Antonella Tosti

..Type of hair loss (telogen effluvium, anagen effluvium, or both) depends on the drug, its dosage, and patient's susceptibility. Drug-induced hair loss is usually reversible...

..This article reports and discusses only those nail signs that provide the clinician with clues for the diagnosis of systemic disorders...

..The prognosis of alopecia areata (AA) is difficult to predict. Few studies report long-term follow-up of AA patients...

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..A common feature observed in our series of children with AGA was a strong genetic predisposition to the disease. Although the pathogenesis remains speculative, endocrine evaluation and a strict follow-up are strongly recommended...

..We report a case of hypertrichosis of the eyelashes caused by the prostamide bimatoprost (Lumigan; Allergan, Inc, Irvine, Calif), a new IOP-lowering drug...

..Frontal fibrosing alopecia is a variety of cicatricial alopecia characterized by a band of frontal/frontoparietal hair recession and marked decrease or a complete loss of the eyebrows, typically observed in women who are postmenopausal...

..Many of these cosmetic benefits can be measured directly on the hair fiber, using a variety of techniques...

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..We report onychomatricoma associated with onychomycosis in the same nail in a 4-year-old girl...

..Further studies are necessary to understand which patterns of female pattern hair loss respond better to this treatment...

..Alopecia areata incognita is a variety of alopecia areata characterized by acute diffuse shedding of telogen hairs without typical patches...

..The association of lipedematous scalp and androgenetic alopecia in our two patients appears to be coincidental...

..Recurrences (relapse or reinfection) of onychomycosis are not uncommon, with percentages reported in various studies ranging from 10% to 53%...

..Household cleaning products often contain potential allergens and irritants but allergic contact dermatitis from these products in general consumers is rarely reported in the literature...

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..CONCLUSION: This new formulation of clobetasol propionate foam is an effective, safe and well-tolerated topical treatment for AA. This formulation has a good cosmetic acceptance and patient compliance profile...

..We review current and future treatments for onychomycosis. We will also consider treatment options in patients with poor prognostic factors suggesting possible treatment failure...

..Videodermoscopy may serve as a useful tool to perform the right diagnosis as it can highlight signs not seen by the unaided eye and may be able to spare the patient from a biopsy...

..In two patients surgical correction of the soft tissue abnormality was necessary due to painful nail ingrowth unresponsive to topical treatment...

..The goals for antifungal therapy are mycological cure and a normal looking nail. In this paper the treatment of onychomycosis with oral antifungal agents will be reviewed...

..Although a large number of drugs have been occasionally reported to produce hair loss, only for a few drugs the relation between drug intake and hair loss has been proven...

..Dermoscopy is possibly a useful tool but the real benefit of this technique, screening lesions to determine which ones need to be removed, remains to be proven...

..Drug-induced nail abnormalities are usually transitory and disappear with drug withdrawal, but sometimes persist over time. This article reviews drugs that have been consistently associated with nail abnormalities...

..Terbinafine, itraconazole, and fluconazole are effective and well tolerated for treating onychomycosis in children. Dosage depends on body weight. Duration of treatment is the same for adults...

..There is therefore the need to find parameters useful for clinical and dermatoscopic diagnosis in childhood nail pigmentation and to reach a consensus on management of children with a band of LM...

..Nail dystrophies in newborns are rare and are particularly frightening when they appear as masses involving a single digit, suggesting the possibility of a tumor...

..The reason why some fair-skinned newborns display this hyperpigmentation is not known. Although we can speculate that it can be reactive to maternal pigment hormones, its persistence is not completely in agreement with this possibility...

..7%), 11 relapsed (11/27 = 40.7%). This study is important for the fact that no one has previously published the results of such a long follow-up of patients with nail lichen planus...

..For this reason, new approaches and strategies should be considered. The following case shows that photodynamic therapy (PDT) may represent an alternative noninvasive approach to treatment of onychomycosis...

..To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of acitretin in patients with isolated nail psoriasis...

..Efficacy of topical steroids in alopecia areata is still discussed...

..It may also be the only choice to hide nail dystrophy where the nail is irreversibly damaged. Nail cosmetics may also function at treatment for onychtillomania, nail biting, and nail ingrowing...

..Alopecia is usually secondary to blistering, and scalp areas more exposed to friction, such as the occipital area, are involved more frequently. This article reviews the hair abnormalities reported in the different subtypes of EB...

..The prevalence of different pathogens in different areas depends on several factors, such as climate, geography and migration. We reviewed the recent literature to identify new agents responsible for onychomycosis...

..It is considered a disorder of pigmentation when the tufts are asymmetrically distributed. We report four patients with isolated congenital tufts of heterochromia in the scalp hair following the Blaschko lines of the head...

..Drug-induced nail changes usually involve several or all of the nails. In most cases, nail abnormalities are asymptomatic, but can sometimes cause pain and impair manual activities...

..To analyze the epidemiology, responsible agents, clinical features, and outcome of white superficial onychomycosis (WSO)...

..Candida onychomycosis is always a sign of immunodepression. Systemic treatment with itraconazole or fluconazole is usually effective, but relapses are very common...

..The allergens known as strong skin sensitizers have remained almost the same over the years. Preventive measures should be mandatory to protect hands and to improve the safety of this job...

..The aim of this study was to investigate the yellow dot pattern observed at dermoscopy in alopecia areata with reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and correlate RCM findings with pathological features...

..In this article, the authors review the most common clinical causes of hair loss in women, and emphasize the role of hormonal changes in the regulation of hair loss and hair growth...

..After observing 2 cases of acute telogen effluvium induced by allergic contact dermatitis to hair dyes, we decided to evaluate the effects of acute contact dermatitis of the scalp on the hair cycle...

..Environmental nail abnormalities are frequent and include nail brittleness, onycholysis, and chronic paronychia. Preventive measures should always be associated with treatment in these cases...

..Whether APKH is a separate entity or a variety of androgenetic alopecia is still controversial. This study reviews the clinical and pathological features and long-term follow-up of 7 patients with APKH...

..Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most frequent cause of hair loss affecting up to 50% of men and 40% of women by the age of 50...

..Nail PGs are due to different causes that act through different pathogenetic mechanisms and may be treated in several ways. Both causes and treatments of nail PG have never been classified...

..Dermatologists should be aware of this recently reported and probably not uncommon side-effect of antiretroviral treatment in order to avoid an invasive approach to the nail lesions...

..One of these carotenoids, the lycopene, present in high concentrations in tomatoes, may cause a rare cutaneous disease called lycopenaemia...

..Warts are the most common nail tumor and mostly affect children and young adults. Periungual warts are usually due to HPV-1, 2, and 4. Development of periungual warts is favored by maceration and trauma, especially nail biting...

..In the last few years many studies have been published in this field; this review will describe the dermoscopic patterns observed in the most common hair and scalp disorders and discuss their diagnostic relevance...

..To report clinical features, response to treatment, and long-term follow-up of nail lichen planus in children...

..Our practical experience indicates that sexual side-effects in subjects taking finasteride 1 mg (Propecia) for androgenetic alopecia are much less common than reported in the literature...

..The results of our study show that itraconazole cannot be considered effective for YNS, especially if compared with vitamin E, the efficacy and tolerability of which is already proven...

..In all cases the pathology showed multiple fibroepithelial projections that extended into the thickened nail plate. The tumor epithelium was identical to that of the normal nail matrix and keratinized without a granular layer...

..Hair length tends to improve spontaneously after puberty. The main differential diagnoses include loose anagen hair syndrome (LAS)...

..The spectrum of clinical severity is large, and nail abnormalities may cause severe disability or just be a mild cosmetic problem. This article reviews the nail abnormalities observed in EB...

..Periodic follow-up was important not only to monitor evolution of the juvenile xanthogranuloma, but also to avoid excessive growth of the lesion with possible definitive nail matrix damage...

..The involvement of Candida in the pathogenesis of chronic paronychia (CP) has never been proven, even though this condition is commonly considered a type of Candida onychomycosis...

..In this article, we also include nail adverse effects as a result of radiotherapy since they are commonly observed in clinical practice...

..Dermoscopy shows yellow dots and short regrowing hairs. The differential diagnosis with telogen effluvium (TE) and androgenetic alopecia may be difficult...

..Hair loss is a very common complaint and dermatologists should be able to make the correct diagnosis of different types of alopecia and choose the best therapeutic strategy according to patients' and doctors' expectations...

..The results of our study suggest that PKP is not a single entity but rather represents a nail symptom that can be produced by several inflammatory diseases, including nail psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and contact dermatitis...

..Since 1969 only 13 proved pediatric cases of lichen planus limited to the nails have been reported, including two children with 20-nail dystrophy and four with idiopathic atrophy of the nails...

..The pathologic features of nail matrix nevi are similar to those of skin nevi except for their architectural pattern, which reflects the peculiar anatomy of the nail unit...

..Beware of drug interactions * Psoriatics and patients with abnormal nails Dermatophyte eradication does not restore normal nails * Children High failure rate possibly due to compliance problems...

..In addition to a daily sunscreen application and nonsmoking, mesotherapy is another antiaging strategy helping to maintain a globally firm and bright skin, protecting it from the environmental contributors to aging...

..Videodermoscopy (VD) is a noninvasive diagnostic tool that provides useful information for the differential diagnosis of scalp disorders...

..Hemorrhagic onycholysis and subungual abscesses are a possible side effect of taxane treatment that should be early recognized to prevent serious complications...

..This therapy produced a rapid cure of both candidal nail and mouth infections. The drug was very well tolerated, and routine laboratory monitoring during treatment did not reveal any abnormalities...

..Topical calcipotriol is effective in about 50% of patients with localized disorder and is also useful as maintenance therapy after retinoid treatment...

..None of them had any acceptable regrowth after at least 6 months of treatment. Our results suggest that other treatments are not useful in patients with 100% hair loss who fail to respond to sensitizing therapies...

..Cultures grew Staphylococcus aureus. Treatment with intravenous teicoplamine 400 mg/day for 3 weeks resulted in complete cure of infection...

..Different possibilities were discussed, but the clinical presentation and the follow-up favored the clinical and pathological interpretation of alopecia areata with incidental findings of follicular mucinosis...

..The possible relationships between the unusual linear arrangement of alopecia mucinosa along Blaschko's lines and lichen striatus are discussed...

..97 at D12S1609. Definite recombination events narrowed the region of shared haplotype in the affected individuals to an 8 Mb region between the marker D12S324 and the telomeric end of the long arm of chromosome 12...

..A study of the scalp in a large cohort of volunteers with androgenetic alopecia using macrophotographs showed the presence of peripilar signs (PPS) around the hair ostia...

..The final section by Leroy and Van Neste highlights the difficulties of evaluating therapeutic interventions in hair loss disease and proposes a new technique...

..Drugs and toxins that can be detected in hair and nails are reviewed and the application of hair/nail analysis in general and in forensic medicine is discussed...

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..NK cell alloreactivity may thus provide a powerful tool for enhancing the efficacy and safety of allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation...