Hajime Sato

..In addition to the main topics in the field, empirical studies, from Japan or from other countries, are also summarized. Finally, future research needs and expectations are addressed...

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..Finally, the paper discusses some of the future agendas on this issue...

..This study examines the public acceptance of smallpox vaccinations in the event of a terrorist attack using smallpox. The article also provides public health professionals with the information necessary for such smallpox management...

..To make policies reflective of scientific knowledge, it is essential to understand and foresee the effect of policy legacy, when introducing and appraising public health policies...

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..In the mid-1980s, the public tobacco monopoly was privatized and the tobacco market was liberalized in Japan. This study examines whether the trends in smoking prevalence changed at the time of these market changes...

..Public health professionals, as well as physicians and government officials, should also be well equipped with all information necessary for appropriate and effective smallpox management in the face of such a bioterrorism attack...

..Consequently, they have been mostly ineffective in decreasing the prevalence of smoking among the populace. Clearly, leadership by the health ministry coupled with political support are the key to advancing effective smoking control...

..It was in 1985 when the Act was abolished. Provision of long-term care for new patients at the Center was terminated finally in 1997...

..Appraisals of these guidelines were obtained from academic societies, institutional review boards (IRBs) of hospitals, and ethics committees (ECs) at medical schools nationwide...

..The role of alcohol consumption in insulin resistance remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the association between alcohol consumption and insulin resistance in a large asymptomatic population...

..Only one patient died of heart failure, suggesting that cardiac surgery was effective in preventing heart failure-related death...

..Metabolic syndrome comprises a cluster of metabolic abnormalities leading to insulin resistance and atherosclerosis, and Helicobacter pylori is thought to be a contributing factor...

..We undertook this study, with a large sample size, to investigate risk factors for endoscopic erosive esophagitis by multivariate analysis, including visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) as covariates...

..On the other hand, public involvement is required if effective policy is to be developed and accepted...

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..Liver-protective effects of light-to-moderate alcohol consumption have been suggested...

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..The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics and developments of ethics committees established at medical schools and general hospitals in Japan...

..Based on these results, we conclude that the functional and health status of women RA patients could worsen due to the consequences of a natural disaster, with a disproportionately large impact upon those with a poorer functional status...

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..The effectiveness of blood conservation measures for thoracic aortic operations with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest has not yet been documented...

..The purpose of this study is to evaluate the possibility of identifying critical segmental arteries (CSAs) based on Doppler ultrasonographic hemodynamics...

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..Multivariate analysis revealed two significant factors: duration of diarrhea (P<0.001) and age at onset (P<0.01). Chronic active disease is a risk factor for colorectal cancer or dysplasia in extensive and longstanding UC...

..The aims of this study are to describe the prevalence of the interruption of medication among the outpatients in the flood-affected area and to determine the risk and preventive factors for the interruption of medication...

..Neurocognitive outcome in patients undergoing thoracic aortic surgery using retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP) remains uncertain...

..To control pertussis, booster vaccination with diphtheria toxoid-tetanus toxoid-acellular pertussis vaccine in adults should be considered...

..Insulin resistance is the pathophysiologic background of the clinical features of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. We examined the association between H. pylori infection and insulin resistance in a large Japanese population...

..Therefore, we suggest that this approach is a treatment option for cardiac lesions associated with these trisomies. These data are helpful for clinicians and families to consider in the optimal treatment of patients with these trisomies...

..Such a hysteresis pattern for QTprolongation might be caused, therefore, mainly by the delayed disposition of FK506 to ventricular myocytes...

..In conclusion, a subset of MG patients who have severe neuromuscular symptoms and thymoma develop AA several years after thymectomy...

..Continuous administration of tacrolimus might be more advantageous than the intermittent method to reduce the intracerebral concentration and neurotoxicity...

..It may be necessary to take Hct into consideration in the FK506 dosing regimen, especially when the Hct is low...

..However, this approach cannot be performed for all patients because of the small "xiphoid window." We analyzed the factors limiting this approach to determine the best factor predicting risk...

..Safety behaviours in pesticide use in male and female tobacco-growing farmers are discussed in the light of these findings...

..The possible onset of pure red-cell aplasia after thymectomy should be kept in mind during follow-up...

..Prolonged RCP of 60 min or more in patients undergoing surgery of the thoracic aorta was associated with postoperative neurocognitive impairment...

..5 micromol/l and 5 micromol/l, respectively. This study confirms that ciclesonide is converted to des-CIC in nasal mucosal homogenates without any marked differences among animal species...

..9 were significant predisposing factors for stroke. Patients with CVD and co-existing atherothrombotic diseases had a high risk of recurrent events, including events arising in other vascular beds than originally diagnosed...

..However, there was no significant difference in the comminuting ability test. These results suggested that working side contacts between artificial teeth and opposite natural teeth influenced mixing ability, but not comminuting ability...

..For elderly patients with multiorgan dysfunction, however, less invasive procedures might be more appropriate...

..Moreover, the PaO2/FiO2 ratio may be a useful predictor of delayed extubation in patients undergoing CABG...

..To investigate whether menopausal state, body composition and lifestyle factors influence total and regional bone mineral density in overweight Japanese women...

..This study discovered that IgA antibody to Chlamydia was significantly associated with CAD, especially with MI, in Japanese Men and the findings suggest that chronic infection of Chlamydia may be linked to the pathogenesis of MI...

..The contribution index of logP was approximately 50% in the prediction of Ef, suggesting that lipophilicity among physicochemical properties contributes most of the promoting activity of these compounds...

..In the present study we investigated a possible association between the C(-260)-->T polymorphism in the CD14 promoter and the occurrence of symptomatic ischemic cerebrovascular disease (CVD)...

..Thus, in addition to its antihypertensive actions, guanabenz may help to reduce the risk of vascular accidents, which frequently occur in the morning...

..This assignment is the first report on the location of a gene of the rat UGT1 complex using high-resolution banded metaphase chromosomes...

..Some of the convergent neurons that receive both canal and otolith input may contribute to the short-latency pathway of the vestibulocollic reflex. The functional significance of these convergences is discussed...

..Thus, it is speculated that airway epithelial damage and effects on ciliostatic function induced by the organism are primarily involved in the pathogenesis...

..Neither idebenone (10 mg/kg) nor nicergoline (10 mg/kg) showed significant changes in survival duration. These findings suggest that LS-121, either with or without BI, could improve cerebrovascular disorders induced by hypoxia...

..Allele frequencies for nine short tandem repeats (STR) loci: D3S1358, vWA, FGA, TH01, TPOX, CSF1PO, D5S818, D13S317 and D7S820 were determined in a Japanese population using the AmpFlSTR Profiler PCR amplification kit (Applied biosystems)...

..To describe the clinical and genetic characteristics of three Japanese families with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP) associated with mutations in the PRPF31 gene...

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..To characterize the clinical features of two Japanese families with choroideremia associated with a 402delT and a 555-556delAG mutation in the choroideremia gene (CHM)...

..To characterize the clinical features of a Japanese family with cone-rod dystrophy associated with a novel 615delC mutation in the cone-rod homeobox (CRX) gene...

..The priming volume of our system is down to 140 mL for patients weighing less than 7 kg. We can prime the bypass circuits without blood products for patients weighing more than 4 kg...

..To determine the frequency and kinds of mutations in the RP1 gene, and to characterize the clinical features of a Japanese family with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP) with a novel 2336 to 2337delCT mutation in the RP1 gene...

..The results of the present study indicate that PGA-producing strains isolated from local natto in Asian countries and soil in Japan can be divided into two species, B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens...

..To determine the clinical features of a Japanese family with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP) associated with a Thr494Met mutation in the HPRP3 gene...

..Therefore, the existence of such alleles must be given some consideration when predicting phenotype based on genotype...

..The use of an objective measure of hair form will be especially useful for Japanese head hairs since they are generally thought to show very limited variation in morphological features...

..02, P=0.001) most affected the MVT (days). The miniaturized circuits reduced the peri-operative inflammatory response, resulting in reduced postoperative systemic edema, and postoperative mechanical ventilation time...