Kei Yamada

..We will review the past, present, and future of tractography, focusing primarily on its clinical applications...

..CONCLUSIONS: A possible mechanism of differential vulnerability to ischemia of gray and white matter is considered. White matter may have a longer therapeutic time window for neuroprotective treatment than gray matter...

..Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify the rate of incident infarction as depicted on diffusion-weighted images (DWIs) obtained from a general patient population...

..We used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to study white matter integrity in patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD)...

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..We hypothesized that this technique would facilitate the assessment of the progressive nature of neuronal damage seen in cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL)...

..1 degrees C between the two groups was significant. Patients with moyamoya disease tend to have elevated ventricular temperatures, which may represent a mismatch between cerebral metabolism and perfusion...

..We describe a case in which it was depicted by thin slice diffusion weighted imaging. Location to the inferior cerebellar peduncle was confirmed by a fibre tracking method...

..To test the hypothesis that an interval evolution in the location of the depicted sensorimotor tract relative to the infarct (the "tract-infarct relationship") may be related to stroke victims' symptom progression...

..The aim of the study was to test the feasibility of the tractography technique based on diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) for the assessment of small infarcts involving the brainstem...

..To prospectively evaluate the course of sensory fibers through the supratentorial brain with diffusion-tensor-based tractography...

..To identify reproducible anatomical landmarks that would allow predicting the course of the pyramidal tract (PT) through centrum semiovale...

..The purpose of this work was to test the feasibility of using high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI)-based multitensor tractography to depict motor pathways in patients with brain tumors...

..The Vim and VPL are important target regions of the thalamus for DBS. Our aim was to clarify the anatomic locations of the ventral thalamic nuclei, including the Vim and VPL, on MR imaging...

..Pixel-by-pixel image analysis showed that the reversed WMLs tended to have higher lambda1 and lower signal intensity on b = 0 images compared with nonreversed lesions, but by only approximately 10%...

..This diffusion-tensor MR imaging method with the parallel imaging technique allows clinically feasible brain fiber tracking...

..The present study assesses whether administration of gadolinium-based contrast material significantly affects DWI and ADC values...

..We tested the feasibility of a new MRI technique that provides visualization of the sensorimotor tracts in vivo in a group of stroke victims...

..The low-signal zones may represent the areas where there was active proliferation of aspergillus, and the unique location of the low signal may be a helpful imaging characteristic for the diagnosis of an aspergillus abscess...

..Steno-occlusive disease in the parent vessels is another factor that may affect the results of the PWI. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of the calculation methods and underlying vasculopathy on PWI...

..The relationship between the sensorimotor tracts and the AVM was well demonstrated in all patients. Tractography was also helpful in identifying the location of the motor cortex in some of the cases...

..05). In conclusion, the MCP-1 level as well as hsCRP in the blood can be a potential predictive marker of recurrent thrombotic brain infarction, and may reflect inflammation that promotes intracranial large-artery atherosclerosis...

..The study tested the standard b values that are commonly used in the routine clinical setting...

..To compare the diagnostic performance of breast lesions by the enhancement patterns and morphologic criteria on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)...

..The purpose of this study was to test if magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) can reliably characterize the ischemic penumbra...

..The objective of this study was to determine the parameters associated with elevated PDMP levels and examine their relationship with atherosclerotic lesions of main intracranial and extracranial arteries...

..To investigate the effect of gadolinium (Gd)-DTPA on the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of breast carcinoma and to analyze the relationship between pre/postcontrast ADC and the degree of contrast enhancement...

..47 +/- 0.63), especially for supratentorial lesions (rCNR = 1.51 +/- 0.63). CONCLUSION: Compared with conventional DW imaging, thin-section DW imaging permitted better lesion conspicuity and more precise stroke diagnosis...

..DWI-based thermometry demonstrates that ventricular temperature declines with the normal aging process. Further study is warranted to define the relationships between temperature, metabolism and circulation...

..The results suggest that the anterior insular cortex may be related to the pathophysiology of OCD...

..01). The SNR in SENSE MRI is significantly lower than in conventional MRI, although the lesion CNR is significantly higher than in conventional MRI...

..Although previous studies have demonstrated the diagnostic utility of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for prostate cancer, the prognostic value of pretreatment DWI has not been investigated yet...

..Microbleeds not being related to common hemorrhagic risk factors, but being significantly related to white matter pathologies suggested that microbleeds in AD may be associated with CAA, but not with hypertension or CVD...

..Such episodes can result in periventricular leukomalacia, which may substantially influence later brain development. Noninvasive methods of assessing the severity of injury at the earliest stage of life have not yet been established...

..A method enabling objective assessment of verbal function is needed for this purpose. We examined whether diffusion tensor (DT) tractography is of clinical value in assessing aphasia...

..Microstructural white matter abnormalities in the CC, the cingulum, and the ALIC might be involved in the pathophysiology of OCD...

..To investigate the relationship between the degree of contrast enhancement in fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences and tumor signal intensity on T2-weighted images...

..The pathological changes of tissue microstructure can modify the diffusion behavior of water molecules, which can be assessed by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)...

..Although the scoring systems share commonalities, each CDT scoring system may reflect different areas of brain damage...

..The goal of this study was to investigate white matter abnormalities and water diffusivity, as reflected by FA and ADC, using DTI in patients with OCD...

..In conclusion, cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in HAM patients is mainly associated with cardiac sympathetic efferent abnormalities in the upper thoracic segments...

..Although white matter changes visible with MRI are generally considered to result from ischemia, it has become clear that these changes also appear in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, their significance in AD is unknown...

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..The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of MR imaging and brain perfusion single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD)...

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..Taken together, the left amygdala volume may play a role in the presence of certain dysfunctional beliefs in OCD patients...

..To evaluate whether magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features can predict the presence of occult invasion in cases of biopsy-proven pure ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)...

..Little variance in the measured mean transit time was noted. CONCLUSION: Iron-induced susceptibility effect may lead to underestimation of relative cerebral blood flow and relative cerebral blood volume in the basal ganglia...

..This study was performed to determine whether there is a venous return abnormality in the intracranial circulation of patients with iNPH...

..The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of high-resolution computed tomography (CT) images to distinguish between benign and malignant vertebral compression fractures...

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..The histogram curve-fitting methods were more objective and better matched the estimated brain temperature than did classical predetermined thresholding methods, although the standard deviation was wider in the former methods...

..We hypothesized that membrane permeability as well as axonal swelling play important roles, and we therefore constructed a simulation model using random walk simulation to replicate the diffusion of water molecules...

..To establish a practical method that uses concurrent b0 images to standardize the display conditions for diffusion-weighted images (DWI) that vary among institutions and interpreters...

..We demonstrated that preterm infants without apparent white matter lesions affect development of the posterior CC depending on the degree of prematurity...

..05). A subjective evaluation revealed an overall superiority of gray-matter differentiation with TI = 400 msec. CONCLUSION: A TI of 400 msec was the most suitable for this purpose...

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..To determine whether equivalent cross-relaxation rate (ECR) imaging is a feasible method for demonstrating breast cancer...

..Serum aquaporin-4 antibody levels were positive, but there were no visual manifestations or myelitis. Spinal MRI was negative for longitudinally extended transverse myelitis throughout the clinical course...

..ANP suppressed mRNA expressions of TF and PAI-1 induced by Ang II in a concentration-dependent manner. This suppression was accompanied by the decreased activities of TF and PAI-1...

..We speculate that in Stevens-Johnson syndrome, epithelial hyperproliferation, and transglutaminase 1 gene expression lead to the pathological keratinization of ocular surface mucosal epithelia...

..Decreased NAA may reflect neuronal activity in the posterior cingulate gyrus, and this study may contribute to insights into the pathophysiology of FTLD...

..To determine whether the fractional anisotropy (FA) of magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging is decreased in the nigrostriatal projection in parkinsonian patients...

..The purpose of this article was to investigate the effect of voxel size/shape on measured FA by using isotropic and nonisotropic voxels...

..We report a 20-year-old man with a giant-cell tumour of the skull base which showed multiple fluid levels on MRI...

..We assessed the changes in the DTI parameters and histological analyses after nerve injury to examine degeneration and regeneration in the rat sciatic nerves...

..The time required for data acquisition and processing makes this method acceptable for routine clinical use...

..The aim of this study was to compare radiology statistics and procedures across the world with an eye to lightening the workload of radiologists in Japan...

..1)H-CSI provided information that could not be obtained with other imaging techniques. Thus, (1)H-CSI may provide useful information for understanding the pathologic process underlying PC...

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..This is in contrast to the first report in Caucasians, suggesting an interaction with other genetic or environmental factors which influences the risk of myocardial infarction...

..The study examines whether transverse diffusivity could be useful in assessing white matter infarcts of various ages...

..CONCLUSION: The prone oblique position offers the operator a panoramic view of the posterior fossa...

..Thus, these TGase 1 knockout mice may be a useful model for severe cases of LI...

..Although fluid-fluid levels are nonspecific findings, schwannoma should be considered when radiologic images demonstrate marked cystic formation with fluid-fluid levels in extracranial head and neck tumors...

..A possibility that the biopsy contributed to worsening the ulcer can be considered. Except for cases where relapse is apparent, endoscopic biopsy is considered to be avoided...

..The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy and toxicity of this preliminary trial regime and to explore RT guidelines for cirrhosis...

..In comparison with other PKC isoforms, nPKCeta most effectively induced the luciferase activity. We suggest that nPKCeta, an epithelium-specific isoform of PKC, mediates the activation of the TGase 1 transcription...

..To evaluate the diagnostic reliability of CT-based sentinel lymph node (SLN) size criteria for selecting the candidates for direct axillary dissection without SLN biopsy and to determine the value of added contrast-enhanced study...

..CONCLUSION: Our CT criteria were highly accurate for identification and diagnostic assessment of SLN and useful for evaluating the axillary status in patients with breast cancer...

..There is a trend toward improved survival with surgery versus definitive CRT...

..In one patient with NPH, intraventricular lactate disappeared and regional CBF recovered after drainage. CONCLUSION: The intraventricular lactate level may be useful in differentiating NPH from other types of dementia...

..We sought to compare the common method of using orthogonal diameters to estimate lesion volume (the diameter method) with a computer-assisted planimetric technique (the perimeter method)...

..031 and 0.026, respectively). Synergistic effects of the AGT gene polymorphism and clinical risks were not observed. In conclusion, AGT M allele may present a risk of lacunar infarctions in Japanese men, independent of hypertension...

..It is shown that SENSE has opened new horizons in both routine and advanced MR imaging...

..To determine whether and to what degree absolute apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values vary between different imagers, vendors, field strengths, and intraimager conditions...

..Here we discuss the advantages and limitations of fiber-tracking in the field of neurosurgery...

..The lesion, however, was not neoplasia by pathologic diagnosis. By using steroid therapy, the size had been markedly shrunken on the follow-up images. The clinical symptoms were also improved...

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..Lesional contrast enhancement tends to be stronger in immunocompetent hosts...