De Xing Hou

Summary

Affiliation: Kagoshima University
Country: Japan

Publications

  1. ncbi Baicalein induces apoptosis through ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction pathway in HL-60 cells
    Jianwu Wang
    Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
    Int J Mol Med 14:627-32. 2004
  2. ncbi Dynamics of Nrf2 and Keap1 in ARE-mediated NQO1 expression by wasabi 6-(methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate
    De Xing Hou
    The Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Utilization, Education Ministry, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
    J Agric Food Chem 59:11975-82. 2011
  3. ncbi Induction of NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase in murine hepatoma cells by methylsulfinyl isothiocyanates: methyl chain length-activity study
    D X Hou
    Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890 0065, Japan
    Int J Mol Med 6:441-4. 2000
  4. ncbi Oolong tea theasinensins attenuate cyclooxygenase-2 expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated mouse macrophages: structure-activity relationship and molecular mechanisms
    De Xing Hou
    Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, United Graduate School of Agricultural SciencesKagoshima University, Korimoto 1 21 24, Kagoshima City, 890 0065 Japan
    J Agric Food Chem 58:12735-43. 2010
  5. ncbi Anthocyanidins inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 expression in LPS-evoked macrophages: structure-activity relationship and molecular mechanisms involved
    De Xing Hou
    Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1 21 24, Kagoshima City 890 0065, Japan
    Biochem Pharmacol 70:417-25. 2005
  6. ncbi Anthocyanidins induce apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemia cells: structure-activity relationship and mechanisms involved
    De Xing Hou
    Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1 21 24, Kagoshima 890 0065, Japan
    Int J Oncol 23:705-12. 2003
  7. ncbi Delphinidin 3-sambubioside, a Hibiscus anthocyanin, induces apoptosis in human leukemia cells through reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial pathway
    De Xing Hou
    Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1 21 24, Kagoshima 890 0065, Japan
    Arch Biochem Biophys 440:101-9. 2005
  8. ncbi Potential mechanisms of cancer chemoprevention by anthocyanins
    De Xing Hou
    Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1 21 24, Kagoshima 890 0065, Japan
    Curr Mol Med 3:149-59. 2003
  9. ncbi Anthocyanidins inhibit activator protein 1 activity and cell transformation: structure-activity relationship and molecular mechanisms
    De Xing Hou
    Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Japan
    Carcinogenesis 25:29-36. 2004
  10. ncbi Expression of cell adhesion molecule and albumin genes in primary culture of rat hepatocytes
    D X Hou
    Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1 21 24, Kagoshima, 890 0065, Japan
    Cell Biol Int 25:239-44. 2001

Collaborators

Detail Information

Publications42

  1. ncbi Baicalein induces apoptosis through ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction pathway in HL-60 cells
    Jianwu Wang
    Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
    Int J Mol Med 14:627-32. 2004
    ..The findings enhance our understanding of anticancer function of baicalein in herbal medicine...
  2. ncbi Dynamics of Nrf2 and Keap1 in ARE-mediated NQO1 expression by wasabi 6-(methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate
    De Xing Hou
    The Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Utilization, Education Ministry, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
    J Agric Food Chem 59:11975-82. 2011
    ..The findings provide an insight into the mechanisms underlying 6-MSITC in cytoprotection and cancer chemoprevention...
  3. ncbi Induction of NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase in murine hepatoma cells by methylsulfinyl isothiocyanates: methyl chain length-activity study
    D X Hou
    Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890 0065, Japan
    Int J Mol Med 6:441-4. 2000
    ..However, increasing cytotoxicity was also observed by an increase in the methyl chain length. Our results suggested that 4- and 6-MITC as QR inducers appeared to be less toxic and even more potent...
  4. ncbi Oolong tea theasinensins attenuate cyclooxygenase-2 expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated mouse macrophages: structure-activity relationship and molecular mechanisms
    De Xing Hou
    Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, United Graduate School of Agricultural SciencesKagoshima University, Korimoto 1 21 24, Kagoshima City, 890 0065 Japan
    J Agric Food Chem 58:12735-43. 2010
    ..These findings provide the first molecular basis for the anti-inflammatory properties of oolong tea theasinensins...
  5. ncbi Anthocyanidins inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 expression in LPS-evoked macrophages: structure-activity relationship and molecular mechanisms involved
    De Xing Hou
    Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1 21 24, Kagoshima City 890 0065, Japan
    Biochem Pharmacol 70:417-25. 2005
    ..These findings provide the first molecular basis that anthocyanidins with ortho-dihydroxyphenyl structure may have anti-inflammatory properties through the inhibition of MAPK-mediated COX-2 expression...
  6. ncbi Anthocyanidins induce apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemia cells: structure-activity relationship and mechanisms involved
    De Xing Hou
    Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1 21 24, Kagoshima 890 0065, Japan
    Int J Oncol 23:705-12. 2003
    ..The induction of apoptosis by anthocyanins may be the pivotal mechanism by which its chemopreventive action against cancer is based...
  7. ncbi Delphinidin 3-sambubioside, a Hibiscus anthocyanin, induces apoptosis in human leukemia cells through reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial pathway
    De Xing Hou
    Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1 21 24, Kagoshima 890 0065, Japan
    Arch Biochem Biophys 440:101-9. 2005
    ..These findings enhance our understanding for anticancer function of Hibiscus anthocyanins in herbal medicine...
  8. ncbi Potential mechanisms of cancer chemoprevention by anthocyanins
    De Xing Hou
    Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1 21 24, Kagoshima 890 0065, Japan
    Curr Mol Med 3:149-59. 2003
    ..Finally, the bioavailability and structure-activity relationship of anthocyanins are also summarized...
  9. ncbi Anthocyanidins inhibit activator protein 1 activity and cell transformation: structure-activity relationship and molecular mechanisms
    De Xing Hou
    Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Japan
    Carcinogenesis 25:29-36. 2004
    ..Those results demonstrate that anthocyanidins contribute to the inhibition of tumorigenesis by blocking activation of the MAPK pathway. These findings provide the first molecular basis for the anticarcinogenic action of anthocyanidins...
  10. ncbi Expression of cell adhesion molecule and albumin genes in primary culture of rat hepatocytes
    D X Hou
    Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1 21 24, Kagoshima, 890 0065, Japan
    Cell Biol Int 25:239-44. 2001
    ..These results suggest that, in the PVLA-coated culture, hepatocytes expressed cadherin at higher levels to promote cell-cell adhesion and further maintain the differentiated function, such as albumin secretion, for prolonged times...
  11. ncbi Fisetin induces transcription of NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase gene through an antioxidant responsive element-involved activation
    D X Hou
    Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890 0065, Japan
    Int J Oncol 18:1175-9. 2001
    ..These results show that fisetin increases QR activity by transcriptional activation of the ARE/EpRE, suggesting a novel mechanism by which dietary fisetin may be implicated in cancer chemoprevention...
  12. ncbi Primary culture of chicken hepatocytes as an in vitro model for determining the influence of dioxin
    D X Hou
    Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Japan
    Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 65:218-21. 2001
    ..Moreover, the cells showed a sensitive response to 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) by monitoring the expression of P450 1A, theta GST (theta-GST) and albumin genes...
  13. ncbi Transcriptional regulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate: quinone oxidoreductase in murine hepatoma cells by 6-(methylsufinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate, an active principle of wasabi (Eutrema wasabi Maxim)
    D X Hou
    Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 890 0065, Kagoshima, Japan
    Cancer Lett 161:195-200. 2000
    ..Our results suggest a novel mechanism by which dietary wasabi 6-MITC may be implicated in cancer chemoprevention...
  14. ncbi Involvement of reactive oxygen species-independent mitochondrial pathway in gossypol-induced apoptosis
    De Xing Hou
    Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1 21 24, Kagoshima 890 0065, Japan
    Arch Biochem Biophys 428:179-87. 2004
    ..These data suggest that gossypol induces apoptosis in HL-60 cells through ROS-independent mitochondrial dysfunction pathway...
  15. ncbi Green tea proanthocyanidins inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 expression in LPS-activated mouse macrophages: molecular mechanisms and structure-activity relationship
    De Xing Hou
    Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1 21 24, Kagoshima City 890 0065, Japan
    Arch Biochem Biophys 460:67-74. 2007
    ..Thus, our findings provide the first molecular basis that green tea proanthocyanidins with the galloyl moiety might have anti-inflammatory properties through blocking MAPK-mediated COX-2 expression...
  16. ncbi Prodelphinidin B-4 3'-O-gallate, a tea polyphenol, is involved in the inhibition of COX-2 and iNOS via the downregulation of TAK1-NF-kappaB pathway
    De Xing Hou
    Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1 21 24, Kagoshima City 890 0065, Japan
    Biochem Pharmacol 74:742-51. 2007
    ..Taken together, our data indicated that PDG is involved in the inhibition of COX-2 and iNOS via the downregulation of TAK1-NF-kappaB pathway, revealing partial molecular basis for the anti-inflammatory properties of tea PDG...
  17. ncbi A genome-wide microarray highlights the antiinflammatory genes targeted by oolong tea theasinensin A in macrophages
    Jihua Chen
    Course of Biological Science and Technology, United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
    Nutr Cancer 63:1064-73. 2011
    ..Furthermore, pathways analysis revealed that theasinensin A regulated the relevant expression networks of chemokines, interleukins, and interferons to exert its antiinflammatory effects...
  18. ncbi Action of Nrf2 and Keap1 in ARE-mediated NQO1 expression by quercetin
    Shunsuke Tanigawa
    Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1 21 24, Kagoshima City 890 0065, Japan
    Free Radic Biol Med 42:1690-703. 2007
    ..Thus, the findings provide an insight into the mechanisms underlying polyphenolic compounds in cytoprotection and cancer chemoprevention...
  19. ncbi Effects of 6-(methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate on cyclooxygenase-2 expression induced by lipopolysaccharide, interferon-gamma and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
    Takuhiro Uto
    Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1 21 24, Kagoshima City 890 0065, Japan
    Oncol Rep 17:233-8. 2007
    ..These results suggest that LPS, IFN-gamma and TPA regulate COX-2 expression through different mechanisms, and 6-MITC acts as a potent inhibitor of COX-2 expression induced by LPS or IFN-gamma...
  20. ncbi Akt is a direct target for myricetin to inhibit cell transformation
    Takuma Kumamoto
    United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1 21 24, Kagoshima City, 890 0065, Japan
    Mol Cell Biochem 332:33-41. 2009
    ..Overall, our results indicate that Akt is a direct target for myricetin to inhibit cell transformation...
  21. ncbi Myricetin directly targets JAK1 to inhibit cell transformation
    Takuma Kumamoto
    Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1 21 24, Kagoshima City 890 0065, Japan
    Cancer Lett 275:17-26. 2009
    ..Affinity data further demonstrated that myricetin had a higher affinity for JAK1 than STAT3. Thus, our data indicate that myricetin might directly target JAK1 to block cell transformation in mouse JB6 cells...
  22. ncbi Stabilization of p53 is involved in quercetin-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HepG2 cells
    Shunsuke Tanigawa
    Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1 21 24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890 0065, Japan
    Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 72:797-804. 2008
    ..Taken together, our data demonstrate that quercetin stabilized p53 at both the mRNA and protein levels to reactivate p53-dependent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HepG2 cells...
  23. ncbi Expression profiling of genes targeted by bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) in macrophages through DNA microarray
    Jihua Chen
    Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
    Nutr Cancer 60:43-50. 2008
    ..The DNA microarray results provide a molecular basis for the anti-inflammatory effects of bilberry...
  24. ncbi Clarification of the role of quercetin hydroxyl groups in superoxide generation and cell apoptosis by chemical modification
    Kozue Sakao
    Course of Biological Science and Technology, United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1 21 24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890 0065, Japan
    Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 73:2048-53. 2009
    ..These findings directly demonstrate that the hydroxyl groups of quercetin contributed to the generation of intracellular superoxide, consequently inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis in HL-60 cells...
  25. ncbi Rhein induces apoptosis in HL-60 cells via reactive oxygen species-independent mitochondrial death pathway
    Shigang Lin
    Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, 890-0065, Kagoshima City, Japan
    Arch Biochem Biophys 418:99-107. 2003
    ..Our data demonstrate that rhein induces apoptosis in HL-60 cells via a ROS-independent mitochondrial death pathway...
  26. ncbi Gene expression profiling and pathway network analysis of hepatic metabolic enzymes targeted by baicalein
    Si Qin
    Course of Biological Science and Technology, United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1 21 24, Kagoshima 890 0065, Japan
    J Ethnopharmacol 140:131-40. 2012
    ..Baicalein is a flavone originally isolated from the roots of traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Scutellaria baicalensis, which has been proved as a promising chemopreventive compound for many chronic human diseases...
  27. ncbi Molecular mechanism of apoptosis induced by schizandrae-derived lignans in human leukemia HL-60 cells
    Shigang Lin
    Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1 21 24, Kagoshima 890 0065, Japan
    Food Chem Toxicol 46:590-7. 2008
    ..These findings suggest that deoxyschizandrin and gamma-schizandrin-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells involved ROS-independent mitochondrial dysfunction pathway...
  28. ncbi Rhein inhibits TPA-induced activator protein-1 activation and cell transformation by blocking the JNK-dependent pathway
    Shigang Lin
    Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
    Int J Oncol 22:829-33. 2003
    ..Thus, these results provide the first evidence suggesting that rhein inhibits AP-1 activity and cell transformation through the inhibition of a JNK-dependent, ERK- and p38-independent molecular mechanism...
  29. ncbi Molecular mechanisms of echinocystic acid-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells
    Xuhui Tong
    Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima City 890-0065, Japan
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 321:539-46. 2004
    ..These findings indicate that JNK- and p38 kinase-mediated mitochondrial pathways might be involved in EA-induced apoptosis and enhance our understanding of the anticancer function of EA in herbal medicine...
  30. ncbi Microarray and pathway analysis highlight Nrf2/ARE-mediated expression profiling by polyphenolic myricetin
    Si Qin
    Course of Biological Science and Technology, United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan
    Mol Nutr Food Res 57:435-46. 2013
    ..It has been reported to have many bioactivities and considered as a promising chemopreventive compound. The present study aimed to investigate the influences of myricetin on gene expressions in genome-wide and underlying mechanisms...
  31. ncbi Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced cyclooxygenase-2 transcription by 6-(methylsulfinyl) hexyl isothiocyanate, a chemopreventive compound from Wasabia japonica (Miq.) Matsumura, in mouse macrophages
    Takuhiro Uto
    Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima City 890-0065, Japan
    Biochem Pharmacol 70:1772-84. 2005
    ..These findings demonstrate for the first time that 6-MITC is an effective agent to attenuate COX-2 production, and enhance our understanding of the anti-inflammation properties of 6-MITC...
  32. ncbi Flavonoids as protein kinase inhibitors for cancer chemoprevention: direct binding and molecular modeling
    De Xing Hou
    The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima City, Japan
    Antioxid Redox Signal 13:691-719. 2010
    ..Moreover, the molecular modeling data show some hints for creating natural compound-based protein kinase inhibitors for cancer chemoprevention and therapy...
  33. ncbi Cytotoxic, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Varthemia iphionoides Boiss. extracts
    Maher M Al-Dabbas
    Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
    J Ethnopharmacol 108:287-93. 2006
    ..A compound responsible for the antibacterial activity was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract, and identified as 3-oxocostusic acid...
  34. ncbi Biscembranes from the soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum
    Tetsuo Iwagawa
    Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Kagoshima University, 1 21 35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890 0065, Japan
    J Nat Prod 69:1130-3. 2006
    ..Their absolute structures were determined on the basis of the CD spectra...
  35. ncbi Potential chemopreventive properties of extract from baked sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam. Cv. Koganesengan)
    Isselmou Ould Rabah
    Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
    J Agric Food Chem 52:7152-7. 2004
    ..Moreover, the two fractions markedly blocked TPA-induced cell transformation in the JB6 cell line. Taken together, these data suggest that the water extract from baked sweet potato had potential chemopreventive properties...
  36. ncbi Acetyl derivate of quercetin increases the sensitivity of human leukemia cells toward apoptosis
    Kozue Sakao
    Course of Biological Science and Technology, United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
    Biofactors 35:399-405. 2009
    ..These findings provide a valuable strategy to increase the sensitivity of human leukemia HL-60 cells toward apoptosis by modifying quercetin structure...
  37. ncbi Echinocystic acid induces apoptosis in HL-60 cells through mitochondria-mediated death pathway
    Xuhui Tong
    Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima City 890-0065, Japan
    Cancer Lett 212:21-32. 2004
    ..These data suggest that EA induces apoptosis in HL-60 cells through ROS-independent mitochondrial dysfunction pathway...
  38. ncbi 6-(Methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate suppresses inducible nitric oxide synthase expression through the inhibition of Janus kinase 2-mediated JNK pathway in lipopolysaccharide-activated murine macrophages
    Takuhiro Uto
    Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Japan
    Biochem Pharmacol 70:1211-21. 2005
    ..These findings provide the molecular basis for the first time that 6-MITC is an effective agent to attenuate iNOS production...
  39. ncbi Potential chemopreventive properties of anthocyanin-rich aqueous extracts from in vitro produced tissue of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.)
    Izabela Konczak-Islam
    Food Science Australia, CRC for Bioproducts, Riverside Life Science Centre, 11 Julius Avenue, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia
    J Agric Food Chem 51:5916-22. 2003
    ..Among them, nonacylated cyanidin 3-sophoroside-5-glucoside dominated. It is speculated that the presence of this anthocyanin contributed toward enhanced activities of MM extract...
  40. ncbi Response of cyclin B1 to ionizing radiation: regulation by NF-kappaB and mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme MnSOD
    Munetaka Ozeki
    Radiation Biology, Division of Radiation Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA
    Anticancer Res 24:2657-63. 2004
    ....
  41. ncbi Myb controls G(2)/M progression by inducing cyclin B expression in the Drosophila eye imaginal disc
    Masahiro Okada
    Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, RIKEN Tsukuba Institute and CREST Research Project of JST Japan Science and Technology Corporation, 3 1 1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 0074, Japan
    EMBO J 21:675-84. 2002
    ..Mutations of the multiple AACNG sequences in the cyclin B promoter also abolished the promoter activity. These results indicate that dMyb regulates the G(2)/M transition by inducing cyclin B expression via binding to its promoter...
  42. ncbi Phenolic composition and radical scavenging activity of sweetpotato-derived shochu distillery by-products treated with koji
    Makoto Yoshimoto
    Department of Upland Farming Research, National Agricultural Research Center for Kyushu Okinawa Region, Yokoichi 6651 2, Miyakonojo, Miyazaki 885 0091, Japan
    Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 68:2477-83. 2004
    ..Further koji treatment of sweetpotato shochu-distillery by-products may be applicable to mass production of caffeic acid...