P Torelli

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..02). No differences were found between patients with and without disorder of pericranial muscles. We conclude that a standardized physiotherapy programme has a good therapeutic effect, albeit on a restricted group of patients...

..A few hypotheses on pathophysiology of restlessness are addressed in this paper...

..The association described in this review has significant pathogenetic, clinical and therapeutical implications...

..Among other non-drug and topical drug treatment options, hyperbaric oxygen therapy and the intranasal application of 10% cocaine hydrochloride and 10% lidocaine in the sphenopalatine fossa have also proved effective...

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..Comorbidity with psychiatric disorders has also been described for chronic tension-type headache and for chronic daily headache, although these findings are based only on clinical population data...

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..Finally, psychological factors and emotional disturbances have been indicated as risk factors for TTH. Indeed, stress and mental tension are the most common factors that cause TTH...

..Prevalence of cluster headache (CH) is estimated at 56 to 69 per 100,000...

..Based on clinical features, it seems reasonable to suppose that chronic CH may occur as two distinct entities...

..Finally, we propose an algorithm for primary headache management in ED patients, which is based on the literature data and clinical experience, and is suitable for application in Italy...

..Hypoglycemia and caffeine withdrawal have been especially implicated as causative factors, but much remains to be understood about this topic...

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..The role played by head injury and cigarette smoking in the evolution of the disorder still cannot be established with certainty...

..In addition, the percentage of men who considered their headache a disease did not increase with the increase in the number of headache days in the past year. More in-depth studies on this important aspect are needed...

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..However, weekend headache is a clinical entity that clearly needs further study...

..We report and discuss a case of cough headache secondary to spontaneous intracranial hypotension in an otherwise healthy 59-year-old man. The condition was complicated by cerebral venous thrombosis...

..In a coding system that took into account the diagnostic elements that we considered in our study, group 3.1 of the existing IHS classification would actually include 51 of the 99 patients currently coded as 3.3...

..Finally, the addition of headache attributed to psychiatric disorder, which is certainly a good option in perspective, is not yet supported by an adequate systematisation...

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..Our study seems to suggest that genetic factors play a role in the female gender, affecting age at onset of headache without modifying the clinical features...

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..e. use for more than 20 days/month) regardless of whether overuse played any role in the worsening of the headache. (4) Switching of medication overuse headache to the Appendix with other diagnostic criteria to be defined...

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..Finally, analysis of the diaries showed an increased frequency of headache attacks on weekends only among the men, which seems to corroborate the hypothesis of weekend headache as a disorder typically affecting men...

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..No additions will be made to the new IHS classification for forms such as new daily persistent headache (NDPH) and cervicogenic headache as proposed by Sjaastad...

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..Our study objective was to investigate the mode of occurrence of traumatic head injury in episodic cluster headache and migraine patients...

..Additionally, late onset represents a negative prognostic factor because, particularly in women, CH will more likely be a chronic form and even in episodic forms active periods will last longer...

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..Gender ratio ranged from 3.6:1 (in patients with onset before 1960) to 2.8:1 (in patients with onset in the 1980s), with no statistically significant changes during the observation period...

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..CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm that this questionnaire is a useful method for CH screening in epidemiological studies...

..The epidemiology of the central causes of facial pain is still unclear, but it is known that persistent idiopathic facial pain is a widespread, not easily manageable problem...

..7% M). The headache has disappeared completely in 11.1% of patients (8.0% F, 18.2% M); it has become less severe in 36.2% and more severe in only 5.5%. The results of our investigation point to a favorable evolution of MA over time...

..9% of patients and for tension-type headache (TTH) in 23.1%...

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..Proper measures should be taken to overcome the two major obstacles that stand in the way of a good patient-physician relationship: a physician's lack of adequate skills and the organisational absurdities of the health system...

..These findings do not support the purported association between headache and epilepsy...

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..This is the first population-based study conducted in Italy on a sample aged >or=18 since the publication of the IHS diagnostic criteria in 1988...

..More specifically, there seems to be a larger and more extensive involvement of the subnucleus caudalis in LS compared with US, where only its ventrocaudal portions are likely to be affected...

..Given the close temporal relation between the 2 events, multiple hypotheses can be advanced about a possible role of head trauma in the pathogenesis of cluster headache...

..Knowledge of cardiac cephalgia is scarce, due to its rare clinical occurrence and to the scant importance given to headache as a symptom concomitantly with an ischaemic cardiac event...

..To evaluate the rates, pattern, satisfaction with, and presence of predictors of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use in a clinical population of patients with cluster headache (CH)...

..However, there also is the possibility that previous head injuries may be more frequent among CH patients because of their lifestyle, which may leave them more exposed to the risk of traumatic events...

..Chronic tension-type headache (CTTH) is the most prevalent chronic headache with high socioeconomic costs. The primary aim was to study whether TrP palpation can distinguish patients with headache patients from healthy controls...