Naoto Kuroda

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..It is important to differentiate between Sertoli cell tumor and carcinoid tumor because of the positive reaction for neuroendocrine markers in both tumors. Myofibroblasts are a major stromal component of Sertoli cell tumor of the testis...

..This distribution and cytological identification was also confirmed by an ultrastructural study of four cases. Finally, CD34-positive stromal cells and myofibroblasts are major components of human testicular stroma...

..ASMA-positive stromal cells at the fetal side associated with pregnancy may play a role in the production of villous extracellular matrix or regulation of blood flow...

..8%) with MTSCC showed the expression of either chromogranin A or synaptophysin or both. Finally, it is possible that MTSCC may be one of renal neoplasms which frequently exhibit the neuroendocrine differentiation...

..Our results render further evidence that LGTMRN is a distinct entity from the hitherto established renal neoplasms. Foci of clear cells and neuroendocrine differentiation should be added to the histological spectrum of LGTMRN...

..Under these conditions, CD34-positive stromal cells tended to disappear from the connective tissue layer, which exhibited an increase in myofibroblasts...

..Some cases with MTSCC seem to show overlapping histology with low-grade collecting-duct carcinoma. Therefore, further investigation will be needed to elucidate pathobiological characteristics of MTSCC...

..Myofibroblasts and CD34-positive stromal cells may play a role in regulating the tumor growth in the capsule of islet cell tumors of the pancreas...

..Namely, CD34-positive stromal cells existed between neoplastic nests in large-sized carcinoid tumors. Myofibroblasts in the stroma of colorectal neoplasms may originate from CD34-positive stromal cells...

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..Finally, our preliminary report suggests that MMMT of the fallopian tube may contain immature smooth muscle cells or cells with the myofibroblast-like immunohistochemical phenotype in the undifferentiated component...

..Namely, hepatic sinusoids in DMN-induced necrotic areas may partly be reorganized possibly by vasculogenesis...

..Our data suggest that increased iron deposition may be involved in the initiation and perpetuation of rat liver fibrosis. Iron-laden macrophages may influence HSCs through the action of TGF-beta(1) in DMN-induced liver fibrosis...

..It could allow us to evaluate the development and distribution of quiescent HSCs and to examine the relationship between quiescent and activated HSCs...

..To date, there are no reports of metastasis, vascular invasion or sarcomatoid change in MCRCC. Accordingly, nephron sparing surgery is first recommended as a therapeutic strategy...

..Results of our molecular genetic analysis support the idea that high-grade MTSCC is a real counterpart of low-grade MTSCC. There is no evidence to designate such tumors as unclassified renal cell carcinoma...

..Ultrastructurally, hyaline globule-like structures corresponded to lysosomes. Finally, we report here the first case of anaplastic carcinoma of the pancreas with hyaline globule-like structures...

..Finally, pathologists should keep in mind that undifferentiated sarcoma cells in MMMT of the fallopian tube may contain hyaline globule-like structures in the cytoplasm...

..In conclusion, myofibroblastic cells were distributed in the liver and kidney of a patient with MGS and their specific distribution in the liver may be indicative of prestage hepatic fibrosis...

..This is the sixth case of sarcomatoid RCC arising in end-stage kidney disease...

..Finally, many myofibroblasts appearing in the subserosal area of the perforation of appendicitis may be derived from submesothelial cells or mesothelial cells...

..Similar results for stromal cells were obtained in all cases. Our results from this preliminary investigation suggest that CD34-positive stromal cells may disappear from the stroma of IMC as well as IDC...

..Our results supply further evidence that most metaplastic carcinomas may be actually be basallike carcinomas...

..Finally, S100A1 immunohistochemistry may be useful in distinguishing renal oncocytoma from chromophobe RCC, but it may be of no use in the differential diagnosis between renal oncocytoma and oncocytic papillary RCC...

..Finally, myofibroblasts are distributed in the lamina propria of human normal seminal vesicles and may play an important role in the ejection of sperm plasm...

..Additionally, our preliminary report suggests that the stromal response of adenomyoepithelioma may resemble that of intraductal papilloma...

..Additionally, this case showed that D2-40 is a useful marker of basal cells...

..The use of combination immunohistochemistry including cytokeratins 5, 14, and 17 and p63 may contribute to the detection of basal-like carcinoma...

..Finally, the cutoff value of TFE3 immunohistochemistry should be more than 2+ with a wide range. The translocation-type renal carcinoma seems to be quite rare...

..Moreover, osseous metaplasia as well as psammoma bodies should be added to the histological spectrum of the stromal change in RCC associated with Xp11.2 translocations/TFE3 gene fusions...

..Finally, our preliminary report suggests that the immunohistochemical combination of CK7, CK19, and MUC5AC may be an available marker for adenocarcinoma of anal ducts/glands origin...

..In one tumor, no germ line mutation of folliculin gene was identified. Published data show that tumors follow a benign course. Further studies will be necessary to clarify the pathogenesis of renal oncocytosis...

..Further research is required to correlate clinical behavior with the expanding genetic spectrum of this tumor, and to establish standard therapy protocols for primary and metastatic lesions...

..Additionally, micropapillary carcinoma of the colon may cause a similar stromal reaction to conventional adenocarcinoma of the colon...

..In conclusion, we suggest that D2-40 may be an available marker of GISTs, but the expression of D2-40 seems to be not associated with the degree of risk of aggressive behavior...

..Gynecologists and pathologists should bear in mind that adenoid basal carcinoma may arise in a cervical polyp...

..Immunohistochemically, parts of neoplastic cells of LCNEC and calcified foci were positive for osteopontin. Finally, we suggest that osteopontin as well as dystrophy within the tumor may be involved in the stromal calcification of LCNEC...

..Furthermore, TGF-beta 1 may contribute to the formation of fibrosis in the tumors...

..Finally, our preliminary report suggests that immunocytochemical examination of aspiration cytology materials may provide useful information in searching the primary site of breast carcinoma with signet-ring cells...

..Finally, our results provide further evidence that clear cell papillary RCC may be both morphologically and genetically distinct entity from clear cell RCC and papillary RCC...

..Nuclear atypia generally showed low grade. Finally, clinicians, cytotechnologists, and pathologists should recognize this rare tumor entity because this tumor is a malignant neoplasm showing characteristic pathological findings...

..In conclusion, we suggest that endocrine cells in the ureteral urothelial epithelium may be precursor cells of ureteral small cell carcinoma...

..In conclusion, we suggest that the combination study of imprint cytology and FISH of chromosomes 10 and 21 as well as routine histology may contribute to the accurate diagnosis of chromophobe RCC...

..In conclusion, the numerical abnormalities of chromosomes 3 and 16, irrespective of gain or loss, may be characteristic of ACD-associated RCC...

..In conclusion, ACD-associated RCC may be widely recognized as a distinct entity in the near future because this tumor is morphologically and genetically different from other renal tumor entities that have been previously established...

..To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of anal canal neuroendocrine carcinoma with Pagetoid extension into the overlying epithelium of the histological anal canal...

..Even if results are immunohistochemically negative for neuroendocrine markers, the combination of immunohistochemistry of CD99 (MIC2) and Fil-1 may be useful in diagnosing Askin tumor or its metastatic lesion...

..Immunohistochemically, large esosinophilic inclusions were reactive for vimentin. Although these findings are rare in CDCs, they should be recognized in the pathologic spectrum of CDCs. Int J Surg Pathol 12(2):171-177, 2004..

..10%, respectively), ESA (83% vs. 10%), and ERA (83% vs. 10%) (P < 0.001). We recommend immunohistochemical analysis of KAI1, ESA, and ERA to distinguish ChRCC-E from RO...

..Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011; © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc...

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..Pathologists should recognize that PEComa with TFE3 gene fusion can arise even in the kidney...

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..Finally, pathologists should pay attention to the presence of clear cell RCC focally resembling RAT...

..In conclusion, this is the first case of hybrid PNST reported to occur in the nasopharyngeal area. Pathologists should be aware of the possibility that hybrid PNST may present outside soft tissue...

..To our knowledge this is the first case of mixed germ cell tumor arising in a patient with Down's syndrome and cryptorchidism...

..Although the pathogenesis of lipomatous pseudohypertrophy of the pancreas is not clear, the findings in the present case provide further evidence to support the hypothesis that advanced hepatic lesions cause this lesion...

..In contrast, in the surface layer of ulceration, stromal cells expressing only ASMA were observed. The cytokeratin-positive subserosal myofibroblastic cell in human gastroduodenal ulcer is a novel type of myofibroblast...

..Understanding the distribution pattern of myofibroblasts in the stroma of bladder carcinoma may provide available information about the presence of carcinoma invasion...

..There is a possibility that intestinal type GCs invading the subserosa showing tubular and papillary structure may induce myofibroblastic transformation of gastric subserosal stromal fibroblastic cells...

..Additionally, intracytoplasmic lumina were observed in some neoplastic cells. Finally, carcinoma cells with micropapillary morphology may possess the intracytoplasmic lumina in the cytoplasm of metastatic site as well as primary site...

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..These findings suggest that the invasion of renal pelvic and ureteral cancers may cause the phenotypic change of stromal cells...

..Esophageal hepatoid adenocarcinoma seems to be closely associated with Barrett esophagus and show the intestinal phenotype rather than gastric phenotype...

..Small cell carcinoma or sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis is very rare. We believe this is the first such case to be reported in the world...

..These results suggest that CD9 may be a beneficial marker in the differential diagnosis between papillary RCCs and collecting duct carcinomas and also between chromophobe and conventional RCCs...

..These findings indicate that not only liver cells but also HSC can become necrotic in HSV hepatitis. In contrast, in non-necrotic areas, almost all of the HSC showed active transformation to myofibroblasts...

..Lung micropapillary carcinoma of breast type may behave more aggressively than the alveolar type...

..In active paracortical response, both FPCs and FRCs are also stimulated and might play a significant role in the maturation of the lymphocytes...

..In situ hybridization detected type I collagen mRNA in myofibroblasts of the capsule. Myofibroblasts may participate in the capsular formation of conventional and chromophobe RCCs through the collagen production...

..To investigate the smooth muscle nature of the spindle stromal cells in the capsule of thyroid tumours and tumour-like lesions...

..Since papillary RCCs seem to constitute clinically, histologically, and even genetically more heterogenous groups than previously thought, further investigations are needed to characterize the subtype of papillary RCC...

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..FISH analysis may be helpful in establishing the diagnosis of this entity. Furthermore, we present the first report of a patient with MTSCC dying of distant metastasis...

..In conclusion, clinicians and pathologists should keep in mind that the gallbladder may be initially involved in IVL...

..These studies indicate that CD34 is a useful marker of mesangial transformation and that immunohistochemical examination with the anti-CD34 antibody is useful for the diagnosis and stage determination of glomerular diseases...

..Finally, the immunohistochemical panel of smooth muscle markers and ultrastructural and genetic study may be useful in diagnosing renal leiomyoma...

..To investigate the role of CD34 positive stromal cells in the morphogenesis and tumour growth regulation of angiomyomas (vascular leiomyomas)...

..In conventional RCCs with low nuclear grades, beta-catenin expression is generally down-regulated, while it appears to be preserved in those with high nuclear grades...

..These findings suggest the possibility that, in some cases, the adherens junctions of goblet cell carcinoids are similar to those of typical carcinoids rather than to those of adenocarcinomas...

..Therefore, further studies on various aspects are needed to identify the gene responsible for the occurrence of metanephric tumors and, furthermore, to clarify the association among the three types of metanephric tumors...

..Therefore, further studies are needed to elucidate the relationship between chromophobe RCCs and oncocytomas, to confirm whether chromophobe adenoma actually exists or not, and to identify the key gene that causes chromophobe RCCs...

..Our aim was to clarify the characteristics of fetal mesangial cells and glomerular capillary endothelial cells, as well as their changes during glomerulogenesis using immunohistochemistry...

..Despite the apparent rarity of this case, pathologists should be aware of the possibility of carcinomas arising within mammary hamartomas...

..1-32.2. Further studies are needed to elucidate the genetic characteristics of CDCs and to determine the relationship or difference between CDCs and medullary carcinomas...

..Further studies will be necessary to elucidate the significance of vinculin and osteonectin expression in malignant phyllodes tumor...

..Furthermore, both tumors are considered to originate in the reserve cells of the uterine cervix. Because their outcomes are different, they should be distinguished from each other...

..Furthermore, the immunohistochemical examination of ASMA and vimentin may be useful to detect mesangial myofibroblastic transformation that is not demonstrated in conventional light microscopy and immunofluorescence study...

..In addition, paxillin may be an available marker in distinguishing chromophobe RCCs from conventional or papillary RCCs...

..Little is know about genetic alterations in sarcomatoid RCCs. Further studies are therefore needed to identify the key gene involved in sarcomatoid transformation of RCCs...

..Therefore, further studies are needed to resolve these problems and also to elucidate the genetic mechanisms responsible for the occurrence of oncocytomas...

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..Therefore, immunohistochemical identification of ICLs by cytokeratin typing may be useful for differentiating between renal oncocytomas and chromophobe RCCs and be more sensitive in this respect than colloidal iron staining...

..Pathologists should bear in mind that gastric carcinosarcoma may show various types of differentiation...

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..Finally, we identified the third stromal component, namely, myofibroblasts, in the extraadrenal paraganglioma. These myofibroblasts may play a role in the stromal response of host against neoplasm or the regulation of tumor growth...

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