J Takanashi

..It is important for pediatricians to acknowledge that MERS can be observed in patients with Kawasaki disease, especially in older children, and that they might be at high risk for cardiac abnormalities...

..To evaluate the N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) biochemical pathways in the brain of myelin synthesis-deficient (msd) mouse, a model of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD)...

..It is not possible, from the clinical perspective, to completely separate MERS from hyponatremic encephalopathy or to rule out hyponatremia as a contributing factor of MERS...

..This suggests that such reversible lesions are not necessarily restricted to the splenium, but may involve the entire corpus callosum...

..Patients with encephalopathy heralded by a prolonged seizure as the initial symptom often have abnormal subcortical white matter on diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI)...

..It is important for clinicians in Asian countries to recognize and to inform parents that secondary progression may occur even after a brief febrile seizure with influenza...

..The change of the MR imaging findings may have resulted from myelination in the intracortical and subcortical fibers. It is important for clinicians to be aware of the longitudinal changes of the cerebral cortex in lissencephaly...

..These findings support the hypothesis that excitotoxic neuronal damage plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AESD and suggest that MR spectroscopy might be predictive of outcome...

..A reversible splenial lesion with reduced diffusion should be considered as an underlying condition in patients with delirious behavior associated with influenza...

..The reason for the transiently reduced diffusion within the lesions is unknown; possibilities that have been postulated include intramyelinic edema, interstitial edema in tightly packed fibers, and a transient inflammatory infiltrate...

..The possible prior white matter lesions in patients with MERS type 1 may explain the neurological symptoms or EEG abnormalities...

..However, cerebellitis has not attracted much attention. The purpose of this study was to identify and report the clinical and radiologic features of rotavirus cerebellitis...

..The normal size of the corpus callosum, which gives an impression of callosal thickening at first glance, may be an imaging clue to detect patients with CASK mutations...

..Other MRI findings have been reported, including T2 shortening in the white matter, the ivy sign on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images, and medullary streaks on FLAIR or enhanced T1-weighted images...

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..These and previous observations suggest a less severe course and outcome for patients with reversible lesions isolated to the splenium or to the splenium and peripheral frontoparietal white matter...

..CONCLUSION: The clinical features among the affected patients were nearly identical, consisting of relatively mild CNS manifestations and complete recovery within 1 month...

..To assess alterations in brain metabolites in patients with late-onset ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD)...

..Subsequent clinical management should focus on the treatment of the hypertension and/or its underlying causes...

..Magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary gland in children could provide important clues for the diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension or nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome...

..Calcification of the diaphragma sellae, which is a protective barrier against the pulsating action of the cerebrospinal fluid, may cause the empty sella in NBCCS...

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..A 7-year-old boy with acute encephalitis was proved to have Coxiella burnetii infection. Cerebrospinal fluid but not serum had elevated values of interleukins 1-beta and 6, but not of tumor necrosis factor...

..This is most likely to be a severe form of vacuolating leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts, presenting with athetotic movements in the late stage...

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..MRI focusing on the optic nerves and pituitary gland may provide important clues for the diagnosis of IIH, especially those without papilloedema...

..These results suggest that the tapering period is unnecessary after the cessation of spasms...

..To assess alterations in brain metabolites of patients with Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) with the proteolipid protein gene 1 (PLP1) duplications using quantitative proton MRS...

..It is important to make an early diagnosis and a proper management in Gorlin syndrome, which has cancer predisposition...

..MR imaging revealed symmetrical lesions in the central tegmental tract with reduced diffusion, which resolved after treatment. A possible explanation for these lesions is intramyelinic edema resulting from brain insults in utero...

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..We postulate two possible mechanisms for decreased ADC; namely, intramyelinic edema and an inflammatory infiltrate...

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..We report retrocerebellar arachnoid cysts in two male siblings with mental retardation and undescended testis, suggesting the possibility of a genetic basis for at least some cases of retrocerebellar arachnoid cysts...

..These findings presumably reflect the distribution of brain injury from hypoperfusion secondary to hyperammonemia. Knowledge of the MR findings may help expedite diagnosis and treatment and prevent chronic impairment...

..We conclude that 14-3-3 proteins in cerebrospinal fluid are highly detectable in influenza-associated encephalopathy and thus can be used as a rapid diagnostic marker...

..We hypothesize that an unknown genetic factor causes disturbances of cleavage of the prosencephalon as well as neuronal migration and organization...

..We hypothesize that these lesions presumably reflect the distribution of brain injury due to hypoperfusion secondary to hyperammonemia and hyperglutaminemia in the neonatal period...