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..Although multiple mechanisms likely underlie resistance of cancer cells to anticancer drugs, including overexpression of transporters, the relationship of glycans to drug resistance is not well understood...

..However, a number of resistance mechanisms have been reported and are thought to be the reason for the difficulties in solving drug-resistance problems...

..Indication of hepatocellular carcinoma. Milan criteria. United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) tumor staging. Alfa-fetoprotein (AFP). Protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonism factor II (PIVKA II)...

..We sought to determine the outcome of living donor liver transplantation (LDLTx) in 316 adult patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)...

..9%). Survival was not influenced by the type of graft. 3. There were no donor deaths (0%); 9.3% of donors experienced mild to moderate complications. Biliary complications were the most frequent. 4. Overall recipient survival was 72.4%...

..CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that a type II PLA2 inhibitor, LY329722, attenuated hepatic I/R injury caused by a 2-hr THVE model in dogs...

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..0446; overall survival, p=0.0788). Intratumoral dThdPase activity might be a useful marker for predicting responsiveness to doxifluridine treatment in the adjuvant setting...

..Therefore, anatomical and volumetric analysis is important for preoperative evaluations...

..These results indicate that the 4D11 appears to be a promising candidate for immunosuppression in clinical organ transplantation...

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..In addition, to expand the current limited transplant indications for HCC, the efficacy of perioperative anticancer treatment and the importance of molecular diagnosis of circulating hepatoma cells must be determined in future...

..No serious side effects, including thromboembolic complications, were noted in the ASKP1240-treated monkeys. We conclude that CD40 blockade by ASKP1240 would be a desirable immunosuppressant for clinical liver transplantation...

..This analysis was performed to evaluate clinical factors such as local tumor control, control of distant metastasis, survival, and complications in children and adolescents with thyroid carcinoma...

..To guarantee safe and effective fluconazole therapy, the trough levels should be monitored routinely during CHDF...

..Alveolar echinococcosis of the liver (AEL) is a zoonosis that is distributed in cold regions of the northern hemisphere. The disease is mostly found in adults and rarely in pediatric patients because it tends to be slow growing...

..In this study, we examined the clinicopathological significance of the mesothelin expression in gastric cancer, especially in terms of its association with the staining pattern...

..The microscopic findings were characteristic of cystic thymoma. The literature on cystic thymoma is reviewed here and the clinical characteristics of cystic thymoma are discussed...

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..CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrated that the local renin-angiotensin system might play a role in hepatic microcirculation. AT1 receptor blockade with CV-11974 attenuated hepatic microcirculatory disturbance and ameliorated I/R injury...

..Taken together, these results suggest that MIF could promote both tumor cell growth and angiogenesis induced by LPA via both the Ras-MAPK and Ras-Akt/PI3K signaling pathways...

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..Stat3-C induced cell proliferation of beta-cells without loss of insulin secretion activity at the glucose challenge, and HGF enhanced the beta-cell proliferative activity of Stat3-C...

..These results indicate that E1AF positively regulates transcription from MT1-MMP genes, which plays an important role in invasion and metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue by converting pro-MMP-2 into active-MMP-2...

..In addition, details are provided on the newer immunosuppressive agents: mycophenolate mofetil, sirolimus, and the IL-2 receptor antagonists, as well as agents in development: CAMPATH 1-H, thymoglobulin, everolimus, FT720, and FK778...

..This experience indicates that the portacaval shunt would overcome SFSGS in the early period of LDLT, while it would cause the graft atrophy and the graft dysfunction in the late period of LDLT...

..The literature on such injuries is reviewed here, and the problems associated with treating children with perforation of the piriform recessus and mediastinitis caused by swallowed glass splinters are discussed...

..One patient was found to have a partial response; another had a stable disease, sustained through 6 months. These results encourage further development of CTL precursor-oriented vaccine for colorectal cancer patients...

..0045). Gastric emptying studies can be easily and reliably carried out in children with NI using (13)C- ABT. We showed that we were able to determine the gastric emptying rate by (13)C- ABT in patients with GER due to NI...

..We report this case to emphasize that the first-line treatment for a hepatopulmonary fistula caused by HAE should be radical surgery, which results in relief of symptoms and a good outcome...

..Identification of a noninvasive marker that could predict the biological behavior as well as the prognosis of HCC would indeed be a major breakthrough...

..The mortality rates associated with hepatectomy are still not zero. Our aim was to define the risk factors for complications and to evaluate our perioperative management...

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..The nomogram that we have constructed, based on graft size (GV/SV ratio), will easily provide optimal dose for each patient with small-for-size graft in the early postoperative period...

..DFPP appeared to be effective in reducing HCV viremia and preventing HCV recurrence in patients with high HCV RNA levels after LDLT. Moreover, it may become a rescue therapy for FCH in a liver transplant recipient with hepatitis C...

..We analyzed a single-center experience with 25 patients undergoing pulmonary resection of metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma to examine the clinical factors and outcomes...

..Furthermore, the possible neuropathic cause of SDI complicated with disorders of ICC was explored in this report...

..Bridge hepatectomy followed by salvage liver transplantation has been proposed for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and preserved liver function...

..Laparoscopic liver biopsy combining the use of laparoscopic CPBF and an ABC handpiece can be performed safely, is less invasive, and provides sufficient samples for examination both by microscopy and enzyme activity assays...

..We review the literature on this type of relationship between BA and ITP and discuss the clinical features of this complication. Furthermore, the possible cause of the onset of ITP complicated with BA was explored in this report...

..The aim of the present study was to retrospectively determine the clinical factors affecting the outcome after birth in prenatally diagnosed sacrococcygeal teratomas (SCT)...

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..Furthermore, the possible cause of the onset of hyperplastic polyp of the gallbladder complicated by PBM was explored in this report...

..Inclusion of tumor markers in addition to parameters of tumor morphology might be the key to establish the best criteria for liver transplantation for HCC...

..Prediction and prevention of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence is an important clinical issue. We investigated whether HBV DNA level and antiviral therapy are associated with HCC recurrence...

..The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of anatomical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that meets the Milan criteria...

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..The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) in the main trunk or the first branch is very poor...

..Intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma after curative surgery was treated with pharmacokinetic modulation chemotherapy (PMC) as adjuvant chemotherapy...

..0681). Cytoplasmic expression of CD133 was a significant risk factor for the overall survival of HCC patients. Patients with stage III and IVA HCC showing positive cytoplasmic expression of CD133 are more likely to have a worse prognosis...

..To determine whether detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells by real-time quantitative RT-PCR targeting of alpha-fetoprotein mRNA (AFP mRNA) before or after curative hepatectomy predicts HCC recurrence and patient survival...

..This report describes the use of spiral computed tomography with 3-dimensional reconstruction for visualization of the extent of multiple mesenteric teratomas...

..We conclude that clinicians should consider that PSVT might occur after splenectomy for a huge splenomegaly or after a total colectomy for ulcerative colitis...

..Bone marrow suppression was seen at higher doses. CONCLUSIONS: FK778 is a promising new immunosuppressant that may be used in combination with current standard drugs in organ transplantation...

..The 5-year survival rates for groups A and B were 62.9% and 63.8%, respectively, showing no significant difference (P = 0.7996)...

..We evaluated whether treatment with either FTY720 or CTLA4IgG, or with combination FTY720 and CTLA4IgG could preserve the respiratory epithelium and inhibit the development of obliterative airway disease...

..The purpose of this study was to determine clinical roles for 3D CT hepatic venography in the evaluation of peripheral hepatic venous anatomy during living-donor liver transplantation...

..FTY720 holds promise as a candidate in a new category of drugs that can be combined with conventional agents for induction and maintenance immunosuppression in clinical organ transplantation...

..We assessed the impact of synchronous and metachronous bilateral breast cancer on the prognosis compared with unilateral breast cancer...

..CONCLUSIONS.: Gene therapy-based co-stimulation blockade with FK779 induction treatment seems to be an attractive strategy with which to control xenograft rejection...

..This report describes the use of superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to diagnose fibronodular hyperplasia of the liver in a 12-year-old girl...

..In conclusion, the attenuation of ice crystallization by syAFGP improves islet survival and function following cryopreservation and thawing...

..Using the new hepatocyte preparation method followed by a spinning culture, we were able to produce hepatocyte spheroids in as few as 6 h...

..To further assess the role of MIF in tumorigenesis, we established MIF transgenic mice, which demonstrated that tumor growth and the associated angiogenesis were significantly enhanced in comparison with control mice...

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..To clarify the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of alveolar echinococcosis in the liver...

..This strategy, however, was not enough to induce tolerance to skin grafts and to avoid chronic rejection, as shown in the liver-transplantation model...

..7%, involving 2 of 30 procedures in total. In conclusion, PTA is effective for treatment of hepatic artery stenosis after living donor liver transplantation without an increase in the complication rate...

..In these cases, when the area drained by the MHV tributary was excluded, GV/SV ratio were 26.1% and 35.7%, respectively. Based on this data, we reconstructed a large MHV tributary in both cases...

..The aim of this study was to determine an appropriate management plan for childhood and adolescent FNH, in particular to establish an algorithm for preoperative diagnosis and treatment...

..9, 63.6 and 28.8 h. CVVHD did not cause a decrease in the blood tacrolimus concentration. Adjustment to the dose or dosing interval is not required for patients treated with tacrolimus during CVVHD...

..The method also permitted total cellular glycomics analysis of human prostate cancer cells and normal human prostate epithelial cells. These results demonstrate the potentials of glycan enrichment/processing for biomarker discovery...

..Thus, regulation of hepatic tissue cyclic nucleotides is an important alternative for prevention of hepatic damage in liver preservation and surgery...

..However, thromboembolic complications have prevented clinical application. Thus, blockade of the counter molecule by a novel fully human anti-CD40 mAb, 4D11, is an attractive alternative...

..The intracellular accumulation of EPI was decreased in HLE-EPI and HLE-MIT cells. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that both MDR1 and BCRP can up-regulate the efflux of EPI causing resistance to EPI in HLE-EPI and HLE-MIT cells...

..Also, with reduced consumption of platelets related to recovery from surgery, thrombocytopenia should resolve. As a consequence, TPO level would be expected to fall...

..Living donor liver transplantation appears to represent a cost-effective medical technology...

..Blocking both NF-kappaB and NFAT by DHMEQ and tacrolimus induces potent immunosuppression, which may become a new modality in controlling allograft rejection...

..We attempted to prevent islet apoptosis during isolation by a novel NF-kappaB inhibitor, dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ)...

..Taken together, these results suggest that MIF has the potential to promote tumor growth and angiogenesis in the early phase and, by contrast, this protein could activate CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and NK cells, leading to tumor regression...

..Because nuclear factor κB is a transcription factor that plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of asthma, DHMEQ may be of therapeutic benefit in asthma...

..Furthermore, the possible cause of indirect inguinal hernia containing the uterus, ovaries, and Fallopian tubes was explored...

..More importantly, we also demonstrated that the long-term acceptance of allografts was achieved after the termination of CTLA4IgG expression, while the immune response against adenovirus was restored...

..The literature on such injuries is reviewed here, and the problems associated with the treatment of children with esophageal stenosis associated with RDEB are discussed...

..In this report, we transplanted minimally differentiated HHE6E7T-1 cells into the spleens of acute liver failure severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice to examine the potential of the cells to redifferentiate in vivo...

..Subsequently, BA was suspected to be the cause of these bleeding disorders based on imaging findings. BA should therefore be considered in all infants with sudden onset of a tendency to bleed...

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..0%. The mean survival period of these cases was 12.5 +/- 4.2 months. CONCLUSION: Modified PMC had no severe side effect and was effective for advanced unresectable HCC...

..These findings indicated that anchorage-independent growth regulated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway plays a critical role in metastasis, and that this could be a potential therapeutic target to combat metastasis...

..Simultaneous local gene therapy with IL-12 will further improve clinical efficacy without placing the patient at risk for systemic toxicity...

..Collectively, our results suggest that a loss of the cisplatin sensitivity is at least in part due to a lack of cisplatin-induced p53 phosphorylation, and p73 might cooperate with MDM2 to be involved in this process...

..This study determined whether ICOS plays an essential role in rejection of intrahepatic islet allografts in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice...

..Those cases treated with rehepatectomy and transarterial chemoembolization survived about 1,200 days without tumor recurrence...

..Our selected genes are likely to be effective drug-sensitivity markers and formulae using the 9 novel genes would provide advantages in prediction...

..The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia (26.7%) and general fatigue (6.7%). The simultaneous combination treatment of EPI and DOC is effective for primary chemotherapy and can be performed safely even for outpatients...

..The identified proteins may be candidates for prognostic markers and contribute to the improvement of existing therapeutic strategies...

..Growth rates of HCC for 7 days of culture were significantly lower than those of breast cancers (1.04 vs 3.61). The culture methods for HCC in CD-DST should be improved to estimate accurate results...

..05). CONCLUSIONS: The current clinical study showed the critical involvement of Akt phosphorylation in the aggressiveness of HCC. The potential benefits of surgery should be assessed carefully in patients with any of these risk factors...