Tomoyoshi Kondo

..Understanding the mechanism of DDS may help in the development of this type of approach...

..From these results, it can be speculated that levodopa exerts some neuroprotective effects as long as the dose is not excessively high...

..To examine the mechanisms underlying the anti-tremor effect of zonisamide in rats under conditions of tacrine-induced tremulous jaw movements (TJMs)...

..We conclude that activation of EphA receptor-mediated signaling by clustered ephrin-A1-Fc from within the lateral ventricle could potentially be utilized in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease...

..8%. The incidence of extrapyramidal signs is more frequent than expected by chance, suggesting that the degeneration of basal ganglia and/or substantia nigra may not be so rare in ALS...

..This is the first report of skin changes in animal models similar to those of ALS. We speculate that environmental factors such as chronic low-Ca/Mg high-Al condition play some causative role in the pathogenesis of Kii-ALS...

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..This might also implicate that Lewy body formation in the DMV in PD is possibly related to peroral invasion of environmental toxins that inhibit ubiquitin-proteasome system function...

..To study the effect of zonisamide on experimental tremors in rats...

..Bulbar palsy onset and age at onset were expected as predictors of the survival rate...

..Neuroprotective and/or neurotoxic effects of microglia on motor neurons should be further studied...

..These results reveal that intrastriatal proteasome inhibition sufficiently induces retrograde dopaminergic neuronal degeneration with abundant accumulation of alpha-synuclein in the SN...

..Recognition of these species-specific differences in the response of the olivocerebellar system to harmaline is an important consideration for experimental analysis of the rodent model of tremors...

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..In patients with MSA, disproportionate antecollis is common before levodopa treatment, and levodopa induced off-dystonia of his trunk is very rare...

..A more detailed random examination should be carried out...

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..Reversible cerebral atrophy (pseudoatrophy) is observable in patients with anorexia nervosa. However, it is extremely rare to see marked cerebellar atrophy...

..However, a high incidence of ALS persisted among males in Wakayama prefecture, especially in the Kozagawa and Koza areas. Some environmental factors and gender specificity may be related to the decreased incidence of ALS in focus areas...

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..Further study of the correlation between RyR and FKBP12 should contribute to clarifying the mechanisms of neurodegeneration in MND, including calcium-induced neuronal loss...

..Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a diffuse leukoencephalopathy. Six months after the initiation of methylcobalamin therapy, there were clinical improvement and reduction in the MRI abnormalities...

..Since dopamine is closely involved in acquisition of food preferences, dietary changes with/without compulsive eating may be a manifestation of an alteration of appetitive behaviors due to excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission...

..Since TCS and MIBG myocardial scintigraphy can distinctively detect PD-related pathological phenomenon, it is expected that the combination of these tests could contribute to an accurate diagnosis of PD...

..The cortical T2-low signal intensity in MSA might reflect the spread of degenerative processes in the cortex...

..We thus developed a linguistically validated Japanese version of the WOQ-19 and the WOQ-9. (Received: February 3, 2011, Accepted: March 29, 2011)...

..Although white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are prevalent in the elderly, the clinical significance and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of WMHs in neurodegenerative disorders have not been fully clarified...

..A dose-dependent decrease in DA level was observed, indicating that DA level in selegiline-treated rats can be controlled by L-DOPA dose...

..The present results suggest that T-type calcium channels in the CNS may be a suitable target for developing new therapeutic strategies for treating parkinsonian tremor...

..54, 95% CI 0.30-0.98). In conclusion, CS/SSM, surgical treatment for CS/SSM and occupation at onset are suspected to be risk factors for developing/triggering or worsening ALS...

..A controlled trial of this drug in the future would be valuable...

..After treatment with trihexiphenizil, she had improvement of motor abnormalities and worsened parkinsonism. It is important to recognize that donepezil may induce catatonia on the patients of parkinsonism with severe dementia...

..Although the pathophysiological mechanism underlying the hair loss is unclear, hair loss may be possibly overlooked, and should be noted as a possible side effect of the dopaminergic therapy...

..Clarifying the role of genetic susceptibility in pathophysiological mechanisms underlying hemifacial spasm is an important approach toward better understanding of the pathogenesis of cranial rhizopathies...

..Another speculation is that abnormal afferent input from the paralyzed side contributes to the abnormal sensitization of the blink reflex, thereby facilitating the induction of abnormal facial motor outputs such as blepharospasm...

..Based on both basic and clinical studies, the possibility is emerging that T-type calcium channel blockers that transit into the central nervous system may have therapeutic potentials for tremor disorders...

..Although hiccups may be a non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD), they have attracted little research attention to date...

..Although the patient's conditions should be considered in the selsction of a drug, DA agonist therapy is recommended as the initial therapy for Parkinson's disease...

..From symptomatological as well as genetic aspects, FEME has been suggested to be heterogeneous. We propose that this unique akinetorigid attack might be a new clinical phenotype of FEME...

..Thus, we have concluded that a simple nuclear localization of GAPDH does not induce apoptosis, and that MPP+-induced apoptosis is not caused by nuclear translocation of GAPDH...

..We briefly review data regarding the clinical significance of these functional imaging studies in the diagnosis of PD, and discuss the diagnostic potential of the combining TCS of the SN with other functional imaging tools...

..It is clinically important to recognize that the lateral caudal medullary infarction appears without signs and symptoms of lower cranial nerve palsies commonly involved in Wallenberg syndrome...

..Appropriate diagnosis and commencing adequate treatment are needed for a good prognosis; thus, neurosyphilis should be included in the differential diagnosis of mesiotemporal magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities...

..We hope that this model will be useful in developing a disease modifying therapy of Parkinson's disease...

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..It is speculated that the decrease in FKBP12 (N-19) plays some causative role in the development of neurodegeneration in MND. Further investigation of FKBP12 and ligands may help elucidate the pathogenesis of MND...

..Therefore, the schizophrenic symptoms, association of which with SCA 6 has previously reported in a few cases, may represent rare clinical features of the channelopathy associated with the mutation in the CACNA1A gene...

..Environmental factors such as a low-Ca/Mg high Al exposure might be one of the risk factors for the development of neuronal degeneration of ALS in the Kii Peninsula...

..Although the pathogenic backgrounds underlying IBM are likely heterogeneous, an autoimmune-mediated mechanism may be related to the pathogenesis of IBM in the present patient...

..Although the pathophysiological relationship between primary writing tremor and writer's cramp are unclear, the unique characters of this tremor may suggest that a focal task-specific tremor and essential tremor can co-exist...

..In the PD patients, there was no correlation between the FAB scores and their age or duration of the illness. The FAB is likely to be useful and convenient battery for assessing frontal lobe function at bedside in the PD patients...

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..Administration of a beta-blocker and consumption of small amount of alcohol could effectively improve the tremor, possibly suggesting that this type of tremor might be a clinical variant of essential tremor...

..No adverse event was observed. Levodopa-without-DCI-therapy was effective for controlling motor fluctuation in patients of Parkinson's disease in advanced stages...

..58 (95%CI 0.40-0.96) for polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Our findings suggest that high intakes of carbohydrate and low intakes of fat and some kinds of fatty acids may, when combined, increased the risk of ALS...

..In conclusion, both entacapone 100 and 200 mg were equally effective in increasing on time of PD patients with wearing-off fluctuations, although the safety and tolerability profile appeared more favorable for the 100-mg dose...

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..However, TCS of the SN has not been applied in Japanese patients, and its clinical potential has not been determined...

..The results showed that ropinirole was more effective than placebo in improving motor function and ADL when used as an adjunct to levodopa in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease...

..This finding suggests that, in addition to any suppression of the progression of symptoms, psychological intervention may also be effective in enhancing the HRQL of patients with PD...

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..A plain-language explanation manual of the PGL for PD patients, if published, would be helpful to the patients' understanding of PD therapy and to building cooperation between patients and physicians...

..This study may assure tolerability of selegiline hydrochloride in a long-term treatment of Parkinson's disease patients...

..To determine the frequency, distribution, and clinical features of Parkinson disease (PD) with PINK1 mutations...

..Results of comparison of PDQ-39 with other scales of the QOL such as NAS-J suggest the possibility that acceptance of the disease and feelings of self-achievement improve the QOL of patients with Parkinson's disease...