M Denda

..These results suggest that intracellular cAMP in the epidermis is involved in skin barrier homeostasis...

..These results suggest that the VGCC exists on epidermal keratinocytes and plays an important role in skin barrier homeostasis...

..e. first, keratinocytes recognize various environmental factors, and then the information is processed and conveyed to the nervous system...

..Thus, there are multiple plausible pathways through which changes in skin can affect emotional state...

..These results suggest that the external electric potential affects the ionic gradients in the epidermis and also influences the skin barrier homeostasis...

..Previous reports suggest the existence of a water flux sensor in the epidermis, and as TRPV4 is known to be activated by osmotic pressure, our results indicate that it might be this sensor...

..These results suggest that the gamma-aminobutyric acid (A)-like receptor is associated with skin barrier homeostasis and regulation of the receptor clinically effective for barrier dysfunctional or epidermal hyperproliferative diseases...

..In this review, I will describe our recent findings and show how they provide the basis for a new perspective for clinical dermatology...

..An external negative electric field accelerated the skin barrier recovery. These new methods to improve skin barrier homeostasis could be useful strategies to solve skin problems...

..Although alterations in external K+ levels also regulate barrier recovery after acute insults, the mechanisms whereby K+ regulates barrier function remain unknown...

..These results suggest that the beta2-adrenergic receptor is specifically associated with skin barrier homeostasis...

..These results suggest that, like the nervous system, influx of calcium and chloride ions into epidermal keratinocytes through ionotropic receptors plays a crucial role in cutaneous barrier homeostasis...

..Application of a chloride-exchange resin delayed barrier recovery. Topical application of ionic polymers influenced skin barrier homeostasis...

..The ATP concentration also increased immediately after keratinocytes were exposed to air. We hypothesize that ATP is secreted from keratinocytes on exposure to air, and induces an increase of intracellular calcium concentration...

..Previous reports show that ultrasound can influence human brain electrical activity and systemic hormone levels in various parts of the body, other than the ear, so there may be an unknown ultrasound-responsive system in humans...

..There was a significant correlation between work function of each metal and barrier recovery rate. These results suggest that electron donation from outside accelerated the skin barrier recovery...

..The present review deals with the potential roles of TRP channels expressed in epidermal keratinocytes and focuses on the concept of the epidermis as an active interface between the body and the environment...

..8 pmol mL-1). These results suggest significant time-dependent variation in cutaneous barrier repair independent of changes in skin temperature and cortisol level...

..Odorants with a sedative effect prevented the delay of skin barrier recovery induced by stress after acute barrier disruption. Other odorants did not show this effect...

..Our results indicate that TRPM8 or a closely related protein in epidermal keratinocytes plays a role in epidermal permeability barrier homoeostasis and epidermal proliferation after barrier insult...

..Regulation of protease activity or ionic balance in the epidermis can accelerate barrier repair after injury. Improvement of the stratum corneum homeostasis can ameliorate skin damage induced by barrier disruption in a dry environment...

..RT-PCR assay of cultured human keratinocyte also showed expression of VR1 mRNA. These results suggest the existence of VR1-like protein in epidermal keratinocytes of human skin...

..Previous studies have suggested that susceptibility of skin to external agents increases in the dry winter season...

..These results suggest that the ion flux in the nucleated layer of the epidermis induce the skin surface potential and it is influenced by environmental and neuroendocrinological factors...

..These animal models could be useful for objectively quantifying the influence of stress on the cutaneous function...

..In conclusion, both the histamine H1 and H2 receptors in the epidermis are involved in skin barrier function and the cutaneous condition of epidermal hyperplasia...

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..A variety of skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, senile xerosis or psoriasis tends to worsen during the dry winter season. These skin diseases are also characterized by itch sensation...

..These results suggest that psychological stress stimulates increased production of glucocorticoids, which, in turn, adversely affects permeability barrier homeostasis...

..The present study demonstrates that sudden changes from a high to a low humidity environment results in abnormal barrier function, which could adversely influence the incidence and/or severity of skin disorders...

..These results suggest that dopaminergic receptors are involved in epidermal barrier homeostasis...

..Thus, signaling via gap junctions might be involved in the induction of calcium waves in response to mechanical stress at the upper layer of the epidermis...

..CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that IL-1 alpha is an important factor in mediating the relationship between environmental humidity and epidermal pathology...

..These results suggest that unsaturated fatty acids in sebum alter the calcium dynamics in epidermal keratinocytes and induce abnormal follicular keratinization...

..These results suggest that the response to stimulation of keratinocytes in cultured skin slices varies depending upon the location (depth) within the epidermis...

..These results suggest that the effects of these metal ions are different depending on the counter ion and/or the method of application...

..These results suggest that involucrin-positive, fragile CEs are immature and less hydrophobic, and that their occurrence is closely related to impairment of the barrier function of the skin...

..Unsaturated fatty acids from sebum affect calcium dynamics in epidermal keratinocytes, disrupt the barrier function and induce abnormal keratinization. However, the mechanisms of these effects have not been clarified...

..Furthermore, in UVB-radiated cells, we note the possibility that P2 receptor antagonists may reduce skin inflammation...

..These results are consistent with the idea that NO generated by epidermal nNOS has a significant role in the cutaneous circulatory response to mechanical stimulation...

..These findings suggest that functional VR1-like protein is present and functions as a sensor against noxious chemical stimuli, such as capsaicin or acidification, in epidermal keratinocytes...

..Changes in the expression levels and cation influx via multiple P2X receptors might be involved in the regulation of differentiation and one of the epidermal external sensors...

..These results suggest that differentiated keratinocytes are sensitive to external pressure and that TRP might be involved in the mechanism of their response...

..The feature of the calcium wave propagation appeared to be different between differentiated cells and proliferating cells, and so the mechanisms involved might be different...

..These results suggest that cutaneous barrier homeostasis can be regulated by cation flux through a P2X3-like ATP receptor...

..These results suggest that NO plays an important signaling role in cutaneous barrier homeostasis and in epidermal hyperplasia induced by barrier disruption...

..We previously demonstrated that neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in epidermal keratinocytes is associated with epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis...

..PCR analysis confirmed the expression of rhodopsin-like and opsin-like genes in human retina and the skin. These results suggest that a series of proteins, which play a crucial role in visual perception, are expressed in human epidermis...

..Its therapeutic effect includes acceleration of epidermal turnover without apparent inflammation, and its action is pH-dependent. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of GA-induced peeling...

..These results suggest that the skin surface electric potential may be an indicator of the pathophysiology of the living layer of epidermis, and thus may be useful as a new parameter to evaluate skin condition...

..A significant correlation between skin roughness and stratum corneum thickness was also observed. These results suggest that skin surface morphology is associated with both water content and thickness of the stratum corneum...

..Seasonal changes affect the condition of skin and may trigger various cutaneous disorders...

..Possible physical and perceptual mechanisms involved are discussed...

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..These results suggest that glutamate plays an important role as a signal of cutaneous barrier homeostasis and epidermal hyperplasia induced by barrier disruption...