Raffaele De Caterina

..S.; Ado: 80+/-5, P = N.S.). CONCLUSION: PGI2 safely increases myocardial delivery of ADSCs, by mechanisms independent of its vasodilatory properties, with a potential for its use in cell therapy for cardiac repair...

..Using an evidence-based approach, we describe the results of completed clinical trials, highlight ongoing research with currently available agents, and recommend therapeutic options for specific heart diseases...

..A number of new anticoagulants, already developed or under development, target specific steps in the process, inhibiting a single coagulation factor or mimicking natural coagulation inhibitors...

..These results indicate that dipyridamole exerts anti-inflammatory properties in human monocytes that may favourably contribute to its actions in the secondary prevention of stroke, independent of its antiplatelet properties...

..There is also a need for assessing their long-term efficacy and safety over decades in the real-world setting...

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..Although convenient to administer and manage, they present challenges that need to be addressed...

..Here we discuss the role of HGF as a biomarker and mediator in cardioprotection and cardiovascular regeneration...

..We sought to determine the existence of a similar association for non-SAIDs (NSAIDs)...

..Antithrombotic therapies in AF have primarily focused on stroke prevention and bleeding. However, strokes and bleeds differ in severity, and the level of severity may differently impact mortality...

..The results of a recent study of ours, with a long follow-up, indeed suggest that homocysteine and vitamin B6 are independent and additive cardiovascular risk factors...

..Such drugs should be known by practicing cardiologists for their possible use in ICUs in the years to come...

..Enhanced LTC(4) biosynthesis may be a consequence of myocardial ischaemia or be linked to its pathogenetic substrate...

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..A large unmet need exists for new convenient and well-tolerated oral anticoagulants that do not require routine monitoring...

..Cardiologists need to be aware of the explosive pharmacological literature being accrued with these new drugs, as most of these will likely enter the clinical arena in the near future...

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..This review will summarize the mechanisms by which diet may influence atherogenesis through the early inception, progression, and clinical emergence of atherosclerosis, with a special focus on n-3 fatty acids...

..Decreased atherogenesis is currently thought to account at least in part for cardiovascular protection by n-3 PUFAs. We summarise the evidence for such effects and the putative mechanisms involved...

..quot;Old" drugs, such as dipyridamole, can also now be revisited for properties related to inhibition of vascular inflammation, probably by acting on the common hub of inflammation...

..This meta-analysis was performed to determine the effects of various cholesterol-lowering treatments on the risk of stroke and its relationship with the extent of cholesterol lowering...

..This review summarizes the epidemiological background for the use of omega-3 fatty acids with this indication, clinical trials performed so far, and experimental data supporting their antiarrhythmic efficacy...

..Both statins and vitamin E, by reducing the rate of lipid peroxidation, may interfere with oxidative stress, but the impact of their combination is unknown...

..These highlight the need for new anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation. The novel oral anticoagulants in development may overcome some of the limitations of vitamin K antagonists and address their underuse and safety concerns...

..We will here review the reasoning which should be at the basis of a set of recommendations, as recently expressed by two American expert opinion panels...

..This review critically summarizes this type of evidence and indicates current research directions for its further validation...

..This paper reviews published literature on n-3 fatty acids and atherosclerosis in animal models and in humans and in vitro experimental data yielding suport to the hypothesis of antiatherosclerotic effects of these substances...

..Epidemiological studies support the role for a strong genetic component in the occurrence of early-onset myocardial infarction (MI), although the specific genetic variants responsible for familial clustering remain largely unknown...

..It has been suggested that corrected QT dispersion (cQTD) provides a measure of repolarisation inhomogeneity; however, the existence of a relationship between cQTD and cardiac outcomes is controversial...

..Assays to evaluate platelet function are often interchangeably used to assess "resistance" to aspirin. We compared different platelet function assays in patients treated or untreated with aspirin...

..CONCLUSIONS: Chronic treatment with rosuvastatin before ischemia reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury and prevents coronary endothelial cell and cardiomyocyte damage by NO-dependent mechanisms...

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..Such impairment of insulin signalling in states of prolonged hyperinsulinemia pontially contributes to detrimental effects on atherogenesis in insulin resistance states, such as the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes...

..Therefore, hyperinsulinemia enhances cytokine-induced VCAM-1 expression in endothelial cells, thus potentially contributing to detrimental effects of other inflammatory stimuli on atherogenesis...

..This second part is devoted to the description of the main current clinical applications and perspectives...

..1 +/- 0.01 vs 0.02 +/- 0.003). The present study shows that exposure to low oxygen tension is capable of inducing programmed cell death and activating iNOS...

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..We tested the hypothesis that cardioprotective effect of TMZ is partly mediated by preservation of the endothelial barrier of the coronary microcirculation...

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..CONCLUSIONS: Aspirin-plus-clopidogrel and warfarin were equally safe and effective in preventing thromboembolism in this small group of patients with non-high-risk AF...

..This chapter provides a general overview of the use of antiplatelet agents in heart disease...

..Basal coronary flow relates to insulin resistance, suggesting a key role of cellular metabolism in the regulation of coronary blood flow...

..All together, these mechanisms may provide an integrated view of how n-3 FA may affect CVD...

..We investigated the role of distinct sources of ROS, including the mitochondrial electron transport chain, NAD(P)H oxidase, xanthine oxidase, and arachidonic acid metabolism, in AGE-induced VCAM-1 expression...

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..We tested the hypothesis that the co-administration of aspirin with either the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib or the nonselective COX inhibitor ibuprofen reduces ATL biosynthesis...

..In conclusion, omega-3 fatty acids blunt the increased CD36 expression and activity promoted by high concentrations of insulin. Such mechanisms may be the basis for the use of omega-3 fatty acids in diabetic microvasculopathy...

..The available data support the need to preserve certain dietary traditions, such as olive oil consumption, to counteract the burden of cardiovascular disease...

..Such relationship, found in subjects referred for recently suspected hypertension, likely appears early in the natural history of hypertension...

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..Thus, a better understanding of the biochemical mechanisms by which AGEs contribute to such processes in the vessel wall could be relevant to devise preventive and therapeutic strategies for diabetic atherosclerosis...

..These data suggest that statin therapy may protect the cardiac myocyte progenitors against the cytotoxicity of cytokine-induced high output of NO production in infarcted or ischemic hearts with inflammation...

..This observation suggests a new view of thrombosis that does not necessarily require the exposure of vessel wall-derived TF at the site of vascular injury to initiate and propagate thrombosis...

..These results indicate that oleate may exert direct vascular atheroprotective effects by inhibiting endothelial activation through a quenching of stimuli-induced increase in ROS...

..Part II will be devoted to the comparative analysis of various parameters derived from exercise stress testing for the diagnosis of underlying coronary artery disease...

..The pathophysiological significance of this correlation will have to await more mechanistic studies...

..In patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions with stenting, we investigated whether plasma levels of CML and the soluble form of receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) changed during poststenting follow-up...

..The knowledge and the identification of coronary artery anomalies have extreme clinical relevance in urgent angiography for STEMI patients...

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..The developing adipose tissue has neovasculogenic potential, based on the recruitment of local rather than circulating progenitors. Adipose tissue might therefore be a viable autonomous source of cells for postnatal neovascularization...

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..Therefore, we propose that prolonged combination therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel be mandatory up to 1 year after PCI in all patients receiving DES...

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..Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) might help repair ischemic cardiovascular tissue. Their in vivo effects on the bioenergetics and microcirculation of ischemic muscle through a variety of non-invasive techniques was examined...

..The widely observed between-subject variability in cardiovascular responses to coffee may have a genetic basis...

..In patients having first medical contact within 3 hours, with an anticipated absolute delay to PCI of more than 90 minutes, thrombolysis can be safely recommended...

..Here we summarize the evidence for such an occurrence. We also here highlight how new insights into pathways of vascular damage in diabetes may indicate new targets for preventive and treatment strategies...

..Here we propose an algorithm for the practical use of available GPIIb/IIIa antagonists in relation with the patient's clinical presentation and concomitant use of other drugs and devices...

..This rapid de-recruitment of collaterals is likely to put such patients at risk of future ischemic events...

..In this review we discuss molecular and functional characterization, preclinical results and currently ongoing clinical trials using adipose-derived stem cells in cardiovascular repair...

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..Extremely careful follow-up is mandatory after the recognition of intraluminal thrombi inside DES because restenosis may occur at the same site of DES thrombosis...

..HO-1 helps to regulate vascular tone via CO and thereby participates in an important cardiac defense mechanism...

..This article summarizes reasons for the ongoing debate on their efficacy and highlights areas of uncertainty...

..The aim of this study was to evaluate the antihypertensive and metabolic effects of telmisartan in hypertensive HIV-positive patients...

..We tested the ability of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to identify very early stages of atherosclerosis in vivo...

..Here, we discuss the possible application of HGF/Met gene therapy to enhance the ability of CSCs to promote myocardial regeneration...

..The patient's clinical status, ventricular function, and the presence of co-morbidities may orient clinical decisions in favour of incomplete revascularization...

..We sought to assess the impact of myocardial dysfunction during MIDCABG on long-term outcome and the protective role of collateral circulation on myocardial ischemia...

..A wider use of Cardiovascular Risk Charts should guide primary care physicians in prescribing aspirin for primary prevention...

..These results indicate that NO and antioxidants may attenuate vascular inflammation by antagonizing the effects of intracellular reactive oxygen species generation by IFN-gamma, which is necessary for MHC-II gene transcription...

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..CONCLUSIONS: Olive oil and red wine antioxidant polyphenols at nutritionally relevant concentrations transcriptionally inhibit endothelial adhesion molecule expression, thus partially explaining atheroprotection from Mediterranean diets...

..We investigated the main biomolecular features in the evolution of aortic stenosis, focusing on advanced lesions...

..Natural Mediterranean diet antioxidants can inhibit such activation, suggesting their possible therapeutic role in Hcy-induced vascular damage...

..Insulin resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress, the dietary intake of energy and alcohol, but not plasma CML, predicted endothelial activation in these men...