K Inui

..1+/-0.3 m/s. The mean latency of the positive peak of cerebral potentials was 1327.4+/-46.2 ms. These findings indicated that this new stimulation method selectively activated C-fiber nociceptors of the skin...

..SIGNIFICANCE: The present study showed a significant relationship between cortical inhibitory process and muscle force...

..However, in contrast, the reaction time to S2 in all SOA conditions was significantly shortened as compared with that in the control condition, suggesting dissociation between processing in the visual cortex and motor processing...

..Pain ratings did not vary across the cardiac cycle. These data support the hypothesis that arterial baroreceptors modulate the processing of nociception during each cardiac cycle...

..PPI is usually observed by use of a startle reflex such as blinking following an intense sound. A similar phenomenon has not been reported for cortical responses...

..In order to investigate the effect of repetition rate on cortical responses, we analyzed the auditory sustained fields evoked by periodic and aperiodic noises using magnetoencephalography...

..As IES does not require expensive equipment, and is easy to control, it would seem useful for pain research as well as clinical tests...

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..These results suggest similar mechanisms of the serial cortico-cortical processing of sensory information among all sensory areas of the cortex...

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..5, 18.0, 22.4 and 21.7 ms, respectively. The differences of onset latencies among these activations indicated the serial mode of processing both through the postcentral gyrus and through the primary and secondary somatosensory cortices...

..Here we used an auditory change-related N1 subcomponent (change-N1) of event-related brain potentials to investigate cortical mechanisms underlying change detection and echoic memory...

..Our data also implied that activities in the amygdala/hippocampal formation represented common effects of noxious and tactile stimulations...

..To test this hypothesis, we examined whether the single presentation of a sound is enough to elicit a change-related cortical response, and therefore, shape a memory trace enough to separate a subsequent stimulus...

..We recently developed a new method for the preferential stimulation of Adelta fibers in humans. The aim of the present study was to examine whether this method can serve as an appropriate stimulus in a magnetoencephalographic study...

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..Since TLID, TMSSA and BORTT have many clinical and electrographical similarities, we consider that these findings should be grouped into one EEG entity which appears in association with mild cerebrovascular dysfunction...

..2+/-0.6 m/s, which was significantly lower than the CV of the Adelta-fibers (10.0+/-4.5 m/s). This technique is novel and simple, and should be useful as a diagnostic tool for assessing the level of spinal cord lesions...

..To investigate the effect of conditioning painful stimulation on the early somatosensory magnetic fields (SEF) of test stimulation, in order to clarify the location of the gating effect of pain on tactile response...

..The results suggested that early cortical processing of noxious information occurs earlier than previous neurophysiological studies have estimated and that the temporal sequence of activations should be reconsidered...

..From our findings we suggest that parallel activation of SI and SII contralateral to the stimulation represents the first step in the cortical processing of C-fiber-related activities, probably related to second pain...

..We recorded event-related magnetic fields following a target stimulus followed by a masking stimulus to investigate the visual backward masking effect using a helmet-type magnetoencephalography system in humans...

..The main component 1 M as well as later magnetic fields were markedly attenuated during sleep, suggesting that all these cortical areas are involved in pain cognition...

..The authors previously showed that rTMS over the primary motor cortex (M1) inhibited capsaicin-induced acute pain ascending through C-fibers...

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..Therefore, nogo-N140 should be considered to reflect the inhibitory process especially in the hemisphere contralateral to the response hand and the sensory modality dependency of nogo potentials...

..The possibility that an activity of onset (with no conditioning stimulus) would be involved in the change-related activity was also discussed...

..We consider that activities in the parasylvian region are involved in the detection of changes at the body's surface...

..These results suggested that the MOG is an important cortical area relating to the sensory memory-based visual change-detecting system...

..The present findings indicate a difference in function between the SI and SII in somatosensory-motor regulation...

..The present results suggested that auditory on-N1m and off-N1m have similar physiological significance involved in responding to abrupt changes...

..Further studies are required to clarify the functional significance of these two pathways...

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..Thus the results suggest different spatiotemporal dynamics of neural representations of cross-modal attention and intermodal or within-modal attention...

..Therefore, it should be useful as a screening test for patients with neuropathy...

..The results show that spatial attention enhances responses to tactile inputs in SII, independent of sensory modality attended. The underlying mechanism remains to be determined, but may be an increase in gain...

..The activity in BA 40 and ACC may imply that the posterior of the tongue belongs to the visceral system...

..We suggest that cortical activities relating to response inhibitory processing are not dependent on the sensory modality used...

..Thus, neural processes responsive to unimodal changes in the multisensory environment are distributed at different timing in these cortical areas...

..In this network, the change is automatically detected using a memory trace by comparing the abrupt event (on or off) with the preceding condition (silent or repetitive stimuli)...

..The mean peak latencies of SI, cSII, iSII and IPL were 152, 170, 181, and 183 ms, respectively. This is the first study to clarify the time course of the activities of SI, SII, and PPC in human pain processing using MEG...

..Smoking of a single tobacco cigarette did not show a subjectively perceivable extent of reduction in the intensity of evoked pain...

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..This is the first study showing that the facial skin areas in the human SI are located between the thumb and lower lip areas and close together...

..Investigations of the cortical processing in pain perception including both first and second pain should provide a better understanding of pain perception and, therefore, contribute to pain relief in clinical medicine...

..To elucidate the temporal features of the cognitive process in two-point discrimination (TPD)...

..In addition, since VAS changes showed a similar relationship with the amplitude changes of cSII, cSII may play a role in pain perception...

..Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), we evaluated the cerebral regions relating to second pain perception ascending through C-fibers and investigated the effect of distraction on each region...

..We investigated the effects of a go/nogo task on event-related potentials (ERPs) evoked by somatosensory stimuli...

..The present results indicate that the TPD process involved evaluation of the distance between the stimuli relatively to that of the preceding stimuli, as well as evaluation of absolute distance between the stimuli...

..This study showed the difference in gating effects on somatosensory perception depending on time periods following stimulation, which may indicate an interaction between motor and somatosensory cortex...

..We have no evidence to support either, but we prefer the latter, since it is difficult to consider why neuronal activities would be increased during sleep...

..This finding may suggest greater effects of cognitive or emotional functions on second pain than the first pain...

..3) N130-P240 are the pain-specific components ascending through A-delta fibers, and closely related to cognitive function, because they were much affected by consciousness, different from the components ascending through A-beta fibers...

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..Our findings combining MEG and ERPs clarified the spatial and temporal processing related to somato-motor inhibition caused in the posterior part of the inferior frontal sulci in the prefrontal cortex in humans...

..The opposite effects of movement on SI and SII cortices indicated that these cortical areas play a different role in the function of the sensorimotor integration and are affected differently by the centrifugal process...

..Though we cannot clearly explain this unusual condition in the Yoga Master, a change of multiple regions relating to pain perception could be responsible, since pain is a complex sensory and emotional experience...

..To determine the existence of a pre-attentively evoked somatosensory mismatch negativity component and to investigate the use of that component in objective clinical diagnostics...

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..To investigate the somatotopic organization of the facial skin area in the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) in humans...

..In the framework of previous studies, the decrease in movement-related rebound may be regarded as a compensatory reaction to the inhibited cortical activity...

..We reviewed the recent progress in electrophysiological studies using electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on human pain perception...

..The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of attention, distraction and sleep on CO(2) laser-evoked potentials (LEP) relating to C-fibers (ultra-late LEP)...

..They are specifically enhanced by painful stimulation due to an increase of signals ascending through A-delta fibers, and are markedly decreased during sleep, because they much involve cognitive function...

..These results suggest that automatic visual change detection is associated with the MOG activity...

..Thus, our results suggest selectivity of the evoked magnetic field at 200 ms after stimulus onset in nonprimary auditory cortex for the spectral fine structure of complex sounds rather than their temporal dynamics...

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..The physiological significance of TLID has not been clarified; however, our previous studies suggest that TLID are associated with mild cerebrovascular dysfunction...

..The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of EEG abnormalities indicative of mild cerebrovascular dysfunction in patients with late-onset depression and to correlate these abnormalities with clinical features...

..e., in ACC) between the imagination of pain and the emotion of fear...

..The phenylalanine breath test is useful for the diagnosis of BH4-responsive PAH deficiency and determination of the optimal dosage of BH4 without increasing blood phenylalanine level...