Hiroshi Ujike

..In contrast, some specific genetic risks or protective factors for individual drug are also found. This paper reviews the current status of research into the genetics of substance dependence...

..Our data indicate that SNPs previously reported to be associated with schizophrenia do not contribute to genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia...

..000039, odds ratio: 2.04). The present findings indicate that genetic variation of the GLYT1 gene may contribute to individual vulnerability to methamphetamine dependence and psychosis...

..DTNBP1 may confer susceptibility to psychotic symptoms in various psychiatric disorders besides schizophrenia...

..We therefore hypothesized that variations in the A2A adenosine receptor (ADORA2A) gene modify genetic susceptibility to METH dependence/psychosis...

..In contrast, later maintenance process of sensitization may require only limited plastic modification in restricted regions...

..Odds ratios of these positive or negative risks ranged from about 0.2 to 15. These findings must be informative for drug dependence rehabilitation programs and psycho-education of substance dependence...

..00037, OR=3.62, 95% CI 2.48-5.28). These findings revealed that genetic variants of DRD2, but not DRD3 or DRD4, confer individual risks for rapid onset, prolonged duration, and spontaneous relapse of methamphetamine psychosis...

..3-fold higher susceptibility to schizophrenia. Recent findings consistently indicate that hyperactivity of the central cannabinoid system is involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia or the neural mechanisms of negative symptoms...

..0054, OR=4.24, 95% CI=2.46-7.31). The present study demonstrated that the presence of nine- or fewer repeat alleles of hDAT1 is a strong risk factor for a worse prognosis of METH psychosis...

..These findings indicate that a genetic variant of the DRP-2 gene may not affect the risk of METH psychosis or any clinical phenotype of the disorder...

..abstract:..

..Accordingly, common molecular mechanisms of sensitization phenomena must develop in these three conditions, and are overviewed in this review..

..The present findings do not provide any evidence that genetic variants of sex hormone-related genes confer individual susceptibility to MTF or FTM transsexualism...

..On the other hand, deletions were not found in any adult-onset cases (> 40 y). Half of the patients with parkin gene-related Parkinson's disease lacked both heredity and consanguinity...

..Although in these areas are still in progress, accumulating findings will elucidate the details of the molecular mechanism of behavioral sensitization and dependence...

..The present study found that the NOTCH4 gene does not confer susceptibility to schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders, at least in Japanese subjects, in contrast to the findings in British subjects...

..Molecular findings using animal sensitization models may facilitate a better understanding of, and open the way for innovative therapies for, METH psychosis and also chronic schizophrenia...

..There were no significant differences in the CAG repeat number of longer or shorter alleles among the four diagnostic groups or among the schizophrenia hebephrenic and paranoid subtypes...

..X-linked dystonia-deafness syndrome (DDS) is characterized by early-onset deafness followed by progressive dystonia in adulthood. Only 4 families with the syndrome have been reported, and all were white...

..The aim of this investigation was identification of genetic risk factors associated with olanzapine-induced weight gain...

..Because the Pro129Thr polymorphism reduces enzyme instability, it is unlikely that dysfunction of FAAH and enhanced endocannabinoid system induce susceptibility to either methamphetamine dependence/psychosis or schizophrenia...

..The present study did not provide any evidence for a contribution of the DRP-2 gene to susceptibility to BPD...

..0212), with an odds ratio of 0.62 (95% confidence interval: 0.51-0.76). The present study demonstrated that reduced CYP2D6 activity was a negative risk factor for methamphetamine dependence...

..Our data suggest that dysregulation of the Wnt-signaling pathway may be involved in the susceptibility to schizophrenia...

..00085) also showed associations with methamphetamine psychosis. The present findings suggest that the G72 gene may contribute to a predisposition to not only schizophrenia but also to methamphetamine psychosis...

..It is necessary to evaluate further the possibility that the SIGMAR1 gene is associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia...

..Accordingly, it was hypothesized that the NPY system may also be involved in methamphetamine dependence or psychosis...

..83, 95% ci=1.24-2.68)...

..Because the polymorphism is located in the promoter region of the XBP-1 gene and affects transcription activity of the gene, it is unlikely that dysfunction of XBP-1 may induces susceptibility to methamphetamine dependence...

..57, 95% confidence interval: 0.44-0.73). These results suggest that the GABRA5 gene may confer susceptibility to bipolar I disorder...

..These results suggest that celecoxib may affect the pathophysiology of schizophrenia through COX-2-independent actions rather than by inhibiting activity of up-regulated COX-2 protein...

..These data suggest that the ZDHHC8 gene may not be associated with susceptibility to BPD or schizophrenia, at least in a Japanese population...

..Dysfunction of SRR may reduce the function of NMDA receptors and susceptibility to schizophrenia...

..The authors provide here genetic evidence that the sigma receptor type 1 (SIGMAR1) gene is involved in susceptibility to AD...

..04). The present study indicated that the LIF gene variant may produce susceptibility to hebephrenic schizophrenia and deterioration of working memory function...

..In addition, the DRP-2 gene (Dihydropyrimidinase-like 2; DPYSL2) is located on chromosome 8p21, a region that has been implicated in schizophrenia in genetic linkage studies...

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..Furthermore, no significant association was observed between these polymorphisms and either of two diagnostic subtypes (bipolars I and II disorder). The results suggest that the BDNF gene is unlikely to confer susceptibility to BPD...

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..0083). These results suggest that the *2236C allele in the 3'UTR of the DRP-2 gene, or an unknown mutation in linkage disequilibrium with this allele, may reduce the susceptibility to schizophrenia, especially the paranoid subtype...

..These findings suggest that unknown factors besides Abeta deposition are necessary for the cyclooxygenase-2 up-regulation and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease...

..These data did not provide evidence for a contribution of the FN1 gene to susceptibility to schizophrenia...

..The present findings suggest that the CART gene may not play a pivotal role in the development of METH dependence and psychosis, at least in a Japanese population...

..The present findings suggest that having a genetic variant of the CSNK1E gene did not affect susceptibility to methamphetamine dependence or psychosis, at least in a Japanese population...

..These unexpected new findings by gene-chip technology, which need to be confirmed by case-control association one by one, must bring about breakthrough in investigation of neural mechanisms of alcohol dependence and innovative therapy...

..485 T most likely confers resistance but not susceptibility to schizophrenia. An interaction between a nuclear resistance gene and a presumptive pathogenic gene in the mitochondrial DNA was suggested...

..011, OR = 0.208, 95% CI (0.098-0.439)). The present findings indicated that certain alleles or genotypes of the CNR1 gene may confer a susceptibility of schizophrenia, especially of the hebephrenic type...

..These results suggest that genetic variations in the TNF-alpha gene and its receptor genes may not be involved in individual vulnerability to METH dependence...

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..Severe brain hypoperfusion in the frontal lobes was revealed. We believe that this is a rare case of adult-onset adrenoleukodystrophy with predominant frontal lobe dysfunction...

..It is suggested that in methamphetamine psychosis the TaqI A polymorphism not only regulates prolongation of psychosis symptoms but also influences the form of the temporal lobe...

..Therefore, synaptophysin and stathmin play an important role in the neural plastic changes involved in the early induction process of METH-induced sensitization, but not in the later maintenance process...

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..Therefore, it is suggested that typical neuroleptics such as haloperidol act agonistic and atypical neuroleptics such as BMY-14802 act antagonistic at rubral sigma receptors in the induction of neck dystonia...

..These plastic changes with structural modification of neural networks in the CNS during drug abuse could induce and reinforce psychological dependence and susceptibility to drug-induced psychoses, which become increasingly intractable...

..Disturbance of these neurodevelopmental processes is proposed as one etiology for mood disorder. We therefore undertook genetic analysis of NCAM1 in mood disorders...

..Based on the interaction of PICK1 with dopamine transporter, it is of particular interest to investigate the association between the PICK1 gene and methamphetamine abusers...

..Moreover, the nature of our results support that two-stage analysis with large sample size is appropriate to examine the susceptibility genes for common diseases...

..We can improve understanding of human methamphetamine dependence, and possibly our abilities to prevent and treat this devastating disorder, by identifying genes whose allelic variants predispose to methamphetamine dependence...

..The GRM7 gene is located on human chromosome 3p26, which has been suggested by linkage analysis to contain a susceptibility locus for schizophrenia...

..007, odds ratio: 2.77, 95% CI 1.30-5.89) higher than that of male abusers with deletion alleles. These findings suggest that GSTM1 gene deletion may contribute to a vulnerability to MAP abuse in female subjects, but not in male subjects...

..The present study indicates that the IDE gene polymorphisms do not confer susceptibility to early- or late-onset AD at least in a Japanese population...

..Our results suggest that YWHAE is a possible susceptibility gene that functions protectively in schizophrenia...

..0007). Our findings suggest that the GT-repeat polymorphism in the promoter region of the NEP gene or some other unknown polymorphisms, which are in a linkage disequilibrium, confer a susceptibility to late-onset AD...

..These results suggest that the -485T allele in NPY may confer susceptibility to schizophrenia by decreasing the neuropeptide in brains...

..The present study suggests that the polymorphism of the GSTT1 gene might be a genetic risk factor of the development of METH psychosis in a Japanese population...

..Moreover, SLC22A3 (which encodes OCT3) is a candidate gene for MAP dependence because it is located within a chromosomal region associated with substance dependence...

..098, P=0.0243). These results suggested that MAPT gene variants may modify the pathogenesis process of PD...

..This study aimed to investigate whether a functional polymorphism of the catechol-O-methyl transferase gene would be involved in the development of these psychiatric states...

..014 and 0.016, respectively) and in the allelic (P value 0.004 and 0.047, respectively) frequencies. Our results suggest that Ala/Val polymorphism of the SOD2 gene could be associated with the risk of developing methamphetamine psychosis...

..These results suggest that the OPRD1 gene variants may not be a factor in vulnerability to MAP dependence/psychosis...

..CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that this gene cluster may not play a major role in Japanese schizophrenia. They also raised an alert with regard to preliminary genetic association analysis using a small sample size...

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..These observations support NrCAM as a positionally cloned and drug-regulated gene whose variants are likely to change expression and alter substance abuse vulnerabilities in human addictions and animal models of drug reward...

..038) difference between patients with prolonged-type MAP psychosis and controls. This study suggests that the NQO2 gene polymorphism contributes to the aetiology of MAP-related psychosis in Japanese...

..Further investigation of these associations, together with evidence from previous animal studies, may open the way to elucidation of the pathophysiology of this condition...

..These results suggest that the genomic interval of DISC1 probably involved in transcriptional regulation does not display major genetic relevance in Japanese schizophrenia patients...

..This article contains supplementary material, which may be viewed at the American Journal of Medical Genetics website at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0148-7299:1/suppmat/index.html...

..79, respectively). We concluded that the missense mutation Asp123Glu of the FEZ1 gene is unlikely to play a substantial role in the genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia...

..Further analysis should be capable of identifying associations between the OPRM variations and MAP dependence/psychosis...

..Further analyses are necessary to clarify the gender difference, by using a larger sample size and/or different ethnic groups, as well as functional variations in the alpha-synuclein gene...

..Our findings suggest that the polymorphism (Ile105Val) on exon 5 of the GSTP1 gene may contribute to a vulnerability to psychosis associated with MAP abuse in Japanese population...

..23 [95% confidence interval, 0.16-0.32] and 1.51 [95% confidence interval, 1.29-1.75]). In conclusion, our findings indicate that genetic variations of the alpha-synuclein gene affect the development of sporadic PD...

..Altered levels of the PSA-NCAM1 in the brain of schizophrenics have been reported, suggesting a role for this molecule in the disorder...