P Pagliaro

....

..It follows that the resulting shear stress is substrate-sensitive...

..In the light of the multitude of effects of NO, the role of this gas, their siblings and their derivatives in cardiac ischemic preconditioning scenario is more extensively analyzed...

..The cardioprotective signaling pathways are thought to converge on mitochondria, and various mitochondrial proteins have been identified as targets of these post-transitional modifications in both pre- and postconditioning...

....

..This mini review will summarize some new aspects concerning the recently discovered biological functions of RAS and in particular of ACE, ACE(2) and ACE-inhibitors in cardiovascular system...

..01). In conclusion, PI alters CRH by decreasing THF and reducing the ttp of CRH. Whilst diazoxide does not reproduce the effects of PI on CRH, pre-treatment with diazoxide potentiates the effects of PI on THF...

..It has been suggested that the activation of PKC-epsilon is mediated by peroxynitrite produced by the combination of NO and the superoxide anion, the latter being generated during reperfusion which follows preconditioning ischemia...

....

..One of these mediators appears to be 14,15-EET...

..The production of heat shock proteins is considered a marker rather than a mechanism of SWOP...

..The actual protection of ischaemic pre-conditioning occurs in the reperfusion phase. Therefore, we studied in this phase the kinases involved in PAF-induced pre-conditioning...

..This increased susceptibility might be related to steroid-induced hypertrophy and/or to altered enzyme expression/phosphorylation...

..Here, we review the literature about the cardiac effects of catestatin and vasostatin, the mechanisms of myocardial injury and protection and the role of CgA derived peptides in cardioprotection...

..Infarct-sparing effect of PAF was abolished by N-acetyl-L-cysteine and 5-hydroxydecanoate. Thus, the cardioprotective effect exerted by PAF-pretreatment involves activation of mK(ATP) channels and redox signaling in pre-ischemic phase...

..153+/-45 s, p<0.05). It is suggested that pentobarbital decreases the indices of CRH related to metabolic activity, whereas ketamine reduces the duration of the hyperemic response, which suggests an impairment of endothelial function...

..In particular, while in the basal control of contractility, endothelial synthase has a predominant role, the inducible isoform is mainly responsible for the cardiodepression in septic shock...

....

..Pharmacological PostC and possibly remote PostC may have a promising future in clinical scenario...

..Intriguingly, ND-pretreatment potentiates the improvement of systolic function induced by postconditioning via beta(2)-adrenoreceptor activation...

..It is likely that a different NO-induced release of reactive oxygen species via mKATP channel activation may play a pivotal role in affecting infarct size and post-ischemic contractile recovery...

..The benefits of M- and CPost-con are similar. However, protection by Post-con is greater in the constant-flow than in the constant-pressure model...

..The results suggest that ischemic preconditioning reduces the coronary hyperemic response by decreasing the myocardial metabolism through the activation of the A1 adenosine receptors...

..When systolic pressure exceeds 100 mmHg the shielding effect is overcome and the amplitude of the systolic flow reduction varies with ventricular pressure...

..The parameter values were assessed by comparing the model predicted coronary flow with the one actually measured in animals...

....

..We will also provide available information on H(2)S-donating drugs which have so far been tested in order to conjugate the beneficial effect of H(2)S with other pharmaceutical properties...

..Here, we investigate the impact of stressful FE and an omega 3-FFA-enriched diet on cardiac tolerance to ischemic events over one month...

..On the contrary, when the peptide is administered for 2 weeks, cardiac output increases significantly without the occurrence of cardiac hypertrophy. It is not excluded that hypertrophy might occur after a longer administration...

..Postconditioning (PostC) maneuvers allow post-ischemic accumulation of autacoids, which trigger protection. We tested if PostC-triggering includes bradykinin (BK) B2 receptor activation and its downstream pathway...

..In the rat, such a procedure reduced the infarct size to a greater extent than post-conditioning. Moreover, an additive effect of NO donors and antioxidant compounds is possible...

..The results show (i) that MSCs start to change marker expression few hours after injection into a beating heart and (ii) that infarcted myocardium influences transplanted MSC morphology and mobility within the heart...

..g. cytochrome c, iii) preserves the mitochondrial structure, and iv) limits the migration of phospho-Cx43 to mitochondria...

..As with repeated brief preconditioning ischemia, hrSTA-CgA(1-78) may be considered a stimulus strong enough to trigger both pathways, which may converge on PKC...

..Moreover, the study suggests that endogenous release of PAF, induced by brief periods of ischemia and reperfusion, may participate to the triggering of the IP of the heart...

..Intermittent infusion of either bradykinin or diazoxide during early reperfusion triggered PostC protection via redox signaling. Here we tested whether intermittent adenosine (ADO) may trigger PostC-like cardioprotection...

..The chronic effect of ETs on the myocardium results in hypertrophy and prevention of apoptosis, two processes that are together responsible for the contradictory effect of ETs in heart failure...

..Results suggest that improvement of systolic function is mainly due to the anti-necrotic rather than to the anti-stunning effect exerted by PostC...

..Our data show that Post-C induced protection involves an early redox-sensitive mechanism as well as a persistent activation of mK(ATP) and PKC, suggesting that the mK(ATP)/ROS/PKC pathway is involved in post-conditioning...

..These data suggest that COX must not be inhibited to have PostC protection. This finding should be kept present by future clinical studies on PostC...

..Data show that PostC protection against infarct size is blunted in SHR and that PostC is unable to add its protective effect to those of chronic Captopril, which per se reduces cardiac hypertrophy and heart susceptibility to I/R insult...

..The increase in ATP concentration after preconditioning is in agreement with previous reports of reduced ATP hydrolysis by cytoplasmic ATPases...

..These results demonstrate that the changes induced in CRH by preconditioning are independent of the opening of the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K(+) channels...

..Apelin-13 protects the heart only if given after ischemia. In this protection NO plays an important role. Apelin-13 efficiency as postconditioning mimetic cannot be explained by the increased APJ level...

..This might represent a risk for cardiovascular incidents in anabolic steroid addicts under stressing conditions...

..e. those derived from rat bone marrow transfected with green fluorescent protein. The results provide a basis for experimental studies of the differentiation of these cells in normal and pathological tissues...

..The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in central hemodynamics occurring during the metaboreflex activation...

..This article discusses the emerging aspects of HNO chemistry and attempts to provide a framework for the distinct effects of NO and HNO in vivo...

..Moreover, the cardiovascular response during metaboreflex is not merely achieved by vasoconstriction alone, but it appears that there is a complex interplay between peripheral vasoconstriction and heart contractility recruitment...

..The incapacity to enhance cardiac performance and stroke volume is probably the primary cause of this cardiovascular alteration...

....

....

..Nevertheless, mechanisms controlling the cardiovascular apparatus successfully prevented a drop in blood pressure in spite of the cardiovascular stress...

..Moreover, nitroglycerin pre-treatment does not ameliorate endothelial function...

..In addition, both in vivo and in vitro, 1.3-1.4 mol of IF(1) was predicted to fully inactivate 1 mol of synthase, thus excluding the existence of significant numbers of non-inhibitory binding sites for IF(1) in the F(0) sector...

..Furthermore, the mimicking of exercise-induced SWOP by PI-SWOP with transdermal nitroglycerin may represent an important clinical aspect...