Shoichiro Tsugane

..1% in women. Given that many previous studies in Japanese and Asian populations have associated a low body mass index with an increased risk of cancer, the impact of being underweight--not only obese--may warrant further investigation...

..The objectives of our study were to 1) validate a FFQ for estimating folate intake, and to identify the foods that contribute to inter-individual variation of folate intake in the Japanese population...

..We sought to examine the association between education level and physical functional limitations among Japanese men and women, and whether that association was modified by gender and history of stroke...

..The present study aimed to provide information on awareness of the attributable fraction of cancer causes among the Japanese general population...

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..We examined sex-specific relationships of smoking with risk of total stroke and stroke subtypes in Asian populations because of the limited data available...

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..We conducted a case-control study to investigate the association between HCA intake and stomach cancer risk. We also investigated the possible effect of genetic polymorphisms of NAT2, CYP1A1, and CYP1A2 on stomach cancer...

..We conclude that dietary intake of folate and related B vitamins and genotypes of MTHFR or MTR have no overall association with breast cancer risk in Japanese women...

..Although early estrogen exposure may have some protective effect, female reproductive factors may have no substantial influence on gastric cancer development...

..By site, decreased risks were observed for cancers of the colon, liver, and pancreas in men and for cancer of the stomach in women. Increased daily physical activity may be beneficial in preventing cancer in a relatively lean population...

..21, respectively). We found no remarkable difference for the other four polymorphisms. Our findings suggest that polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor beta gene may modify the association between isoflavone intake and breast cancer risk...

..To evaluate whether 5 combined healthy lifestyle factors (not smoking, moderate drinking, eating minimum salt-preserved foods, being physically active, and having appropriate body mass index) are associated with reduced risk of cancer...

..To investigate the association between polymorphisms and gastrointestinal (gastric and colorectal) cancer, we performed a hospital-based case-control study in Japan...

..Here, we investigated the association between alcohol consumption and lung cancer incidence...

..A family history of overall cancer was not associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that those with a family history of lung cancer are more likely to acquire lung cancer themselves...

..Herein, we investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and kidney cancer risk in Japanese persons, a relatively lean population...

..02) with colorectal cancer, although the other polymorphisms did not interact with any nutrient intake. In conclusion, the study did not support the existing hypothesis of gene-nutrient interaction in colorectal carcinogenesis...

..06-0.77). We found no remarkable difference for the rs743572 and rs10046 polymorphisms. Our findings suggest that polymorphisms in the 17beta-HSD1 and SHBG genes may modify the association between isoflavone intake and breast cancer risk...

..Our findings suggest that those who have very low plasma levels of alpha-carotene and beta-carotene are at a higher risk of gastric cancer...

..50-3.34)]. Low BMI at age 20 years was substantially associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. In contrast, high recent BMI and subsequent BMI gain from age 20 were associated with increased risk of postmenopausal ER+PR+ tumors...

..However, all of the studies on the association between zinc and heme iron intakes and colorectal cancer have been conducted in Western populations...

..Although consumption of fish and n-3 PUFA has been reported to protect against the development of some types of cancer, little is known about its association with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)...

..However, data from general populations are sparse. We prospectively examined the association between cadmium exposure and incidence of cancer in a Japanese population with a relatively high dietary intake of cadmium...

..The association with gastric cancer might differ between isoflavones and soy foods, and research on the effects of isoflavone intake alone on gastric cancer is needed...

..However, the association between B vitamin intake and breast cancer risk in Brazilian women in particular has not yet been investigated...

..We prospectively examined the association between daily total physical activity level (METs/day) and subsequent risk of all-cause mortality and mortalities from cancer, heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease...

..The findings of the present study suggest that polymorphism in associated candidate genes plays a role in the habitual use of tobacco and alcohol among Japanese men...

..Women with hepatitis virus infection may be advised to abstain from isoflavone consumption. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings...

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..We examined whether vitamin supplement use patterns affect cancer and CVD risk in a population-based cohort study in Japan...

..15–3.66), respectively. In conclusion, cigarette smoking was confirmed as a risk factor for bladder cancer. Coffee and caffeine may be associated with an increased bladder cancer risk in never or former smokers among Japanese men...

..This finding indicates that ALT level is a good independent determinant of the need for intervention. Clinical application of these findings may help decrease HCC-associated mortality in hepatitis virus-endemic regions...

..A further objective was to investigate the possible effect of genetic polymorphisms of NAT2, CYP1A1, and CYP1A2 on colorectal cancer...

..Our findings add to increasing evidence that DNA methylation plays an important role even at an early stage of colorectal carcinogenesis...

..To investigate prospectively the association between colorectal cancer screening and subsequent risk of colorectal cancer death in a large-scale population-based cohort study (the JPHC study) with a 13-year follow-up period in Japan...

..005). In conclusion, our results suggest that those who react strongly to inflammation or who have a high host immune response, as reflected by extremely elevated plasma levels of CRP and SAA, are at a high risk to develop gastric cancer...

..Nevertheless, no prospective study from Asia has assessed blood or urine levels as biomarkers of isoflavone intake...

..The study aims to investigate the association between leisure-time physical activity and breast cancer risk in consideration of tumor estrogen-receptor/progesterone-receptor status...

..This nested case-control study found no overall association between plasma tea polyphenols and the risk of breast cancer in Japan...

..However, data from populations with high fish consumption are scarce...

..0 g alcohol/day) in men and (2) moderate drinking (≥23.0 g alcohol/day) in women may reduce the risk of primary liver cancer...

..59). In contrast, no statistically significant association was found for rectal cancer. These findings suggest that late age at first birth is associated with a reduced risk of colon cancer in postmenopausal Japanese women...

..Coffee consumption may be associated with a decreased risk of endometrial cancer...

..Finally, cruciferous vegetables deserve further investigation as foods possibly effective in the prevention of esophageal SCC...

..We estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) of mortality associated with smoking in Japan, using pooled data from three large-scale cohort studies...

..The aim of the present study was to project cancer mortality among Japanese males under different future scenarios of smoking prevalence...

..Calcium and vitamin D have a potential protective effect against colorectal cancer...

..We prospectively examined whether metabolic factors predicts the subsequent risk of HCC in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study Cohort II, in consideration of hepatitis virus infection status...

..However, the correlation between H. pylori and colorectal cancer (CRC) is controversial. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between H. pylori, serum gastrin level, and atrophic gastritis with CRC...

..We investigated associations between age- and intensity-specific leisure-time physical activity and ER/PR-defined breast cancer risk...

..pylori. GST-M3 activity is possibly involved in protection against mucosal atrophy caused by H. pylori as the levels of IgG titer and PGI are linked to mucosal status...

..Possible effect modification by CagA status, and serum pepsinogen status, as a marker of atrophic gastritis, was also considered to see its effect on developing gastric cancer. Subjects and..

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..These findings suggest that coffee consumption may lower the risk of colon cancer among Japanese women...

..We estimated the effects of 16 risk factors on cause-specific deaths and life expectancy in Japan...

..We prospectively investigated the association of weight change since age 20 y and that during middle-to-late adulthood with the incidence of type 2 diabetes...

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..An alcohol-colorectal cancer association seems to be more apparent in Japanese than in Western populations. Whether this difference can be ascribed to genetic or environmental factors needs to be clarified...

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..The mechanisms of this potential association between visceral adiposity and colorectal carcinogenesis warrant further investigation...

..We clarified the clinical significance of measurement of IgG antibody titers against Helicobacter pylori using data from a nested case-control study from a large-scale cohort study in Japan...

..Our results suggest that coffee consumption may reduce the risk of liver cancer regardless of HCV and HBV infection status, whereas green tea may not reduce this risk..

..There were no significant associations between magnesium intake and cancer risk in women. Higher dietary intake of magnesium may decrease the risk of CRC in Japanese men...

..The results of this study suggested that the cut-off FPG value should be lowered in terms of prediction of type 2 diabetes among Japanese populations...

..In conclusion, in this nested case-control study, concentrations of circulating total testosterone, free testosterone or SHBG were not strongly associated with a risk for total prostate cancer...

..The risk was 3.86-fold higher (CI; 1.73-8.62) for genotype 1 than genotype 2. Our findings suggest that HCV viremia strongly influences the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma without titer-dependence...

..Self-reported diagnoses of cancer do not provide sufficient accuracy for the detection and classification of incident cancers. Our findings may be extrapolated to other Japanese populations...

..15). Excessive alcohol intake was associated with an increase in the risk of breast cancer in this population. There was no statistical evidence for effect modification...

..10-5.51). Strong effect modification was detected in heavy smokers. Our results suggest that heavy alcohol consumption together with heavy smoking may increase the risk of ESCC particularly in individuals with the flushing response...

..93, 95% CI 0.88-4.23). These findings confirm that passive smoking is a risk factor for lung cancer, especially for adenocarcinoma among Japanese women...

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..These findings support the Japanese social belief that "liver holidays," abstaining from alcohol for more than 2 days per week, are important for heavy drinkers...

..06). Our results suggest that even for RRs, the extrapolation of estimates for a sample from a well-defined population to a general population may not be possible...

..21-2.55). Metabolic factors in the aggregate may have little impact on total cancer risk in the Japanese population, although the association between specific components and specific cancers suggests an etiologic link between them...

..These findings suggest that the intake of isoflavones, miso soup, and soy food has no substantial effect on the risk of colorectal cancer in Japanese men and women...

..The results of the present study suggest that patients with atrophic gastritis in conjunction with the hOGG1 Cys allele might have a higher susceptibility to gastric cancer...

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..52 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.30-0.90], 0.50 (95% CI, 0.28-0.88), and 0.52 (95% CI, 0.29-0.90), respectively. In conclusion, we found that isoflavone intake was associated with a decreased risk of localized prostate cancer...

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..However, whether the association can be modified by smoking is unknown. We cross-sectionally investigated the association of serum triglycerides with the risk of adenoma by smoking status...

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..Similar patterns of results were found when the two cohorts were analyzed separately. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to popular belief, our results suggest that vegetables and fruit do not appear to confer protection from lung cancer...

..These associations persisted in histologic subtypes. Our findings support the idea that the healthy pattern decreased the risk of gastric cancer among females, while the traditional pattern increased the risk in both genders...

..In addition, inverse association between coffee consumption and the incidence of diabetes which was consistent with other studies was observed...

..CONCLUSION: Despite changes in intake levels for many nutrients, the validity of our FFQ using rank correlation by nutrient intake was not influenced by revision of the nutrient database in Japan...

..Our results support previous evidence that low vitamin B-6 intake is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. In particular, a higher intake of vitamin B-6 appears beneficial in men with higher alcohol intake...

..We examined associations among soy isoflavone intake, estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) gene polymorphisms and risk of endometriosis...

..In particular, we explored how these effects were influenced by smoking status and a history of diabetes...

..032). CONCLUSION: Moderate-intensity dietary counseling in free-living healthy subjects achieved significant dietary changes, which resulted in a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure...

..This study does not support the role of fish and Ln-3 PUFA in the etiology of colon and rectal cancer in this population whose fish consumption was high and the variation in Ln-3 PUFA consumption was large...

..We investigated the association between plasma folate and the risk of colorectal cancer in a nested case-control study...

..These findings provided information as to the quantitative risk for premature death due to smoking among middle-aged Japanese men and women, and showed that the elevated risk was not explained by the unhealthy lifestyle of smokers...

..To determine whether low or high extremes of body mass index (BMI) in otherwise healthy individuals affect mortality only after they develop cancer or affect the likelihood that cancer will occur...

..In conclusion, red meat intake may modestly increase the risk of colon cancer in middle-aged Japanese, although the highest quintile of red meat consumption could be considered moderate by Western standards...

..Secular trends in mortality confirm the relative importance of environment in the development of cancer...

..To our knowledge, this is the first prospective study to investigate the association between blood levels of organochlorines and prostate cancer risk...

..6; 95% CI = 1.3-5.2) but not in postmenopausal women (RR = 0.7; 95% CI = 0.4-1.0). We conclude that tobacco smoking increases the risk of female breast cancer in premenopausal women...

..40 (95% CI 1.07-5.40). These findings suggest that both endogenous and extraneous estrogen may be involved in the etiology of lung cancer...