J Kamei

..abstract:..

..Furthermore, stimulation of P2X receptors, especially P2X4 receptors, on rapidly adapting receptors may be required for the ATP-induced enhancement of the cough reflex sensitivity...

..Moreover, these effects of CDP-choline may result from the normalization of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity...

..Moreover, L-carnosine combined with zinc shows more potent amelioration of abnormal sensory perception in diabetic mice than by itself...

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..We suggest that aripiprazole augments the antidepressant-like effect of fluoxetine without affecting glucose metabolism...

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..In this review, we study the possibility of the delta-opioid receptor antagonist as a new concept for central acting antitussive drugs...

..Chotoko is an effective component of YKS for producing an anxiolytic-like effect. The effective compound(s) should be contained, at least in part, in the water-soluble fraction of YKS...

..These results suggest that the decrease in morphine-induced respiratory depression under chronic pain is mediated by the enhancement of 5-HT4a receptor systems in the brainstem...

..The present findings indicate that TTX-resistant sodium channels may play an important role in the enhancement of C-fiber-mediated cough pathways. Furthermore, ambroxol may prove to be a useful cough suppressant...

..Thus, activation of PKC may underlie the neuronal sensitisation that produces hyperalgesia in diabetic neuropathy...

..restrictus by itself, that is without subsequent allergen challenge, enhances the excitability of cough receptors to tussive stimuli, and the physiologic features of this animal model are consistent with those of atopic cough...

..These results suggest that G. radix contains a potent antitussive compound, liquilitin apioside, whose antitussive effect may depend on both peripheral and central mechanisms...

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..Furthermore, ATP might act not only on P2X receptors to directly activate rapidly adapting receptors, but also on P2Y receptors to increase histamine release, indirectly increasing the cough reflex sensitivity...

..Our results suggest that the systemic administration of second-generation histamine-H(1)-receptor antagonists may produce a central nervous system depressant effect in diabetes...

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..This effect may be, at least in part, mediated by the inhibition of TTX-R sodium channel-mediated nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord...

..These results suggest that cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors may have a therapeutic benefit in reducing coughs...

..In addition, we proposed that the improvement in the noradrenergic abnormalities in the frontal cortex due to methylphenidate treatment may play a key role in the improvement of impulsive-like behaviors observed in OBX mice...

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..These results suggest that Cdk5-dependent factors are involved in C-fiber-mediated cough signaling...

..Furthermore, in diabetic mice, SSRIs and selective NA reuptake inhibitors did not affect immobility time even though the prolonged duration of immobility was suppressed by pretreatment with diazepam...

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..In this study, we studied a small synthetic dipeptide related to SP1-7 and endomorphin-2, i.e. Phe-Phe amide, using the tail-flick test and von Frey filament test in diabetic and non-diabetic mice...

..The heightened anxiety in diabetic mice may be due to the dysfunction of the benzodiazepine receptor and/or of central inhibitory systems...

..p.) and epinastine (1 mg/kg s.c.). These results suggest that epinastine may be a useful constituent opioid-containing antitussive preparation that would not enhance the potential for psychological dependence...

..These results suggest that forced walking stress-induced antinociception is mediated by spinal delta 1-opioid receptors in mice...

..TAN-67 (0.3-3.0 microg, i.t.), by itself, did not facilitate the tail-flick response or produce apparent behavioral changes. It is possible that (+)-TAN-67 has an antagonistic effect on nociceptin/orphanin FQ-induced antinociception...

..These results suggest that a spinal delta1-opioid receptor-mediated endogenous antinociceptive system may inhibit the formalin-induced second phase of the nociceptive response in diabetic mice...

..Dihydrocodeine at doses of 30 and 56 mg/kg, p.o., dose-dependently but not significantly reduced the number of allergic coughs. These results suggest that moguisteine may be of a therapeutic benefit in reducing allergic coughs...

..These results support our previous hypothesis that mu1- rather than mu2-, delta- or kappa-opioid receptors are involved in the antinociceptive effects of buprenorphine...

..Furthermore, the results of this study suggest that the reduction of substance P-mediated nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord may be responsible for the antinociceptive effect of nociceptin/orphanin FQ...

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..In conclusion, (+)-matrine produced an antinociceptive effect mainly through the activation of kappa-opioid receptors and partially through mu-opioid receptors...

..Furthermore, factor(s) derived from spleen cells of diabetic mice during the incipient stages of diabetes may play a role in the enhancement of dopaminergic neurotransmission...

..In conclusion, (-)-TAN-67, but not its enantiomer (+)-TAN-67, produced an antinociceptive effect through the activation of delta 1-opioid receptors...

..Furthermore, the scratching behavior produced by norbinaltorphimine may be due in part to the release of histamine followed by antagonism of kappa-opioid receptors...

..Thus, it seems likely that thermal allodynia and hyperalgesia in diabetic mice may be due to the sensitization of vanilloid VR1 receptors in primary sensory neurons in the spinal cord...

..The results indicated that the reduction of endomorphin-2-induced antinociception in diabetic mice might be due, at least in part, to the activation of CCK(2) receptors...

..These results indicate that the thermal allodynia and hyperalgesia in diabetic mice may be due, at least in part, to the activation of CCK(B) receptors followed by the activation of PKC in the spinal cord...

..These results suggest that the change in bradykinin-induced thermal hyperalgesia in diabetic mice may be due, at least in part, to the modification of nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord by the activation of protein kinase C...

..Although it is well established that different forms of stress produce a pronounced antinociception, the effect of diabetes on psychological stress-induced antinociception is not yet clear...

..These results suggest that the change in the formalin-induced nociceptive response in diabetic mice may be due, at least in part, to the modification of nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord by intracellular calcium...

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..Furthermore, the attenuation of DAMGO-induced antinociception in C57BL/KsJ-db/db diabetic mice may be due in part to increased tyrosine kinase activity as a result of hyperinsulinemia...

..Pretreatment with haloperidol also markedly reduced the antitussive effects of (+/-)-pentazocine and dextromethorphan. These results suggest that haloperidol-sensitive sigma-sites may be involved in the regulation of coughs...

..The increased sensitivity to dihydrocodeine in terms of the depression of frequency of respiration and the cough reflex in 5,7-DHT-treated rats could possibly have been due to changes in the sensitivity of serotonergic receptors...

..c. fluvoxamine or i.t. 5-HT in the chronic state of sciatic nerve ligation-induced neuropathic pain may be related to opioidergic activity, mainly through the activation of spinal mu- and delta-opioid receptors...

..In conclusion, we suggest that leptin exerts the antidepressant-like effect in diabetic mice mediated by, at least in part, 5-HT2 receptors...

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..This result indicates that compounds possessing the quinolizidin-2-one ring system as the basic structure may be possible lead compounds for a new type of diabetes drug...

..In addition, this test is convenient for assaying anxiolytic drugs that affect serotonergic neurotransmission...

..We conclude that hydrocortisone is a useful drug for the treatment of CSW after SAH...

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..v.), but not diazepam (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.). CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that the abnormal diazepam-insensitive benzodiazepine receptor function partly underlies the suppression of DOI-HTRs in diabetic mice...

..Plasma corticosterone levels in diabetic mice were significantly higher than that in nondiabetic mice. These results suggest that the antidepressant-like effect mediated by 5-HT(1A) receptors may be attenuated by diabetes...

..Furthermore, it is possible that delta-opioid-receptor agonists might be novel and potent antidepressants that also have anxiolytic-like effects...

..Defining the roles of candidate neuronal systems in antidepressant-induced neural changes are likely to transform the course of research on the biological basis of mood disorders...

..It is possible that the decreased sensitivity to both opioid and nonopioid antitussive drugs, in terms of the depression of the cough reflex, in morphine-dependent rats may be due to changes in the number of serotonin receptors...

..Furthermore, it is possible that ATP-sensitive K+ channels may be involved in the antitussive effects of peripherally acting non-narcotic antitussive drugs...

..These results suggest that the antinociceptive effects of oxycodone may be mediated by mu- and kappa-opioid receptors in diabetic mice, whereas it may interact primarily with mu-opioid receptors in non-diabetic mice...

..Furthermore, we propose that if the Rho/ROCK pathway plays an important role in mediating anxiety-related behaviors in humans, it may prove to be a novel system for anxiolytics to target...

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..These results suggest that the adrenergic and nonadrenergic inhibitory innervations may mediate the reflex tracheal dilatation, especially in a hypertonic tracheal condition...

..These results provide evidence of the prophylactic and therapeutic potential of ALC on the progressive diabetic neuropathy...

..In addition, the antidepressant-like effect of chlorpheniramine may be induced by several mechanisms that are different from those involved in the antidepressant-like effect of imipramine...

..In addition, we suggest the possibility that the dysfunction of stress-elicited 5-HT release, but not basal 5-HT release, causes the increased expression of fear-related behavior in diabetic mice...

..These results suggest that although primarily interacts with mu(1)-opioid receptor, kappa-opioid receptors are also strongly involved in oxycodone-induced antinociception...

..These results suggest that TRK-820 has antipruritic activity which is mediated by kappa-opioid receptors, and is effective in both antihistamine-sensitive and -resistant pruritus...

..In conclusion, we suggest that the altered neuronal system mediated by the activation of histamine H(1) receptors is involved, at least in part, in the depressive-like behavior seen in diabetic mice...

..It has been reported that many of the behavioral and serotonergic neuronal changes observed in olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) were improved by subchronic administration of a variety of antidepressants...

..In conclusion, we demonstrated that subchronic SNC80 treatment could completely reverse OBX-induced behavioral abnormalities and defects in serotonergic function...

..c.v. may stimulate the descending dynorphinergic neuron, resulting in the stimulation of KORs in the spinal cord, and this phenomenon in turn produces the antinociception in mice...

..The dysfunction of kappa-opioid receptor subtypes in diabetic mice may underlie this CNS region-specific variation in the effects of these kappa-opioid receptor agonists...

..In addition, we suggest that the hyperemotional behavior characterized by head-dipping behavior in OBX mice was selectively reversed by benzodiazepine and non-benzodiazepine anxiolytics...

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..No hypoglycemic effect of a 4-piperidone-type compound was observed. These results indicate that compounds possessing double bond(s) in the A ring of multiflorine may be lead compounds for a new type of diabetes drug...

..These results indicate that dysfunction of the L-arginine/NO/cGMP cascade in the spinal cord may trigger vincristine-induced thermal hyperalgesia in mice...

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..In this review, we summarized the effect of STZ-induced diabetes on the function of the central nervous system in rodents and the similarity to the clinical features of several psychiatric disorders such as depression...

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..In this report, we provide an overview of the approaches in the discovery of new antidepressants using these affective disorder models...

..40 microg/kg)...

..A light microscopic image showed glomerular decrement, tubular dilation and atrophy and vacuolation of parenchyma. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that the DXR model using Method C develops CRF within 4 weeks...

..Although the BI model rats exhibited SAH of grade 4, the volume of urine and Na excretion did not change. Therefore, our conclusion is that the spread of bleeding in the subarachnoid space may not cause CSW...

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..These results suggest a possibility that the antidepressant-like effect mediated by the activation of 5-HT1A receptors may be attenuated by diabetes...

..Thus, it is likely that cetirizine may be a useful constituent in opioid-containing, antitussive preparations that would not potentiate the development of psychological dependence...

..These results suggest that in rat VSMCs lysoPC regulates COX-2 expression and PG production and also modulates cell proliferation through p38MAPK-mediated signaling pathways...

..Plum treatment significantly increased plasma adiponectin concentrations and PPARgamma mRNA expression in adipose tissue from Wistar fatty rats. Plum thus may increase insulin sensitivity in these rats via adiponectin-related mechanisms...

..Since this rate is about 27-80 times higher than that used clinically in maintenance treatment, Veen 3G is suggested to be safe, with the exception of polyuria, in clinical situations at the standard infusion rate (5-15 ml/kg/h)...

..This attenuation may be, in part, due to the normalization of increased peripheral NO contents in the hindpaw of diabetic mice...

..CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that a neuronal network that causes head-twitch responses by triggering by the activation of 5-HT(2A) receptors may be altered by type-1 diabetes in mice...

..Furthermore, alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonism might have an inhibitory effect on presynaptic dopaminergic neurotransmission in the limbic forebrain in diabetic mice...

..Based on these results, we suggest that the enhanced response to central delta1-opioid receptors in diabetic mice is involved, at least in part, in the spatial learning impairment in the Morris water maze test...

..Findings on the association between the spinal RhoA/ROCK pathway and diabetic painful neuropathy may lead to new strategies for its treatment...

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..It is possible that sigma-receptor ligands may be useful as therapeutic drugs against retinal disease with ischemia-induced neuronal cell death such as retinal artery occlusion, diabetes mellitus or glaucoma...