Massimo Galli

..The R77Q mutation might reduce CD4+ T-cell depletion possibly affecting T-cell survival in vivo by altering the pro-apoptotic activity of Vpr...

..Cross-sectional and retrospective surveys suggest that nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) contribute to the metabolic and morphologic alterations observed in patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART)...

..To assess the correlates of risk of the different types of lipodystrophy and their modifications over time in a cohort of HIV-positive women receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART)...

..Adipose tissue alterations (ATAs) are a frequent untoward effect of antiretroviral therapy, the causes of which remain incompletely explained...

..To test the cytokine production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a group of HIV-infected women with breast enlargement and lower limb wasting while receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) including a protease inhibitor...

..Our study showed that antioxidant supplementation may have a protective role on mitochondrial function, with limited effects on the reversal of clinical lipodystrophic abnormalities in HIV-1-infected patients...

..Our data confirm the pivotal role of IL-2 and IL-7 in the regulation of T-lymphocyte homeostasis in HIV infection...

..The clearance of HCV replication did not affect the CD4(+) changes after Peg-IFN-RBV therapy in coinfected patients on efficient cART. Liver fibrosis and higher BMI were negative determinants of immune recovery...

..A better understanding of the relationship between T-cell dynamics and the HIV intracellular reservoir in HIV-infected patients failing to recover CD4 cell count following long-term HAART, is required...

..Crude rates of lipoatrophy and fat accumulation and adjusted relative rates were calculated using Poisson regression...

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..We hypothesise that the main route of dispersion of genotype D was the unsafe use of injections and drug addiction...

..To study the prevalence, predictors and outcome of late HIV diagnosis in the Icona cohort, according to the new European consensus definition of late diagnosis...

..We evaluated in this open-label, randomized controlled study the efficacy of fluvastatin as adjuvant to pegylated-(PEG)-IFN and ribavirin in HIV/HCV genotype 1 co-infected patients...

..We hypothesize that an important role is played by the enlargement of the viral replicative space...

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..CD36 is a multifunctional receptor with a wide tissue distribution that plays a crucial role in the cellular uptake and metabolism of lipids...

..Our data suggest that political and socio-economic factors played an important role in determining the rapid spread of HBV infection in Albania...

..These findings suggest that such hairpins may play a role in the higher recombination rates detected at these positions...

..These results show the usefulness of phylodynamic studies in reconstructing the history of epidemics due to highly variable DNA viruses, and in evaluating the long-term efficacy of prophylactic measures...

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..These data show a high prevalence of HTLV-1 infection in HIV-1-positive subjects living in Lima and confirm the presence in Latin America of HTLV-1 strains probably arising from South Africa...

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..The low level of polymorphism is probably due to a relatively recent divergence between the circulating genotypes and strong purifying selection acting on viral antigens...

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..Our results indicate that women are at higher risk of developing antiretroviral treatment-related ATAs and show a particular and complex ATA pattern...

..Epidemiological clusters originating in the early 2000s suggest a recent re-emergence of HIV in Italian MSM...

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..In a Phase I/II clinical trial performed on HIV-positive patients we analysed the safety and immunomodulating effects of tucaresol, a novel compound that has previously been described tn enhance cell-mediated immune responses...

..This is related to problems in tablet disintegration and to erratic drug absorption. The amelioration of the RAL pharmaceutical formulation could improve drug pharmacokinetics...

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..Furthermore, hypovitaminosis D was reported in HIV-infected individuals, but its role in liver disease progression in HIV/HCV coinfection is unknown...

..We investigated the significance of microbial translocation measured on average 3 years after HIV seroconversion in driving disease progression in HIV untreated patients with high CD4(+) cell count...

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..We used the [(13)C]methionine breath test to investigate hepatic mitochondrial oxidation in HIV-1-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy...

..Analysis of functionally defined T-cell differentiation in HIV-infected patients with low CD4(+) on virologically suppressive HAART is crucial to design clinically efficacious treatments...

..With the exception of hepatitis A and dengue fever infections, in a real-world setting serology is of modest utility and is probably overused...

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..At the time of this change, his CD4 count was 1069 cell/mm(3) and HIV-RNA undetectable. Our case suggests that patients should be carefully monitored after switching, and warned about the potential effects...

..US can be useful in the correct management of those patients with liquid silicone oil soft tissue augmentation who require subcutaneously injected drugs...

..To analyse the risk determinants of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections in pregnant women in Bissau...

..The administration of tucaresol did not accelerate env V3 evolution thus preventing modifications of HIV-1 tropism over time...

..This finding may be explained by multiple introduction of C strains...

..They also provide important information concerning the mechanisms of infection and the potential use of IL-15 as a therapeutic agent...

..Here we describe the successful and lasting treatment of a massive and movement/posture-hampering breast hypertrophy with reductive mastoplasty...

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..In conclusion, our data suggest that continuous and prolonged perturbations of vector/phlebovirus interactions due to the relatively recent climate changes may have contributed to gradually reducing the viral population in endemic areas...

..HIV/AIDS prevention strategies must primarily be addressed to traditional high-risk groups and secondarily to unsafe health care procedures in relatively preserved sub-Saharan areas...

..These results suggest the independent origin of each infection in the patient's birthplace. The data raise concerns about the further spread of HTLV infections mainly through the sexual route...

..The objective of this review was to define a core set of recommendations for the treatment of HCV-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia syndrome (MCS) by combining current evidence from clinical trials and expert opinion...

..In conclusion, the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus was introduced into Italy in the spring of 2009 by means of multiple importations. This was followed by repeated founder effects in the post-pandemic period that originated specific Italian clades...

..Intervention strategies of public health are needed to limit HIV-1 transmission and the associated TDR...

..We discuss the role of antiretroviral therapy-associated metabolic alterations in endothelial damage, hypertension, and reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome...

..Thus, adjuvant IL-2 therapy in immunologic nonresponders resulted in a clinical benefit, suggesting that the quantitative cell recovery involves functionally competent immune cells...

..These macrocyclic polyamines constitute a promising class of HIV entry inhibitors...

..The frequent HCV quasispecies compartmentalization in patients' PBMC suggests a possible pathogenetic significance...

..The present study was designed to evaluate in parallel the inter- and intra-patient variability of raltegravir pharmacokinetics in HIV-1-infected patients during routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)...

..Virus neutralization of primary virus strains and antibodies to gp41 were required to classify patients, suggesting that clinical profiles strongly rely on functional activity against HIV...

..Given the proven efficacy on the HARS assessments, if well standardized, US could be a reliable method, simpler than CT in the management of body fat changes related to HARS...

..The lack of iNKR-mediated functional inhibition of HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro could provide an additional mechanism for the efficient control of virus spread in LTNP patients...

..Better adherence is associated with a higher risk of subsequent occurrence of ATA, while patient-perceived onset of morphologic alterations can reduce adherence to antiretroviral therapy...

..In treatment-experienced patients ATV resistance is characterised by the accumulation of at least four mutations among those that confer cross-resistance to the PIs...

..However, further studies are needed to confirm these initial observations and ascertain whether the quantification of mtDNA in PBL is a useful and reliable marker to investigate and monitor HAART-related changes in fat distribution...

..The presence of CS did not significantly affect the treatment of newly diagnosed lymphomas...

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..Moreover, we identified a new 2aa insertion (TG) that has, to the best of our knowledge, never been reported before. A careful survey of novel RT genotypic insertion is thus warranted...

..This model can be used to study function of HIV-infected MDM and their behavior like HIV-1 reservoir. Ultimately, these studies may be helpful in defining approaches to control HIV-1 spread...