic lung disease of prematurity (CLD), cytokines in the cord blood were assessed in this study...

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..We investigated whether several polymorphisms within the methotrexate (MTX) pathway genes were related to the toxicity and efficacy of MTX in 92 Japanese patients with articular-type juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)...

..We also found an association between HLA-DRB1(*)04:05 and polyarticular JIA. Thus, clinical subtypes of JIA can be classified by the presence of the specific HLA alleles, HLA-A(*)02:06 and DRB1(*)04:05...

..The purpose of the present study is to investigate changes of serum soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 levels over time in infants with chronic lung disease...

..Our aim was to assess associations of IRF5 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to systemic JIA and MAS...

..We conducted a study to elucidate the association between TLR9 and LN in childhood-onset SLE...

..The histology of liver biopsy specimen was useful for the diagnosis of AIH in such a difficult case needed to be differentiated from EBV hepatitis...

..We further observed that their total skin score was decreasing while the clinical manifestations improved...

..The dermal symptoms improved, and it was possible to maintain a state of remission...

..The cutaneous lesions gradually improved after continuous administration of CAM. Cutaneous NTM infection is rare, but it may occur in immunocompromised patients after SCT...

..22-1.8 microg/ml and 0.57-3.6 ng/ml, respectively. This cell line panel offers an in vitro model for the development of new therapies for childhood BCP-ALL...

..However, combination therapy with DMF and other anticancer drugs is not recommended...

..It is suggested that the urinary β(2)-MG level during the early postnatal period can identify prenatal inflammation...

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..She has been in complete remission for 1 year after transplantation. This case illustrates that CBT can provide a potent graft versus leukemia (GVL) effect against JMML...

..The aim of the present study was to assess the usefulness of QFT-2G as an indicator, both for diagnosing childhood TB and for assessing therapeutic effectiveness...

..In pediatric patients with polyarticular JIA in Japan, adalimumab was safe and effective for reducing disease activity for up to 60 weeks...

..Plasma exchange (PE) was available as a rescue therapy for patients refractory to infliximab...

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..Consequently, IVCY is now available for the treatment of both childhood and adult rheumatic diseases in general...

..The detection of plasma cytochrome c levels may be a useful clinical tool for the detection of apoptosis in vivo...

..Recently, IL-1Ra was reported to be effective for these children. Moreover, tocilizumab, anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antiboby developed in Japan, was revealed to be effective and safe...

..The present study indicates that MVA-mediated alteration in gene profile was associated with early structural maturation of DA, although MVA-mediated maturation may differ from normal vascular remodeling of DA...

..HLA typing was performed and the siblings were noted to have the same haplotype; A(*)0207, A(*)2402, B(*)4601, B(*)5201, B(*)5201, Cw(*)0102, Cw(*)1202, DRB1(*)0101, DRB1(*)0803...

..We reported a case of childhood SLE complicated with lupus cystitis and successfully treated by IVCY-pulse therapy and maintenance predonisolone and azathioprin...

..Guidelines, derived mainly from the current literature and recent experiences with CAEBV in Japan, for diagnosing CAEBV are proposed to clarify this enigmatic disease...

..Infliximab would be a good choice for adolescent patients with TA refractory to conventional treatments. However, we should carefully monitor safety and efficacy of this agent considering its peculiarity...

..Further study will be necessary to elucidate the mechanism of HO-1 production and to clarify the role of HO-1 in the disease process...

..In both these cases, the results suggest that using PBSC as a stem cell source and abrupt cessation of GVHD prophylaxis provided a potent graft-versus-leukemia effect...

..In both cases, plasma exchange may have reduced the risk of coronary artery lesions and proved effective against acute heart failure with catecholamine-refractory shock; yet the mechanism of this improvement remains unclear...

..This is the first case in which homozygosity for the mutation of the MVK gene has been reported in an Asian patient, and indicated a need for differentiation...

..The aim of the present study was to investigate the current conditions of psychological support for the families of children who died suddenly of disease or accident...

..The revised criteria is useful for diagnosis of SS in early stage before the development of exocrine gland damage and appears to be helpful for long term follow-up in childhood-onset SLE associated with SS...

..Functional ability, as assessed by the CHAQ, may not be the main consideration of sJIA patients' parents when assessing their child's status...

..BSO up-regulated Bcl-2 protein, and antagonized the anti-ALL effect of prednisolone in BSO-resistant cells. A lack of mitochondrial death-signal activation by oxidative stress seemed to be associated with BSO-resistance in ALL...

..The effectiveness of the BVL regimen requires further study...

..To investigate HLA molecules and genes in Japanese patients with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM)...

..PE should be performed at an early stage, as soon as fractional increases in inflammatory markers are found after IVGG therapy...

..These data suggested new applications of CpG-ODN as adjuvants in DPT vaccine...

..We studied the real state of this strategy...

..Therefore, we have been attempting to improve the maintenance therapy of child-onset SLE...

..This is the first report of encephalopathy potentially caused by norovirus as indicated by the presence of the virus genome in CSF...

..B19 DNA disappeared from the serum 2 months after BMT, suggesting that a normal immune response was restored by BMT and terminated the B19 viremia. During BMT, use of high-titer IVIg for B19 might prevent B19-associated organ failure...

..To describe a case of hemimegalencephaly misdiagnosed prenatally...

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..The clinical validity of (18)F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) has not been evaluated in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)...

..Our findings suggest that ROS play a significant role in the antileukemia effect of 4-HPR and that the glutathione level in leukemias may be associated the sensitivity of the cells to 4-HPR...

..We propose that an elevated urinary beta(2)-MG can indicate a fetal inflammatory response and identify neonates at risk for the development of CLD...

..In our patient, cerebral hypoperfusion might have been associated with his mental problems, physical problems, and delayed development of speech...

..Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory and immuno-modulatory effects, recently attributed to statins, may also have been involved in the improvement experienced by our patient...

..He has not suffered a relapse of TMA or an allograft rejection for 4 years. IVIG might be an option for some patients with TMA of unknown etiology refractory to conventional treatment...

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..We experienced carbamazepine-induced HS in a 14-year-old boy, who had cefaclor-induced cutaneous eruptions 15 months later. To clarify the mechanisms of HS and the differences between two diseases we studied this case in detail...

..We examined the histopathological characteristics of juvenile MCTD nephritis, the importance of renal biopsy and the implications of hypocomplementemia in our patients and reported cases of MCTD...

..This case suggests that (a) insufficient insulin secretion started at least from the second trimester of the pregnancy; (b) the duration needed for recovery of insulin secretion was not dependent on the maturity...

..Results suggest that this outbreak was food borne. The molecular biology-based epidemiological techniques used in this study were useful in characterizing the causal agent in this food-borne epidemic...

..Recently, we experienced a sporadic case of typical HUS caused by Stx-producing E. coli O157:H7 and detected, at the prodromal stage, a high level of serum fibrin/fibrinogen degradation product-E (FDP-E) fraction...

..Furthermore, this case demonstrates that caution must be observed in administering rIFN-gamma to genetically predisposed patients...

..We recommend that healthcare providers should be examined for MRSA if an MRSA epidemic occurs in a hospital. The families of any such carriers should also be examined for MRSA...

..The genotyping of clinically isolated Hib strains may help to elucidate transmission routes in community infections, endemicity, and the reasons for vaccine failure...

..This case might contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology of HS...

..To evaluate the effects of glutamine concentrations, cell growth, GSH levels, oxidative stress, and chemosensitivity were evaluated in neuroblastoma cell lines...

..The disruption of blood-brain barrier progresses to the systemic cytokine storm, resulting in DIC and MOF...

..Basic science will help us to save the children, and clinical science also will promote the basic science in turn...