Antonella Tosti

..Alopecia is usually secondary to blistering, and scalp areas more exposed to friction, such as the occipital area, are involved more frequently. This article reviews the hair abnormalities reported in the different subtypes of EB...

..The spectrum of clinical severity is large, and nail abnormalities may cause severe disability or just be a mild cosmetic problem. This article reviews the nail abnormalities observed in EB...

..In the last few years many studies have been published in this field; this review will describe the dermoscopic patterns observed in the most common hair and scalp disorders and discuss their diagnostic relevance...

..In this article, the authors review the most common clinical causes of hair loss in women, and emphasize the role of hormonal changes in the regulation of hair loss and hair growth...

..Hair loss is a very common complaint and dermatologists should be able to make the correct diagnosis of different types of alopecia and choose the best therapeutic strategy according to patients' and doctors' expectations...

..Dermoscopy is possibly a useful tool but the real benefit of this technique, screening lesions to determine which ones need to be removed, remains to be proven...

..To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of acitretin in patients with isolated nail psoriasis...

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..Alopecia areata incognita is a variety of alopecia areata characterized by acute diffuse shedding of telogen hairs without typical patches...

..We report onychomatricoma associated with onychomycosis in the same nail in a 4-year-old girl...

..Further studies are necessary to understand which patterns of female pattern hair loss respond better to this treatment...

..Recurrences (relapse or reinfection) of onychomycosis are not uncommon, with percentages reported in various studies ranging from 10% to 53%...

..The association of lipedematous scalp and androgenetic alopecia in our two patients appears to be coincidental...

..Household cleaning products often contain potential allergens and irritants but allergic contact dermatitis from these products in general consumers is rarely reported in the literature...

..We review current and future treatments for onychomycosis. We will also consider treatment options in patients with poor prognostic factors suggesting possible treatment failure...

..CONCLUSION: This new formulation of clobetasol propionate foam is an effective, safe and well-tolerated topical treatment for AA. This formulation has a good cosmetic acceptance and patient compliance profile...

..Videodermoscopy may serve as a useful tool to perform the right diagnosis as it can highlight signs not seen by the unaided eye and may be able to spare the patient from a biopsy...

..The goals for antifungal therapy are mycological cure and a normal looking nail. In this paper the treatment of onychomycosis with oral antifungal agents will be reviewed...

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..Nail dystrophies in newborns are rare and are particularly frightening when they appear as masses involving a single digit, suggesting the possibility of a tumor...

..Although a large number of drugs have been occasionally reported to produce hair loss, only for a few drugs the relation between drug intake and hair loss has been proven...

..There is therefore the need to find parameters useful for clinical and dermatoscopic diagnosis in childhood nail pigmentation and to reach a consensus on management of children with a band of LM...

..The reason why some fair-skinned newborns display this hyperpigmentation is not known. Although we can speculate that it can be reactive to maternal pigment hormones, its persistence is not completely in agreement with this possibility...

..Many of these cosmetic benefits can be measured directly on the hair fiber, using a variety of techniques...

..It may also be the only choice to hide nail dystrophy where the nail is irreversibly damaged. Nail cosmetics may also function at treatment for onychtillomania, nail biting, and nail ingrowing...

..The prevalence of different pathogens in different areas depends on several factors, such as climate, geography and migration. We reviewed the recent literature to identify new agents responsible for onychomycosis...

..This article reports and discusses only those nail signs that provide the clinician with clues for the diagnosis of systemic disorders...

..Frontal fibrosing alopecia is a variety of cicatricial alopecia characterized by a band of frontal/frontoparietal hair recession and marked decrease or a complete loss of the eyebrows, typically observed in women who are postmenopausal...

..7%), 11 relapsed (11/27 = 40.7%). This study is important for the fact that no one has previously published the results of such a long follow-up of patients with nail lichen planus...

..For this reason, new approaches and strategies should be considered. The following case shows that photodynamic therapy (PDT) may represent an alternative noninvasive approach to treatment of onychomycosis...

..Drug-induced nail changes usually involve several or all of the nails. In most cases, nail abnormalities are asymptomatic, but can sometimes cause pain and impair manual activities...

..Terbinafine, itraconazole, and fluconazole are effective and well tolerated for treating onychomycosis in children. Dosage depends on body weight. Duration of treatment is the same for adults...

..Efficacy of topical steroids in alopecia areata is still discussed...

..The aim of this study was to investigate the yellow dot pattern observed at dermoscopy in alopecia areata with reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and correlate RCM findings with pathological features...

..Drug-induced nail abnormalities are usually transitory and disappear with drug withdrawal, but sometimes persist over time. This article reviews drugs that have been consistently associated with nail abnormalities...

..Type of hair loss (telogen effluvium, anagen effluvium, or both) depends on the drug, its dosage, and patient's susceptibility. Drug-induced hair loss is usually reversible...

..In this article, we also include nail adverse effects as a result of radiotherapy since they are commonly observed in clinical practice...

..Candida onychomycosis is always a sign of immunodepression. Systemic treatment with itraconazole or fluconazole is usually effective, but relapses are very common...

..It is considered a disorder of pigmentation when the tufts are asymmetrically distributed. We report four patients with isolated congenital tufts of heterochromia in the scalp hair following the Blaschko lines of the head...

..Hair length tends to improve spontaneously after puberty. The main differential diagnoses include loose anagen hair syndrome (LAS)...

..To analyze the epidemiology, responsible agents, clinical features, and outcome of white superficial onychomycosis (WSO)...

..The prognosis of alopecia areata (AA) is difficult to predict. Few studies report long-term follow-up of AA patients...

..Periodic follow-up was important not only to monitor evolution of the juvenile xanthogranuloma, but also to avoid excessive growth of the lesion with possible definitive nail matrix damage...

..Dermoscopy shows yellow dots and short regrowing hairs. The differential diagnosis with telogen effluvium (TE) and androgenetic alopecia may be difficult...

..The allergens known as strong skin sensitizers have remained almost the same over the years. Preventive measures should be mandatory to protect hands and to improve the safety of this job...

..We report a case of hypertrichosis of the eyelashes caused by the prostamide bimatoprost (Lumigan; Allergan, Inc, Irvine, Calif), a new IOP-lowering drug...

..In addition to a daily sunscreen application and nonsmoking, mesotherapy is another antiaging strategy helping to maintain a globally firm and bright skin, protecting it from the environmental contributors to aging...

..Videodermoscopy (VD) is a noninvasive diagnostic tool that provides useful information for the differential diagnosis of scalp disorders...

..The involvement of Candida in the pathogenesis of chronic paronychia (CP) has never been proven, even though this condition is commonly considered a type of Candida onychomycosis...

..97 at D12S1609. Definite recombination events narrowed the region of shared haplotype in the affected individuals to an 8 Mb region between the marker D12S324 and the telomeric end of the long arm of chromosome 12...

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..Drugs and toxins that can be detected in hair and nails are reviewed and the application of hair/nail analysis in general and in forensic medicine is discussed...

..A study of the scalp in a large cohort of volunteers with androgenetic alopecia using macrophotographs showed the presence of peripilar signs (PPS) around the hair ostia...

..The final section by Leroy and Van Neste highlights the difficulties of evaluating therapeutic interventions in hair loss disease and proposes a new technique...

..Although nail appearance will usually continue to improve after cessation of therapy, the nails may have a persistent abnormal appearance even in cases where treatment has been effective...

..Two patients presented with alopecia areata and two others with psoriasis. Of our patients, 50% showed total resolution or marked improvement in their nail disease within the first 6 years regardless of treatment...

..If onycholysis persists, the condition is more likely to become irreversible and form the "disappearing nail bed." The best chance of resolving onycholysis is to try to identify the causative agent and institute early therapy...

..Further research is needed into the factors affecting men's willingness to seek treatment for hair loss...

..This study opens new perspectives for reducing infectious mortality after haploidentical transplantations...