G Barbara

..Acute Salmonella gastroenteritis induces long-lasting digestive symptoms in up to one-third of subjects. The role of antimicrobial therapy on persistent post-infectious symptoms is unknown...

..However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We assessed the effect of mast cell mediators released from the colonic mucosa of IBS patients on the activation of rat sensory neurons in vitro...

..These novel mechanisms may aid a better understanding of the complex pathophysiology of IBS and to develop new therapies...

..We assessed colonic mast cell infiltration, mediator release, and spatial interactions with mucosal innervation and their correlation with abdominal pain in IBS patients...

..g., second generation antihistamines, proteinase-activated receptor antagonists) may be useful pharmacological tools for these common disorders...

..A brief review of the human and animal studies that have focused on the putative role of intestinal inflammation and infections in the pathogenesis of IBS is given...

..A substantial percentage of patients requires parenteral nutrition. Failure of this nutritional support represents an indication for small bowel transplantation...

..The present study compared clinical features, small bowel motility, and quality of life (QoL) in patients with CIIP or severe functional gastrointestinal disorders (SFGID), compared to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)...

..A wide array of potentially useful drugs are currently under consideration in pre-clinical trials. A better understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying IBS may help to develop more effective drugs for this disease...

..The identification of these mechanisms may provide a better understanding of the pathophysiology of H. pylori-related dyspepsia and prompt innovative therapeutic approaches...

..Anti-ganglioside antibodies have been described in sera of coeliac patients with peripheral neuropathy and cerebellar ataxia...

..The study of the ENS abnormalities in gut dysmotility provides a framework to better understand the mechanisms involved in degeneration and neuronal loss and fosters the development of targeted therapeutic options...

..Intestinal immune infiltration contributes to symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)...

..This article focuses on the main clinical features, the management and long-term outcome of patients affected by CIPO, with particular emphasis on those aspects which remain a matter of debate...

..Gastro-oesophageal reflux appears to be more prevalent in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis than in controls and in patients with secondary pulmonary fibrosis, but its contribution to interstitial lung disease remains unsettled...

..Lifestyle changes do not usually meet with complete patient satisfaction. Other treatments include different types of laxatives. Of these, osmotic laxatives appear one of the most effective and are, therefore, frequently prescribed...

..Among these agents, the potential of 5-hydroxytryptamine-4 receptor agonists and motilin receptor agonists is discussed...

..The high prevalence of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in the general population and the relatively high management costs should prompt any doctor to seek the best possible therapeutic approach...

..e. alacrima, achalasia and adrenocorticotropin-resistant adrenal insufficiency with neurological impairment) have mutations of the alacrima achalasia adrenal insufficiency syndrome (AAAS) gene...

..Delayed gastric emptying occurs frequently in patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms associated with functional or organic diseases...

..CONCLUSIONS: The evidence of a reduced peptide-containing nerve supply to the perineal muscles provides a morphologic basis suggesting that neural abnormalities contribute to the pathogenesis of genital prolapse and urinary incontinence...

..Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with any neurological abnormalities, anaemia and unexplained thrombocytopenia...

..As the pseudoaffective response is capsaicin sensitive, the rightward shift of the response is likely the consequence of the decrease in NK-1 receptors in the sensory pathways...

..Herein, we report a case of duodenal metastatic involvement leading to severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the absence of symptoms referable to the primary tumour...

..Surgery, based on anti-reflux procedures, and endoscopic approaches may have a role in the management of patients with GERD...

..Moreover, barium swallow X-ray, 24-h esophageal pH monitoring and gastro-esophageal manometry can be useful to support diagnosis in some unusual cases or in cases partially or unresponsive to standard pharmacologic treatment...

..Mediators released in the mucosal milieu have been suggested to be involved in visceral hypersensitivity and abdominal pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, their impact on myenteric neurons remains unsettled...

..The review thus provides some new perspectives in the pathophysiology and perhaps targeted treatment of CIIPO...

..Amelioration of experimental colitis by the selective beta(3)-adrenoceptor agonist SR58611A suggests that beta(3)-adrenoceptors may represent a therapeutic target in gut inflammation...

..Based on the concept that mucosa-nerve signaling is altered in IBS, we tested in this study whether the nerve sensitizing effect of IBS mucosal biopsy supernatants is more prominent in the submucous than myenteric plexus...

..In a large series of adult coeliac disease patients, we investigated the prevalence of neurological disorders and anti-neuronal antibodies, along with the clinical course...

..Our aims were to quantitate non-invasively small intestinal transit time and GB emptying during administration of a physiological and palatable solid meal, and to assess the effect of gluten-free diet (GFD)...

..Endoscopic ultrasonography represents the technique of choice used to confirm the clinical suspicion of pancreatic inflammation...

..Probiotics have been claimed to be of some benefit in IBS, but the majority of studies have been performed in non-specific IBS rather than in PI-IBS and a number of issues still remain to be elucidated...

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..Treatment of intestinal pseudo-obstruction involves nutritional, pharmacological and surgical therapies, but it is often unsatisfactory and the long-term outcome is generally poor in the majority of cases...

..In this study we tested the hypothesis that sera from a subpopulation of patients with CIP contain autoantibodies that activate autophagy via a Fas-dependent pathway in cultured human neuroblastoma SH-Sy5Y cells...

..The identification of mucosal inflammation in IBS has pathophysiologic implications and paves the way for novel therapeutic options...

..Evidence was obtained that such modulatory actions depend on an increased expression of alpha(2A)-adrenoceptors within the enteric nervous system...

..e., P2X2/3 receptors), NMDA receptors (NR2B subtype), protease-activated receptor-2, the vanilloid receptor-1, tachykinin receptors (NK(1)/NK(2)) and cholecystokinin (CCK)(1) receptors...

..The immunosuppressive approach deserves further investigation in patients with severe gut motor abnormalities attributable to idiopathic myenteric ganglionitis...

..Intestinal motor abnormalities have long been identified in CIIP patients. Little is known of the natural history of the disease in adults. This study evaluated the clinical course of CIIP over time...

..Our study establishes that proteases are released in IBS and that they can directly stimulate sensory neurons and generate hypersensitivity symptoms through the activation of PAR2...

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..Further work has now to be done to better understand the interplay among luminal factors, epithelial cells, and mucosal immunocytes in the pathogenesis of IBS...

..Such ENS changes mimic neuronal abnormalities observed in intestinal pseudo-obstruction...

..New colokinetic agents, including 5-HT(4) receptor agonists and motilides, may represent other useful therapeutic options for Ogilvie's syndrome...

..The potential benefit of antibiotic and probiotic therapy is currently under investigation and opens new perspectives in irritable bowel syndrome treatment...

..Neuromuscular changes producing dysmotility and hyperalgesia may underlie symptom generation in functional gastrointestinal disorders. We investigated whether chronic Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis causes neuromuscular dysfunction...

..CONCLUSIONS: IBS patients without overlapping dyspepsia have normal gastric emptying of solids. A significant association exists in IBS patients between delayed gastric emptying and overlapping relevant postprandial fullness and nausea...

..A better comprehension of ENS plasticity during inflammation could be instrumental to develop new therapeutic options for patients with IBD and inflammatory enteric neuropathies...

..The main pathogenetic and clinical features of the syndrome, together with current management recommendations are reviewed in this chapter...

..01). Our data strongly support the presence of a new genetic locus associated with CIIP, long-segment Barrett esophagus, and cardiac involvement on chromosome 8...

..At rest, LF/HF ratios were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in chronic UC patients (2.4 +/- 1.6) compared to controls (1.2 +/- 1.0). Our results suggest a higher sympathetic tone at rest in patients with chronic UC...

..The mechanisms underlying neurologic impairment in celiac disease remain unknown. We tested whether antineuronal antibody-positive sera of patients with celiac disease evoke neurodegeneration via apoptosis in vitro...

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..In this study, we evaluated the expression of 5-HT7 receptors in the guinea pig ileum and their role in peristalsis and accommodation of the circular muscle...