Misako Matsumoto

Summary

Affiliation: Hokkaido University
Country: Japan

Publications

  1. ncbi TLR3: interferon induction by double-stranded RNA including poly(I:C)
    Misako Matsumoto
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita ku, Sapporo 060 8638, Japan
    Adv Drug Deliv Rev 60:805-12. 2008
  2. ncbi Oligomerized TICAM-1 (TRIF) in the cytoplasm recruits nuclear BS69 to enhance NF-kappaB activation and type I IFN induction
    Hiromi Takaki
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita ku, Sapporo, Japan
    Eur J Immunol 39:3469-76. 2009
  3. ncbi A molecular mechanism for Toll-IL-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor molecule-1-mediated IRF-3 activation
    Megumi Tatematsu
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita ku, Sapporo 060 8638, Japan
    J Biol Chem 285:20128-36. 2010
  4. ncbi Homo-oligomerization is essential for Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor molecule-1-mediated NF-kappaB and interferon regulatory factor-3 activation
    Kenji Funami
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
    J Biol Chem 283:18283-91. 2008
  5. ncbi DEAD/H BOX 3 (DDX3) helicase binds the RIG-I adaptor IPS-1 to up-regulate IFN-beta-inducing potential
    Hiroyuki Oshiumi
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita ku, Sapporo, Japan
    Eur J Immunol 40:940-8. 2010
  6. ncbi Identification of a polyI:C-inducible membrane protein that participates in dendritic cell-mediated natural killer cell activation
    Takashi Ebihara
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita ku, Sapporo 060 8638, Japan
    J Exp Med 207:2675-87. 2010
  7. ncbi Soluble G protein of respiratory syncytial virus inhibits Toll-like receptor 3/4-mediated IFN-beta induction
    Masashi Shingai
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita ku, Sapporo 060 8638, Japan
    Int Immunol 20:1169-80. 2008
  8. ncbi Direct binding of TRAF2 and TRAF6 to TICAM-1/TRIF adaptor participates in activation of the Toll-like receptor 3/4 pathway
    Miwa Sasai
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita ku, Sapporo, Japan
    Mol Immunol 47:1283-91. 2010
  9. ncbi Development of mouse hepatocyte lines permissive for hepatitis C virus (HCV)
    Hussein Hassan Aly
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
    PLoS ONE 6:e21284. 2011
  10. ncbi Toll-like receptor 3 signaling converts tumor-supporting myeloid cells to tumoricidal effectors
    Hiroaki Shime
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita ku, Sapporo 060 8638, Japan
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109:2066-71. 2012

Collaborators

Detail Information

Publications47

  1. ncbi TLR3: interferon induction by double-stranded RNA including poly(I:C)
    Misako Matsumoto
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita ku, Sapporo 060 8638, Japan
    Adv Drug Deliv Rev 60:805-12. 2008
    ..In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on TLR3 and discuss its possible role in innate and adaptive immunity...
  2. ncbi Oligomerized TICAM-1 (TRIF) in the cytoplasm recruits nuclear BS69 to enhance NF-kappaB activation and type I IFN induction
    Hiromi Takaki
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita ku, Sapporo, Japan
    Eur J Immunol 39:3469-76. 2009
    ....
  3. ncbi A molecular mechanism for Toll-IL-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor molecule-1-mediated IRF-3 activation
    Megumi Tatematsu
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita ku, Sapporo 060 8638, Japan
    J Biol Chem 285:20128-36. 2010
    ..Upon stimulation of TLR3/4, TICAM-1 oligomerizes through the TIR domain and the C-terminal region, which may break the intramolecular association and induce a conformational change that allows TBK1 access to TICAM-1...
  4. ncbi Homo-oligomerization is essential for Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor molecule-1-mediated NF-kappaB and interferon regulatory factor-3 activation
    Kenji Funami
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
    J Biol Chem 283:18283-91. 2008
    ..Thus, full activation and formation of TICAM-1 signalosomes requires oligomerization induced at two different sites and RIP1 binding...
  5. ncbi DEAD/H BOX 3 (DDX3) helicase binds the RIG-I adaptor IPS-1 to up-regulate IFN-beta-inducing potential
    Hiroyuki Oshiumi
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita ku, Sapporo, Japan
    Eur J Immunol 40:940-8. 2010
    ..Forced expression of DDX3 augmented virus-mediated IFN-beta induction and host cell protection against virus infection. Hence, DDX3 is an antiviral IPS-1 enhancer...
  6. ncbi Identification of a polyI:C-inducible membrane protein that participates in dendritic cell-mediated natural killer cell activation
    Takashi Ebihara
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita ku, Sapporo 060 8638, Japan
    J Exp Med 207:2675-87. 2010
    ..We identify a new pathway for mDC-NK contact-mediated NK activation that is governed by a TLR signal-derived membrane molecule...
  7. ncbi Soluble G protein of respiratory syncytial virus inhibits Toll-like receptor 3/4-mediated IFN-beta induction
    Masashi Shingai
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita ku, Sapporo 060 8638, Japan
    Int Immunol 20:1169-80. 2008
    ....
  8. ncbi Direct binding of TRAF2 and TRAF6 to TICAM-1/TRIF adaptor participates in activation of the Toll-like receptor 3/4 pathway
    Miwa Sasai
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita ku, Sapporo, Japan
    Mol Immunol 47:1283-91. 2010
    ..TRAF2/6 may participate in TICAM-1-mediated IFN-beta induction besides TRAF3...
  9. ncbi Development of mouse hepatocyte lines permissive for hepatitis C virus (HCV)
    Hussein Hassan Aly
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
    PLoS ONE 6:e21284. 2011
    ..This is the first report on the entry and replication of HCV infectious particles in mouse hepatocytes. These mouse hepatocyte lines will facilitate establishing a mouse HCV infection model with multifarious applications...
  10. ncbi Toll-like receptor 3 signaling converts tumor-supporting myeloid cells to tumoricidal effectors
    Hiroaki Shime
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita ku, Sapporo 060 8638, Japan
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109:2066-71. 2012
    ....
  11. ncbi UNC93B1 physically associates with human TLR8 and regulates TLR8-mediated signaling
    Hiroki Itoh
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
    PLoS ONE 6:e28500. 2011
    ..Hence, although UNC93B1 participates in intracellular trafficking and signaling for all nucleotide-sensing TLRs, the mode of regulation of TLR localization differs for each TLR...
  12. ncbi Raftlin is involved in the nucleocapture complex to induce poly(I:C)-mediated TLR3 activation
    Ayako Watanabe
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita ku, Sapporo 060 8638, Japan
    J Biol Chem 286:10702-11. 2011
    ..Thus, Raftlin cooperates with the uptake receptor to mediate cell entry of poly(I:C), which is critical for activation of TLR3...
  13. ncbi Hepatitis C virus core protein abrogates the DDX3 function that enhances IPS-1-mediated IFN-beta induction
    Hiroyuki Oshiumi
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
    PLoS ONE 5:e14258. 2010
    ..The results enable us to conclude that HCV infection is promoted by modulating the dual function of DDX3...
  14. ncbi Spatiotemporal mobilization of Toll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor molecule-1 in response to dsRNA
    Kenji Funami
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita ku, Sapporo, Japan
    J Immunol 179:6867-72. 2007
    ..Thus, the spatiotemporal mobilization of TICAM-1 in response to dsRNA and the formation of the TICAM-1 speckles containing RIP1 and NAP1 are important for the activation of the TLR3-TICAM-1 pathway...
  15. ncbi The TLR3/TICAM-1 pathway is mandatory for innate immune responses to poliovirus infection
    Hiroyuki Oshiumi
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060 8638, Japan
    J Immunol 187:5320-7. 2011
    ..These data indicate that the TLR3/TICAM-1 pathway functions are dominant in host protection and innate immune responses against PV infection...
  16. ncbi Pattern recognition receptors of innate immunity and their application to tumor immunotherapy
    Tsukasa Seya
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
    Cancer Sci 101:313-20. 2010
    ..In addition, we describe the mechanism by which DC-dependent natural killer activation is triggered for the induction of antitumor immunity...
  17. ncbi Enhancement of antitumor natural killer cell activation by orally administered Spirulina extract in mice
    Yuusuke Akao
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita ku Sapporo 060 8638, Japan
    Cancer Sci 100:1494-501. 2009
    ..We infer from these results that NK activation by Spirulina has some advantage in combinational use with BCG-cell wall skeleton for developing adjuvant-based antitumor immunotherapy...
  18. ncbi DDX60, a DEXD/H box helicase, is a novel antiviral factor promoting RIG-I-like receptor-mediated signaling
    Moeko Miyashita
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita ku, Sapporo 060 8638, Japan
    Mol Cell Biol 31:3802-19. 2011
    ..Expression of DDX60 promotes the binding of RIG-I to double-stranded RNA. Taken together, our analyses indicate that DDX60 is a novel antiviral helicase promoting RIG-I-like receptor-mediated signaling...
  19. ncbi The clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway participates in dsRNA-induced IFN-beta production
    Kiyoharu Itoh
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita ku, Sapporo, Japan
    J Immunol 181:5522-9. 2008
    ..The endocytic pathway is critical for dsRNA-induced TLR3-mediated cell activation...
  20. ncbi Phylogenetic and expression analysis of lamprey toll-like receptors
    Jun Kasamatsu
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita ku, Sapporo 060 8638, Japan
    Dev Comp Immunol 34:855-65. 2010
    ..This is the first report to describe the TLR repertoire and IFN system in one of the most primitive vertebrates, the lamprey...
  21. ncbi Teleost TLR22 recognizes RNA duplex to induce IFN and protect cells from birnaviruses
    Aya Matsuo
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
    J Immunol 181:3474-85. 2008
    ..TLR22 may be a functional substitute of human cell-surface TLR3 and serve as a surveillant for infection with dsRNA virus to alert the immune system for antiviral protection in fish...
  22. ncbi The extrinsic RNA-sensing pathway for adjuvant immunotherapy of cancer
    Tsukasa Seya
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita ku, Sapporo, Japan
    Cancer Immunol Immunother 58:1175-84. 2009
    ..In this review, we focus on the potential role of dsRNA in modulating the inflammatory milieu around mDCs and tumor-associated antigens to drive specific cellular effectors against the tumor...
  23. ncbi Strain-to-strain difference of V protein of measles virus affects MDA5-mediated IFN-β-inducing potential
    Hiromi Takaki
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita ku, Sapporo 060 8638, Japan
    Mol Immunol 48:497-504. 2011
    ..Ultimately, measles vaccine strains have two modes of IFN-β-induction for their attenuation: V protein mutation and production of defective interference (DI) RNA...
  24. ncbi The ubiquitin ligase Riplet is essential for RIG-I-dependent innate immune responses to RNA virus infection
    Hiroyuki Oshiumi
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita ku Sapporo 060 8638, Japan
    Cell Host Microbe 8:496-509. 2010
    ..These data indicate that Riplet is essential for regulating RIG-I-mediated innate immune response against RNA virus infection in vivo...
  25. ncbi Failure of mycoplasma lipoprotein MALP-2 to induce NK cell activation through dendritic cell TLR2
    Ryoko Sawahata
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N 15 W 7, Kita ku, Sapporo 060 8638, Japan
    Microbes Infect 13:350-8. 2011
    ..Pam2CSK4 and MALP-2 have the common lipid moiety but different peptides, which are crucial for NK cell activation. The results infer that MALP-2 is applicable to a cytokine inducer but not to an adjuvant for antitumor NK immunotherapy...
  26. ncbi IL-6 and IFN-alpha from dsRNA-stimulated dendritic cells control expansion of regulatory T cells
    Nobuhiko Kubota
    Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060 8638, Japan
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 391:1421-6. 2010
    ..These data suggest that the balance of IL-6 and IFN-alpha in the region of RNA virus infection may determine the number of peripheral Treg, which affects the effective immune responses against viruses...
  27. ncbi Combinational recognition of bacterial lipoproteins and peptidoglycan by chicken Toll-like receptor 2 subfamily
    Megumi Higuchi
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita ku, Sapporo 060 8638, Japan
    Dev Comp Immunol 32:147-55. 2008
    ..These results suggest that chTLR2 subfamily members discriminate between their ligands by combinational events...
  28. ncbi Functional evolution of the TICAM-1 pathway for extrinsic RNA sensing
    Tsukasa Seya
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
    Immunol Rev 227:44-53. 2009
    ..In this review, we discuss the fundamentals of the extrinsic dsRNA recognition system, which has evolved to induce cellular effectors to cope with dsRNA virus infection across different vertebrate species...
  29. ncbi Hepatitis C virus-infected hepatocytes extrinsically modulate dendritic cell maturation to activate T cells and natural killer cells
    Takashi Ebihara
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
    Hepatology 48:48-58. 2008
    ....
  30. ncbi C-terminal LRRs of human Toll-like receptor 3 control receptor dimerization and signal transmission
    Eiko Takada
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita ku, Sapporo 060 8638, Japan
    Mol Immunol 44:3633-40. 2007
    ....
  31. ncbi Regulator of complement activation (RCA) gene cluster in Xenopus tropicalis
    Hiroyuki Oshiumi
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita ku, Sapporo, Japan
    Immunogenetics 61:371-84. 2009
    ..Taken together, frog possesses a RCA locus, but the constitution of the ARC proteins differs from that of the amniotes with a unique self-resemblance...
  32. ncbi Riplet/RNF135, a RING finger protein, ubiquitinates RIG-I to promote interferon-beta induction during the early phase of viral infection
    Hiroyuki Oshiumi
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
    J Biol Chem 284:807-17. 2009
    ..We infer that a variety of RIG-I-ubiquitinating molecular complexes sustain RIG-I activation to modulate RNA virus replication in the cytoplasm...
  33. ncbi Differential type I IFN-inducing abilities of wild-type versus vaccine strains of measles virus
    Masashi Shingai
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
    J Immunol 179:6123-33. 2007
    ..Thus, the stem-loop structure, rather than full genome replication or specific internal sequences of the MV genome, is required for an early phase of type I IFN induction by MV in host cells...
  34. ncbi Ubiquitin-mediated modulation of the cytoplasmic viral RNA sensor RIG-I
    Hiroyuki Oshiumi
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita ku Sapporo 060 8638, Japan
    J Biochem 151:5-11. 2012
    ..The splice variant of RIG-I encodes a protein that lacks the first CARD of RIG-I, and the variant RIG-I protein is not ubiquitinated by TRIM25. Therefore, ubiquitin is the key regulator of the cytoplasmic viral RNA sensor RIG-I...
  35. ncbi Natural killer cell activation secondary to innate pattern sensing
    Tsukasa Seya
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
    J Innate Immun 3:264-73. 2011
    ..Here, we focus on the IFN-inducing pathways and mDC-NK contact-induced NK activation and discuss the reported various NK activation modes...
  36. ncbi Induction of NKG2D ligands on human dendritic cells by TLR ligand stimulation and RNA virus infection
    Takashi Ebihara
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita ku, Sapporo 060 8638, Japan
    Int Immunol 19:1145-55. 2007
    ..Hence, the results reflect the important role of NKG2DLs on human mDCs in mDC-mediated NK cell activation...
  37. ncbi An embryo-specific expressing TGF-β family protein, growth-differentiation factor 3 (GDF3), augments progression of B16 melanoma
    Nobuyuki Ehira
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita ku Sapporo 060 8638, Japan
    J Exp Clin Cancer Res 29:135. 2010
    ..Finally, our results support the view that GDF3 has the ability to induce progression of CD24-inducible melanoma in mice...
  38. ncbi HCV and innate immunity
    Takashi Ebihara
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
    Uirusu 58:19-26. 2008
    ..All of these data suggests the importance of TLR3 signal for the induction of anti-HCV innate immunity...
  39. ncbi Dendritic cells from oral cavity induce Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells upon antigen stimulation
    Sayuri Yamazaki
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
    PLoS ONE 7:e51665. 2012
    ..These data suggest that, as well as in the intestinal environment, antigen-presenting DCs may play a vital role in maintaining tolerance by inducing Foxp3(+) T-regs in the oral cavity...
  40. ncbi Inhibition of lipid A-mediated type I interferon induction by bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI)
    Masahiro Azuma
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Sapporo 060 8638, Japan
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 354:574-8. 2007
    ..BPI may serve as a therapeutic potential against endotoxin shock by acting as a regulator for the MyD88- and TICAM-1 pathways in the LPS-TLR4 signaling...
  41. ncbi Multi-step regulation of interferon induction by hepatitis C virus
    Hiroyuki Oshiumi
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita, Sapporo 060 8638, Japan
    Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 61:127-38. 2013
    ..We discuss the mechanisms that abolish type I and type III IFN production in HCV-infected cells, which may contribute to understanding the mechanism of virus persistence and resistance to the IFN therapy...
  42. ncbi Phylogenetic and expression analysis of amphibian Xenopus Toll-like receptors
    Akihiro Ishii
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita ku, Sapporo, Japan
    Immunogenetics 59:281-93. 2007
    ..This is the first report on the properties of TLRs in the most primitive terrestrial animals like amphibia...
  43. ncbi Pan-vertebrate toll-like receptors during evolution
    Hiroyuki Oshiumi
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060 8638, Japan
    Curr Genomics 9:488-93. 2008
    ..In this review, we summarize the similarities and differences of the TLR family in various vertebrates and introduce these unique TLRs for a possible application to the field of clinical practices for cancer or virus infection...
  44. ncbi Development of monoclonal antibodies that specifically interact with necrotic lymphoma cells
    Kentaro Wakasa
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita ku, Sapporo, Japan
    Microbiol Immunol 55:373-7. 2011
    ..These mAbs, which serve as a probe for necrosis, facilitate analyses of the role of the immune complex that consists of necrotic cells and Ab and contributes to the formation of the inflammatory milieu induced by necrotic cell death...
  45. ncbi TLR2-dependent induction of IL-10 and Foxp3+ CD25+ CD4+ regulatory T cells prevents effective anti-tumor immunity induced by Pam2 lipopeptides in vivo
    Sayuri Yamazaki
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
    PLoS ONE 6:e18833. 2011
    ..It is necessary to develop an adjuvant that does not promote IL-10 and T reg function in vivo for the future establishment of an anti-cancer vaccine...
  46. ncbi Lamprey TLRs with properties distinct from those of the variable lymphocyte receptors
    Akihiro Ishii
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
    J Immunol 178:397-406. 2007
    ..Thus, the jawless vertebrate lamprey possesses two LRR-based recognition systems, the variable lymphocyte receptor and TLR, and the M-type TLRs are conserved across humans, fish, and lampreys...
  47. ncbi NAK-associated protein 1 participates in both the TLR3 and the cytoplasmic pathways in type I IFN induction
    Miwa Sasai
    Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita ku, Sapporo 060 8638, Japan
    J Immunol 177:8676-83. 2006
    ..Both the cytoplasmic and TLR3-mediated dsRNA recognition pathways converge upon NAP1 for the activation of the IRF-3 and IFN-beta promoter...