A Kato

..On the other hand, although l-allo-DNJ is a moderate inhibitor of alpha-mannosidase (IC(50) = 64 microM), it may become a key compound for the drug design of potential therapeutic agents for alpha-mannosidosis...

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..1,5-AG therefore represents a new class of promising functional sweeteners, where the daily consumption of 1,5-AG with meals could inhibit the progress of hyperglycemia and metabolic syndrome...

..It is noteworthy that the effective dose was about 10-fold lower than that for miglitol. α-1-C-Butyl-LAB therefore represents a new class of promising compounds that can improve postprandial hyperglycemia...

..These results suggested that it would contribute to the protection against or improvement of diabetic complications for a dietary supplement of ginger or its extract containing aldose reductase inhibitors...

..Furthermore, rhetsinine inhibited sorbitol accumulation by 79.3% at 100 microM. These results suggested that the E. rutaecarpa derived component, rhetsinine, would be potentially useful in the treatment of diabetic complications...

..2 and 68.7 microM, respectively. These results suggested that as a group of novel GP inhibitors, flavonoids have potential to contribute to the protection or improvement of control of diabetes type II...

..These results clearly suggested that daily consumption of chamomile tea with meals could contribute to the prevention of the progress of hyperglycemia and diabetic complications...

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..These results provide an insight into the structural requirements of isofagomine isomers for developing a new type of pharmacological chaperone for Gaucher disease...

..Furthermore, compound 15 clearly suppressed galactitol accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. These results provide an insight into the structural requirements of coumarins for developing a new-type of selective ALR2 inhibitor...

..Alkaloids 13 and 14 were shown to be inhibitory toward mammalian alpha-glucosidase (IC50 = 45 and 77 microM, respectively), and alkaloid 14 was demonstrated as a moderate inhibitor of bacterial beta-glucosidase (IC50 = 48 microM)...

..These findings suggest that phenylglycine-mustard is a better substrate for LAT1 than melphalan and other amino acid-mustards...

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..Screening of these molecules for glycosidase inhibition has been examined. Compound 3 was shown to be a potent inhibitor of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase as well as Escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase...

..6-fold at 500 microM...

..02 microM), alkaloid 2, which has been thought to be an intermediate in the biosynthesis of 1, was also a potent inhibitor of alpha-mannosidase with an IC(50) value of 4.6 microM...

..In addition, it is interesting that some uronic-type azasugar derivatives showed moderate inhibitory activities against beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase...

..These results provide a rationale for multi-molecular target therapy approaches based on a combination of signal transduction inhibitors with STI571 in CML...

..Our aim was to evaluate implications of combined vascular resection in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma by analyzing the outcomes of all patients who underwent operative resection...

..Their structures were determined on the basis of analysis of spectroscopic data...

..This anterior transhepatic approach provides a wide operating field and easy hemostasis, and could preserve the liver parenchyma as much as possible in a patient with liver dysfunction...

..Overall, we conclude that a thermodynamic native state can be achieved by proteins encoded with extensively simplified sequences...

..34 microM). This indicates that the sulfate in the side chain plays an important role in the specificity of enzyme inhibition...

..These data suggest that IL-1 functions to augment neutrophil accumulation, but does not play an essential role in this response...

..Furthermore, tagged samples remained soluble for over ten days, as observed by their HSQC spectra. We believe that lysine- and arginine-based SEP-tags may provide an effective and versatile method for enhancing protein solubility...

..3-fold at 20 microM. These experimental results suggest that CO-DNJ is a significant pharmacological chaperone for N370S Gaucher variants, minimizing the potential for undesirable side effects such as alpha-Glu inhibition...

..The structural elucidation of compounds 1 and 2 in spectroscopic studies is described. C-Benzylated dihydrochalcones, especially 1, 2, 4, and 6, showed considerable cytotoxicity toward human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells...

..The lysosomal beta-glucosidase inhibitory calystegines seem to have little risk of inducing intoxication of livestock...

..The synthesis involved the construction of the piperidene-type chiral building block 5 followed by dihydroxylation, starting from the d-serine-derived Garner aldehyde 6...

..The relationship between the structure of DRB and the inhibition of eukaryotic DNA polymerases is discussed...

..In contrast, endogenous IL-13 appears to be critical for the control of this response, with prominent protective effects on hepatocytes and hepatic endothelial cells...

..This work represents the first report of SeV-mediated gene transfer to ocular tissue, and identifies recombinant SeV as a new tool for studies of retinal gene transfer and gene therapy...

..These data indicated that the activities of the C protein to counteract the antiviral action of IFNs and to down-regulate viral RNA synthesis were not encoded within a region of at least 98 amino acids in its amino-terminal half...

..CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that IL-12 promotes hepatic inflammation in a manner that is independent of STAT4 and implicate a novel mechanism for the pro-inflammatory effects of IL-12...

..In conclusion, the data suggest that IL-18 is required for facilitating neutrophil-dependent hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury through suppressing anti-inflammatory cytokine expression...

..3,4-Dihydro-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-isoquinolinium and N-methylpurpuerine were isolated as natural products for the first time. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidence...

..Furthermore, expression of the marker genes was undetectable in nonhepatic tissues, including the gonads, indicating that this approach strictly targets hepatic tissues and thus offers good clinical potential for human gene therapy...

..These altered expression patterns may be strongly involved in delayed liver regeneration after hepatectomy with obstructive jaundice...

..To study the regulatory mechanisms of sinusoidal regeneration after partial hepatectomy...

..CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that FL is a useful carrier for improving the absorption of poorly absorbable drugs, such as insulin, via the intestinal tract...

..The glycosyl phosphate mimetic 15k was found to display no inhibitory activity towards glycogen phosphorylase b and phosphoglucomutase...

..The incidence and mode of spread of carcinoma of the gallbladder into the hepatoduodenal ligament have not been well described pathologically for gallbladder carcinoma extending into the subserosa and beyond...

..It has recently been reported that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is involved in recognizing lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of TLR4 in endotoxin-induced liver injury after hepatectomy...

..This critical role for LBP implies the presence of possible mechanisms linking LBP to the intracellular signaling between Toll-like receptor 4 and IRF-3, leading to the induction of IFN-beta by LPS...

..These data suggest that hypothermia suppresses the hepatic inflammatory response through selective inhibition of JNK and AP-1...