Takaji Wakita

Summary

Affiliation: Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience
Country: Japan

Publications

  1. ncbi HCV research and anti-HCV drug discovery: toward the next generation
    Takaji Wakita
    Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1 23 1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162 8640, Japan
    Adv Drug Deliv Rev 59:1196-9. 2007
  2. ncbi Detection of anti-hepatitis C virus effects of interferon and ribavirin by a sensitive replicon system
    Takanobu Kato
    Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, 2-6 Musashidai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8526, Japan
    J Clin Microbiol 43:5679-84. 2005
  3. ncbi [Hepatitis C virus vaccine]
    Takaji Wakita
    Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
    Nihon Rinsho 66:1961-4. 2008
  4. ncbi Replication of a hepatitis C virus replicon clone in mouse cells
    Susan L Uprichard
    The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
    Virol J 3:89. 2006
  5. ncbi Possible role of cytotoxic T cells in acute liver injury in hepatitis C virus cDNA transgenic mice mediated by Cre/loxP system
    T Wakita
    Department of Microbiology, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Japan
    J Med Virol 62:308-17. 2000
  6. ncbi Production of infectious hepatitis C virus in tissue culture from a cloned viral genome
    Takaji Wakita
    Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Tokyo 183 8526, Japan
    Nat Med 11:791-6. 2005
  7. ncbi Genotype 2a hepatitis C virus subgenomic replicon can replicate in HepG2 and IMY-N9 cells
    Tomoko Date
    Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Tokyo 183-8526, Japan
    J Biol Chem 279:22371-6. 2004
  8. ncbi Characterization of the E-138 (Glu/Lys) mutation in Japanese encephalitis virus by using a stable, full-length, infectious cDNA clone
    Zijiang Zhao
    Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, 2-6 Musashidai, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8526, Japan
    J Gen Virol 86:2209-20. 2005
  9. ncbi Comparison between subgenomic replicons of hepatitis C virus genotypes 2a (JFH-1) and 1b (Con1 NK5.1)
    Michiko Miyamoto
    Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, 2-6 Musashidai, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8526, Japan
    Intervirology 49:37-43. 2006
  10. ncbi Nonhepatic cell lines HeLa and 293 support efficient replication of the hepatitis C virus genotype 2a subgenomic replicon
    Takanobu Kato
    Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan
    J Virol 79:592-6. 2005

Collaborators

Detail Information

Publications53

  1. ncbi HCV research and anti-HCV drug discovery: toward the next generation
    Takaji Wakita
    Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1 23 1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162 8640, Japan
    Adv Drug Deliv Rev 59:1196-9. 2007
    ..Such progress will propel HCV research and anti-HCV drug discovery toward the next generation...
  2. ncbi Detection of anti-hepatitis C virus effects of interferon and ribavirin by a sensitive replicon system
    Takanobu Kato
    Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, 2-6 Musashidai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8526, Japan
    J Clin Microbiol 43:5679-84. 2005
    ..This system will provide a powerful tool for screening new antiviral compounds against HCV...
  3. ncbi [Hepatitis C virus vaccine]
    Takaji Wakita
    Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
    Nihon Rinsho 66:1961-4. 2008
    ..A neutralizing antibody induction and a vaccine development are necessary for prophylaxis of HCV infection. Here we summarize the recent progress in basic and clinical research toward the vaccine development for HCV...
  4. ncbi Replication of a hepatitis C virus replicon clone in mouse cells
    Susan L Uprichard
    The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
    Virol J 3:89. 2006
    ..In effort to develop experimental HCV mouse models, we screened a panel of HCV replicons to identify clones capable of replicating in mouse hepatocytes...
  5. ncbi Possible role of cytotoxic T cells in acute liver injury in hepatitis C virus cDNA transgenic mice mediated by Cre/loxP system
    T Wakita
    Department of Microbiology, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Japan
    J Med Virol 62:308-17. 2000
    ..HCV-specific CTLs may be to enhance hepatitis. Thus, the present HCV transgenic mouse model provides a useful model of liver injury due to HCV, and the host immune response may play a pivotal role(s) in the pathogenesis of HCV...
  6. ncbi Production of infectious hepatitis C virus in tissue culture from a cloned viral genome
    Takaji Wakita
    Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Tokyo 183 8526, Japan
    Nat Med 11:791-6. 2005
    ..The cell culture-generated HCV is infectious for chimpanzee. This system provides a powerful tool for studying the viral life cycle and developing antiviral strategies...
  7. ncbi Genotype 2a hepatitis C virus subgenomic replicon can replicate in HepG2 and IMY-N9 cells
    Tomoko Date
    Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Tokyo 183-8526, Japan
    J Biol Chem 279:22371-6. 2004
    ..This system with the JFH-1 replicon and three cell lines is useful not only for estimating the cellular factors affecting viral activity but also for clarifying the common gene response of the host...
  8. ncbi Characterization of the E-138 (Glu/Lys) mutation in Japanese encephalitis virus by using a stable, full-length, infectious cDNA clone
    Zijiang Zhao
    Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, 2-6 Musashidai, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8526, Japan
    J Gen Virol 86:2209-20. 2005
    ..This study demonstrates clearly that a single Glu-to-Lys mutation at aa 138 of the envelope protein affects multiple steps of the viral life cycle. These multiple changes may induce substantial attenuation of JEV...
  9. ncbi Comparison between subgenomic replicons of hepatitis C virus genotypes 2a (JFH-1) and 1b (Con1 NK5.1)
    Michiko Miyamoto
    Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, 2-6 Musashidai, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8526, Japan
    Intervirology 49:37-43. 2006
    ..Therefore, further investigation may be needed on more HCV isolates of diverse genotypes...
  10. ncbi Nonhepatic cell lines HeLa and 293 support efficient replication of the hepatitis C virus genotype 2a subgenomic replicon
    Takanobu Kato
    Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan
    J Virol 79:592-6. 2005
    ..Sequencing analysis revealed that mutations in HCV-derived regions were not essential for replication in these cells, as some clones displayed no mutations...
  11. ncbi The roles of CD81 and glycosaminoglycans in the adsorption and uptake of infectious HCV particles
    Kenichi Morikawa
    Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan
    J Med Virol 79:714-23. 2007
    ..HSPG may play a role in the initial cell surface binding of infectious HCV particles and CD81 is conceivably correlated with HCV entry after viral attachment...
  12. ncbi An infectious and selectable full-length replicon system with hepatitis C virus JFH-1 strain
    Tomoko Date
    Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan
    Hepatol Res 37:433-43. 2007
    ..Conclusions: Selectable infection was established using HCV replicon containing full-length genotype 2a JFH-1 cDNA. This system might be useful for HCV research...
  13. ncbi Efficient replication of the genotype 2a hepatitis C virus subgenomic replicon
    Takanobu Kato
    Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Fuchu, Japan
    Gastroenterology 125:1808-17. 2003
    ..This system provides a powerful new tool for researching HCV...
  14. ncbi [Production of infectious hepatitis C virus in cell culture]
    Takanobu Kato
    Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Tokyo
    Uirusu 55:287-95. 2005
    ..Furthermore, secreted virus displayed infectivity for naive Huh7 cells. This system provides a powerful tool for studying the viral life cycle and constructing anti-viral strategies...
  15. ncbi Repeated hepatocyte injury promotes hepatic tumorigenesis in hepatitis C virus transgenic mice
    Takanobu Kato
    Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Fucyu, Tokyo 183-8526, Japan
    Cancer Sci 94:679-85. 2003
    ..Furthermore, this experimental mouse model provides a valuable method with which to investigate hepatocarcinogenesis...
  16. ncbi Processing of hepatitis C virus core protein is regulated by its C-terminal sequence
    Takanobu Kato
    Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan
    J Med Virol 69:357-66. 2003
    ..The data suggest that core protein processing is regulated by C-terminus mutations...
  17. ncbi Inoculation of plasmids encoding Japanese encephalitis virus PrM-E proteins with colloidal gold elicits a protective immune response in BALB/c mice
    Zijiang Zhao
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Fuchu-shi, Japan
    J Virol 77:4248-60. 2003
    ..DNA immunization with colloidal gold elicited encoded protein expression in splenocytes and might enhance immune responses in intravenously inoculated mice. This approach could be exploited to develop a novel DNA vaccine...
  18. ncbi DDX3 DEAD-box RNA helicase is required for hepatitis C virus RNA replication
    Yasuo Ariumi
    Department of Molecular Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2 5 1, Shikata cho, Okayama 700 8558, Japan
    J Virol 81:13922-6. 2007
    ..Thus, DDX3 is required for HCV RNA replication...
  19. ncbi Infection of human hepatocyte chimeric mouse with genetically engineered hepatitis C virus and its susceptibility to interferon
    Nobuhiko Hiraga
    Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
    FEBS Lett 581:1983-7. 2007
    ..Genetically engineered HCV infection system should be useful for analysis of the mechanisms of resistance of HCV to IFN and other drugs...
  20. ncbi Establishment of an infectious genotype 1b hepatitis C virus clone in human hepatocyte chimeric mice
    Takashi Kimura
    Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
    J Gen Virol 89:2108-13. 2008
    ..This mouse model will be useful for the study of HCV virology, particularly the mechanism underlying the variable resistance of HCV genotypes to interferon therapy...
  21. ncbi Development of plaque assays for hepatitis C virus-JFH1 strain and isolation of mutants with enhanced cytopathogenicity and replication capacity
    Yuko Sekine-Osajima
    Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
    Virology 371:71-85. 2008
    ..Taken together, the cytopathic effect of HCV infection involves ER-stress-induced apoptotic cell death. Certain HCV genomic structures may determine the viral replication capacity and cytopathogenicity...
  22. ncbi Scavenger receptor class B type I is a key host factor for hepatitis C virus infection required for an entry step closely linked to CD81
    Mirjam B Zeisel
    Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale INSERM, U748, Strasbourg, France
    Hepatology 46:1722-31. 2007
    ..Conclusion: Our data suggest that SR-BI (i) represents a key host factor for HCV entry, (ii) is implicated in the same HCV entry pathway as CD81, and (iii) targets an entry step closely linked to HCV-CD81 interaction...
  23. ncbi Hepatitis C virus non-structural proteins responsible for suppression of the RIG-I/Cardif-induced interferon response
    Megumi Tasaka
    Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
    J Gen Virol 88:3323-33. 2007
    ..These mechanisms may contribute to the clinical persistence of HCV infection and could constitute a novel antiviral therapeutic target...
  24. ncbi Critical role of virion-associated cholesterol and sphingolipid in hepatitis C virus infection
    Hideki Aizaki
    Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1 23 1 Toyama, Shinjuku ku, Tokyo 162 8640, Japan
    J Virol 82:5715-24. 2008
    ....
  25. ncbi Apolipoprotein B-dependent hepatitis C virus secretion is inhibited by the grapefruit flavonoid naringenin
    Yaakov Nahmias
    Center for Engineering in Medicine, Shriners Burns Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
    Hepatology 47:1437-45. 2008
    ..CONCLUSION: These results suggest a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of HCV infection...
  26. ncbi Trans-encapsidation of hepatitis C virus subgenomic replicon RNA with viral structure proteins
    Koji Ishii
    Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1 23 1 Toyama, Shinjuku ku, Tokyo 162 8640, Japan
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 371:446-50. 2008
    ....
  27. ncbi Intragenotypic JFH1 based recombinant hepatitis C virus produces high levels of infectious particles but causes increased cell death
    Guaniri Mateu
    Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
    Virology 376:397-407. 2008
    ..These studies begin to unravel requirements for robust virus replication and the relationship between increased virion production and host cell viability...
  28. ncbi Hepatitis C virus JFH-1 strain infection in chimpanzees is associated with low pathogenicity and emergence of an adaptive mutation
    Takanobu Kato
    Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
    Hepatology 48:732-40. 2008
    ..CONCLUSION: Our study shows that the HCV JFH-1 strain causes attenuated infection and low pathogenicity in chimpanzees and is capable of adapting in vivo with a unique mutation conferring an enhanced replicative phenotype...
  29. ncbi Induction of incomplete autophagic response by hepatitis C virus via the unfolded protein response
    Donna Sir
    Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
    Hepatology 48:1054-61. 2008
    ..These unexpected effects of HCV on the host cell likely play an important role in HCV pathogenesis...
  30. ncbi Cell culture and infection system for hepatitis C virus
    Takanobu Kato
    Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
    Nat Protoc 1:2334-9. 2006
    ..Viral particles can be obtained in 12 days with this protocol...
  31. ncbi Robust hepatitis C virus infection in vitro
    Jin Zhong
    Departments of Molecular and Experimental Medicine and Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:9294-9. 2005
    ..This system provides a powerful tool for the analysis of host-virus interactions that should facilitate the discovery of antiviral drugs and vaccines for this important human pathogen...
  32. ncbi Robust production of infectious hepatitis C virus (HCV) from stably HCV cDNA-transfected human hepatoma cells
    Zhaohui Cai
    Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA
    J Virol 79:13963-73. 2005
    ..Collectively, these results demonstrate the establishment of a stable HCV culture system that robustly produces infectious virus, which will allow the study of each aspect of the entire HCV life cycle...
  33. ncbi Production of infectious genotype 1a hepatitis C virus (Hutchinson strain) in cultured human hepatoma cells
    Minkyung Yi
    Center for Hepatitis Research, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1019, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:2310-5. 2006
    ..The ability of this genotype 1a virus to infect cultured cells will substantially benefit antiviral and vaccine discovery programs...
  34. ncbi Diverse effects of cyclosporine on hepatitis C virus strain replication
    Naoto Ishii
    Laboratory of Human Tumor Viruses, Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
    J Virol 80:4510-20. 2006
    ..These findings provide an insight into the mechanisms of diversity governing virus-cell interactions and in the sensitivity of these strains to antiviral agents...
  35. ncbi Generation of infectious hepatitis C virus in immortalized human hepatocytes
    Tatsuo Kanda
    Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, 3635 Vista Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
    J Virol 80:4633-9. 2006
    ..A similar level of virus growth was observed upon transfection of RNA from HCV genotype 2a (JFH1) into IHH. Taken together, our results suggest that IHH support HCV genome replication and virus assembly...
  36. ncbi Hepatitis C virus entry depends on clathrin-mediated endocytosis
    Emmanuelle Blanchard
    , CNRS-UMR8161, Institut de Biologie de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, BP447, 59021 Lille Cedex, France
    J Virol 80:6964-72. 2006
    ..These data indicate that HCV enters target cells by clathrin-mediated endocytosis, followed by a fusion step from within an acidic endosomal compartment...
  37. ncbi Production of infectious hepatitis C virus of various genotypes in cell cultures
    Takanobu Kato
    Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Rm 9B16, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    J Virol 81:4405-11. 2007
    ..The development of culture systems for production of various HCV genotypes provides a valuable tool not only to study the replication and pathogenesis of HCV but also to screen for antivirals...
  38. ncbi The lipid droplet is an important organelle for hepatitis C virus production
    Yusuke Miyanari
    Department of Viral Oncology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606 8507, Japan
    Nat Cell Biol 9:1089-97. 2007
    ..This study reveals a novel function of LDs in the assembly of infectious HCV and provides a new perspective on how viruses usurp cellular functions...
  39. ncbi Induction of hepatic injury by hepatitis C virus-specific CD8+ murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes in transgenic mice expressing the viral structural genes
    Shun Takaku
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nippon Medical, School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 301:330-7. 2003
    ..To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration to show that HCV-specific CD8(+) CTLs specifically attack hepatocytes expressing the HCV structural proteins both in vitro and in vivo...
  40. ncbi Regulation of hepatitis C virus replication by interferon regulatory factor 1
    Nobuhiko Kanazawa
    Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1 5 45 Yushima, Bunkyo ku, Tokyo 113 8519, Japan
    J Virol 78:9713-20. 2004
    ..Taken together, IRF-1 is one of the key host factors that regulate intracellular HCV replication through modulation of interferon-stimulated-gene-mediated antiviral responses...
  41. ncbi The DNA damage sensors ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase and checkpoint kinase 2 are required for hepatitis C virus RNA replication
    Yasuo Ariumi
    Department of Molecular Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2 5 1, Shikata cho, Okayama 700 8558, Japan
    J Virol 82:9639-46. 2008
    ..Taken together, these results suggest that the ATM signaling pathway is critical for HCV RNA replication and may represent a novel target for the clinical treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C...
  42. ncbi Virological characterization of the hepatitis C virus JFH-1 strain in lymphocytic cell lines
    Kyoko Murakami
    Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1 23 1 Toyama, Shinjuku ku, Tokyo 162 8640, Japan
    J Gen Virol 89:1587-92. 2008
    ..Our results suggest that lymphocytic cells can support HCV JFH-1 translation and polyprotein processing, but may lack some host factors essential for HCV JFH-1 infection and replication...
  43. ncbi CD81 expression is important for the permissiveness of Huh7 cell clones for heterogeneous hepatitis C virus infection
    Daisuke Akazawa
    Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc, Kanagawa, Japan
    J Virol 81:5036-45. 2007
    ..In conclusion, CD81 expression is an important determinant of HCV permissiveness of Huh7 cell clones harboring different characteristics...
  44. ncbi The NS3 helicase and NS5B-to-3'X regions are important for efficient hepatitis C virus strain JFH-1 replication in Huh7 cells
    Asako Murayama
    Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1 23 1, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162 8640, Japan
    J Virol 81:8030-40. 2007
    ..In conclusion, the JFH-1 NS3 helicase and NS5B-to-3'X regions are important for efficient replication and virus particle formation of HCV genotype 2a strains...
  45. ncbi Subcellular localization of hepatitis C virus structural proteins in a cell culture system that efficiently replicates the virus
    Yves Rouille
    CNRS UPR2511, Institut de Biologie de Lille, 1 rue Calmette, BP447, 59021 Lille Cedex, France
    J Virol 80:2832-41. 2006
    ..In conclusion, the cell culture system for HCV allowed us for the first time to characterize the subcellular localization of HCV structural proteins in the context an infectious cycle...
  46. ncbi Monitoring the antiviral effect of alpha interferon on individual cells
    Chon Saeng Kim
    PBC, Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San31, Hyoja Dong, Pohang 790 784, Republic of Korea
    J Virol 81:8814-20. 2007
    ..Responses of individual cells containing HCV to alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) were monitored using GFP-tagged HCV and time-lapse confocal microscopy. Marked variations in the response to IFN-alpha were observed among HCV-containing cells...
  47. ncbi Molecular biology of hepatitis C virus
    Tetsuro Suzuki
    Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1 23 1 Toyama, Tokyo, Japan
    J Gastroenterol 42:411-23. 2007
    ..This review summarizes the current knowledge of cell culture systems for HCV research and recent advances in the investigation of the molecular virology of HCV...
  48. ncbi Robust production of infectious viral particles in Huh-7 cells by introducing mutations in hepatitis C virus structural proteins
    David Delgrange
    CNRS UMR 8161, IBL, Université de Lille I et Lille II, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59021 Lille Cedex, France
    J Gen Virol 88:2495-503. 2007
    ..Altogether, our data indicate that a more robust production of HCVcc particles can be obtained by introducing a few specific mutations in JFH-1 structural proteins...
  49. ncbi Regulation of CXCL-8 (interleukin-8) induction by double-stranded RNA signaling pathways during hepatitis C virus infection
    Jessica Wagoner
    Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Virology 359690, 325 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104 2499, USA
    J Virol 81:309-18. 2007
    ....
  50. ncbi E6AP ubiquitin ligase mediates ubiquitylation and degradation of hepatitis C virus core protein
    Masayuki Shirakura
    Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1 23 1 Toyama, Shinjuku ku, Tokyo 162 8640, Japan
    J Virol 81:1174-85. 2007
    ..We propose that the E6AP-mediated ubiquitin-proteasome pathway may affect the production of HCV particles through controlling the amounts of viral nucleocapsid protein...
  51. ncbi Upregulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in hepatitis C virus infection
    Esther Larrea
    Division of Gene Therapy and Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, Avenida Pio XII 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
    J Virol 81:3662-6. 2007
    ..For both patients and chimpanzees, hepatic expression of IDO and CTLA-4 correlated directly. Induction of IDO may dampen T-cell reactivity to viral antigens in chronic HCV infection...
  52. ncbi Hepatitis C viral life cycle
    Tetsuro Suzuki
    Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1 23 1 Toyama, Shinjuku ku, Tokyo 162 8640, Japan
    Adv Drug Deliv Rev 59:1200-12. 2007
    ..This review summarizes our current understanding of genomic organization of HCV, features of the viral protein characteristics, and the viral life cycle...
  53. ncbi Hepatitis C virus-infected hepatocytes extrinsically modulate dendritic cell maturation to activate T cells and natural killer cells
    Takashi Ebihara
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
    Hepatology 48:48-58. 2008
    ....