N Yuki

..This new concept that carbohydrate mimicry can cause an autoimmune disease provides a clue to the resolution of the pathogenesis of other immune-mediated diseases...

..jejuni factors associated with GBS/MFS to date and has allowed us to analyze the genetic background of neuropathogenic C. jejuni strains with an unprecedented level of resolution...

..Since a tryptophan-immobilized column effectively adsorb anti-GQ1b IgG antibody, immunoadsorption with the column should be considered as an alternative form of plasmapheresis for the anti-GQ1b IgG antibody syndrome...

..This sugar mimicry is one possible cause of the Guillain-Barré and Miller Fisher syndromes; however, unidentified host factors may contribute to the development of these syndromes...

..Immunoelectrophoresis failed to detect IgM M-protein in 3 of the patients. IgM anti-SGPG antibody could be a diagnostic marker for a subgroup of CIDP with or without paraprotein...

..jejuni isolated from an acute motor axonal neuropathy patient. Progress has been made in Guillain-Barré syndrome research, especially on acute motor axonal neuropathy subsequent to C. jejuni enteritis...

..This new concept that carbohydrate mimicry can cause an autoimmune disease provides a clue to inducing the resolution of pathogenesis of other immune-mediated diseases...

..These findings show that carbohydrate mimicry is an important cause of autoimmune neuropathy...

..This model may help to clarify the molecular pathogenesis of the syndrome and to develop new treatments for it...

..Progress has been made in our understanding of Guillain-Barré syndrome, especially in identifying the Campylobacter jejuni genes responsible for the development of clinical features...

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..Acute and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies may be produced by mechanisms other than ganglioside mimicry...

..Some patients develop FS after C jejuni infection, and the lipopolysaccharide present bears the GQ1b epitope. Molecular mimicry is a possible cause of GBS and FS...

..The cst-II gene is responsible for the development of Guillain-Barré and Fisher syndromes, and the polymorphism (Thr/Asn51) determines which syndrome develops after C. jejuni enteritis...

..The finding that ataxic GBS and MFS have in common an autoantibody with the same fine specificity suggests that they form a continuous spectrum...

..These fucogangliosides may be the target molecules for serum antibodies in some patients with sensory ataxic neuropathy...

..jejuni had been isolated than were other antiganglioside antibodies, such as anti-GM1 antibodies. These results could not support the above hypothesis...

..We assume that the binding of anti-GD2 MAb to peripheral nerve myelin and the pituicytes in the posterior pituitary causes sensorimotor demyelinating neuropathy and SIADH...

..Our results did not support the conclusion of Irie et al. that anti-GM2 antibodies were closely associated with acute CMV infection in GBS, but acute CMV infection, with and without GBS, was associated with IgM anti-GM2 antibody...

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..We report results of the autopsy of a patient for whom overlapping BBE and GBS was diagnosed clinically. This and similar cases support the original authors' hypothesis that BBE is closely related to GBS...

..This sugar mimicry is one possible cause for GBS and MFS, and unidentified host factor may contribute to the development of these syndromes...

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..The patients with AMSAN had anti-GM1, anti-GM1b, and anti-GD1a IgG antibodies, indicative that AMAN and AMSAN share a common immunological profile...

..C. jejuni-related GBS is usually acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN), but previous reports described many cases of the demyelinating subtype of GBS (acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy [AIDP]) after C. jejuni infection...

..Patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) after Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection often have antibodies to galactocerebroside (GalC). Electrodiagnosis may show acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP)...

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..To assess the production mechanism of anti-GQ1b autoantibody in Fisher syndrome (FS)...

..A method to prepare GM1b was developed...

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..Some patients with GBS show the absence of F waves as an isolated conduction abnormality, which has been interpreted as demyelination in the proximal nerve segments...

..It was reported that patients with AMAN in northern China often had hyperreflexia in the recovery phase...

..A C jejuni gene, cst-II, involved in the biosynthesis of ganglioside-like lipo-oligosaccharide, shows a polymorphism (Asn/Thr51) that affects ganglioside epitopes...

..The clinical presentation and laboratory results for this patient resemble those of Miller Fisher syndrome, except for the lack of ophthalmoplegia. This case may represent part of an IgG anti-GQ1b syndrome...

..Infection by C. jejuni may induce IgG anti-GM1b antibody in some patients and IgG anti-GalNAc-GD1a antibody in others. A larger population of patients must be studied to show whether there is a definite correlation...

..4 of 14, P = 0.06). CMAP sum score at 6 months tended to be greater for the IVIg group (P = 0.07). For the IgG anti-GM1-positive subgroup of GBS patients, IVIg therapy may be a more efficacious treatment than plasmapheresis...

..AO can be considered a mild form of Miller Fisher syndrome or a regional variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome...

..To determine whether the anti-GM1 antibody IgG subclass (IgG1 to 4) is associated with clinical profiles and patterns of recovery in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)...

..02). This is the first study to show that the fine specificity of anti-GQ1b IgG is heterogeneous and that the difference is correlated with the presence of a particular clinical sign...

..The percentage of CD57-positive lymphocytes and natural killer cell activity had also returned to normal. Our findings indicate that serial measurements of these parameters are useful for monitoring treatment effect in this disease...

..CONCLUSION: Ciclosporin should be considered for patients with intractable CIDP who require repeated IVIg...

..Some patients with Fisher syndrome (FS) developed subsequent descending tetraparesis (Fisher/Guillain-Barré overlapping syndrome: FS/GBS). The assumption is that such descending progression may frequently lead to respiratory failure...

..jejuni LOS and did not alter IgG subclasses, evidence that BAFF aids but is not essential for the generation of IgG anti-ganglioside antibodies in response to C. jejuni LOS...

..This association is not necessarily dependent on infection by the known trigger pathogens...

..1%) rabbits (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The therapeutic efficacy of IVIg in an AMAN model was confirmed. IVIg may not affect the production or catabolism of anti-GM1 IgG, but it may prevent axonal degeneration of motor nerves...

..Initial lesions were located mainly on nerve root axons, as in human AMAN. This study thus provides supportive evidence that the rabbits constitute a model of AMAN...

..This case provides further evidence that patients with AMAN can develop increased motor neuron excitability, and possible mechanisms for the hyperreflexia are discussed...

..Haemophilus influenzae is considered a causative agent of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and Fisher syndrome, but the frequency of this infection in GBS is controversial...

..Anti-GM1 IgG antibody has a broad range of cross reactivity which may contribute to various clinical variations of Guillain-Barré syndrome...

..In a series, however, the association of FS with group A streptococcal infection was not shown. Some patients may develop FS after group A streptococcal infection, but the bacterium is not a major antecedent agent in FS...

..To examine the association between Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) and antecedent Haemophilus influenzae infection...

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..Patients with MFS usually had good recovery and no residual deficits...

..Statistically, anti-GQ1b antibody testing was superior to a CSF examination in supporting a diagnosis of FS during the first 3 weeks of illness, especially in the first week...

..IV immunoglobulin produced recovery. Hyperreflexia does not necessarily exclude the diagnosis of a GBS variant. Antiganglioside antibodies can help with diagnosis in difficult cases...

..Among the axonal subgroup of patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome, preserved tendon reflexes, H influenzae infection, and the patient having received immunoglobulin treatment may be indicators of rapid recovery...

..MMN patients often carry anti-GM1 IgM antibodies, suggesting an autoimmune process involving complement. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is the first line treatment, but its action mechanism is unknown...

..This case suggests that an acute isolated bulbar palsy may be caused by a pathology relating to Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), in which anti-GT1a IgG antibody may have a role...

..The predominant phenotypes vary, even within subgroups of patients with a syndrome of single etiological origin or those with uniform serological features...

..Pharyngeal-cervical-brachial weakness (PCB) is considered a variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Because of its rarity, there have been no studies of large numbers of patients with PCB...

..jejuni protein. We concluded that a C. coli infection was not the cause of GBS in our patients. Both isolation of a microorganism from, and the positive infectious serology of, GBS patients do not always indicate the causal agent...

..Of 10 patients with anti-GM1 antibody alone, four had AMAN, and two had C. jejuni infection. These results showed that GM1b could be a target molecule of autoantibody in the AMAN form of GBS subsequent to C. jejuni infection...

..Headache occurred in 2 in both groups, indicative that pre-infusion with steroids does not prevent headache. Transient liver function disturbances were present in 2 patients of the former group and in 6 of the latter...

..If anti-GM1 and -GD1a antibodies have similar effects on the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) in human limb muscles, this may explain selective motor involvement in axonal Guillain--Barré syndrome (GBS)...

..These results indicate that gangliosides are lipid raft components that contribute to stability and maintenance of neuron-glia interactions at paranodes...

..Thus, these results indicate CD1-independent pathways for anti-ganglioside Ab production...

..Serum anti-GQ1b antibody was positive in 25. These findings suggest that some cases of isolated abducens nerve palsy can be categorized as a regional variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome or mild form of Fisher syndrome...

..These results support the view that the predominantly distal targets of immune attack are different for AMAN and AIDP. Possible mechanisms for the reduced safety factor in AMAN are discussed...

..An approach for evaluating intravenous immune globulin, a treatment for GBS, based on our animal model of AMAN is also discussed in this review, and recent advances made in this field are described...

..To investigate the presence of serum anti-GT1a IgG in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and its relation to clinical manifestations...

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..In addition, whether monospecific anti-LM1 IgG antibody is associated with AIDP remains to be concluded. Larger studies are needed to verify whether monospecific anti-LM1 IgG antibody could be a marker of AIDP...

..A considerable number of BBE patients have associated axonal Guillain-Barré syndrome, indicative that the two disorders are closely related and form a continuous spectrum...

..The association may be coincidental, but a particular susceptibility to axonal damage of CMT2 cannot be excluded...

..Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), a postinfectious autoimmune-mediated neuropathy, is a serious complication after Campylobacter jejuni enteritis...

..Sci. 190 (2001) 41] reported that anti-ganglioside antibody titers peaked during the recovery phase, but our findings are counter to theirs. We speculate that anti-ganglioside antibodies are the primary effectors of nerve damage in GBS...

..When unusual worsening is observed in clinically suspected encephalitis, neurologists must take into account the possibility of associated Guillain-Barré syndrome and related disorders...

..The objective of this study was to determine whether elevated plasma levels of alpha-defensins 1-3 could be used as an indicator of neutrophil activation in pregnant and post-partum women...

..These results provide useful information for the confirmation of and further research on the model...

..To examine the lesion associated with external ophthalmoplegia in Fisher syndrome using three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (3-D MRI)...

..Human optic and ocular nerves contain high amount of GQ 1 b. This may be a underlying mechanism for optic nerve involvement in Fisher syndrome. We thought that she had an atypical Fisher syndrome associated with optic nerve involvement...

..In addition, anti-GM1b antibody was detected in 18 patients with Fisher syndrome and the related conditions associated with anti-GQ1b IgG antibody, and 3 patients with ataxic GBS associated with anti-GD1b IgG antibody...

..Anti-GQ1b antibody does not affect neuromuscular transmission in human limb muscles. The different findings in mouse and human may be explained by the extent of expression of GQ1b on the motor nerve terminals in the muscle examined...

..Our study suggests that the anti-GalNAc-GD1a antibody testing is useful for supporting the diagnosis of GBS. In addition, fine specificity of the antibody also was clarified...

..These two conditions may represent a single autoimmune disease mediated by anti-GQ1b antibody, usually involving the peripheral and occasionally the central nervous systems...

..These findings suggest that host susceptibility may play a role in inducing the production of anti-ganglioside antibodies and the development of Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis...

..This is the first report of ataxic GBS or FS associated with anti-GM1b or anti-GalNAc-GD1a IgG antibodies. These autoantibodies, as well as anti-GQ1b IgG antibody, may function in the development of some patients with ataxic GBS and FS...

..The presence of a common autoantibody (anti-GT1a IgG) and overlapping illnesses suggests that PCB is closely related not only to GBS but to FS and BBE as well...

..The present report indicates that the cranial and phrenic nerves may be affected unilaterally in Guillain-Barré syndrome, and that there is clinical variability in the axonal subtype of this syndrome...

..In conclusion, the observation of facial nerve using 3-D MRI was very useful to know the condition of the facial diplesia in GBS and its variants...

..This case may be useful for the somatotopy of corticopontine and corticobulbar tracts with articulation in the pontine base...

..Nafamostat mesilate inhibited complement deposition and prevented sodium channel disruption. This provided the rationale for a clinical trial...

..These findings suggest that demographic features not only vary based on CMS or OSMS phenotype, but also with the presence or absence of LESCLs, and that nonetheless, these four phenotypes constitute a continuum...

..Our findings support the idea that acute motor axonal neuropathy is a disease that specifically disrupts the nodes of Ranvier...

..Immunological, pathological, electrophysiological, and bacteriological studies have provided strong evidence of carbohydrate mimicry being a cause of AMAN and clarified the mechanisms of nerve conduction failure in AMAN...