F Stocchi

..This study indicates that continuous lisuride infusion can be beneficial for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease and reverse established motor fluctuations and dyskinesia...

..Finally, we highlight the increasing importance of treatment strategies that stimulate dopamine receptors in a more continuous, less pulsatile manner as a way of reducing the risk of developing treatment-associated motor complications...

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..Exploratory analysis of the primary endpoint for 100 mg/day demonstrated that the addition of safinamide to a stable dose of DA improves motor symptoms in early PD and warrants further investigation...

..This 32-week study evaluated the maintained efficacy and safety of paroxetine in GAD by assessing the potential for relapse after discontinuation of medication...

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..Motor complications can be diminished with a continuous infusion of levodopa...

..Currently, this will most likely entail demonstrating that the drug provides benefit for PD patients for both imaging and clinical markers of disease progression...

..0 +/- 1.9 days. The results confirmed that, like ropinirole and levodopa, the short-acting dopamine agonist lisuride induces a long-duration response, probably due to postsynaptic changes...

..In this paper different types of cognitive and mood alteration are described in an attempt to identify additional reasons for the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism-like syndromes...

..We report the clinical data of 30 PD patients having at least five years of treatment with subcutaneous continuous apomorphine infusion...

..This substudy of LARGO aimed to assess the effect of rasagiline and entacapone on the motor symptoms of PD during the practically defined OFF state...

..These data raise the intriguing possibility that glutamate regulates differentiation of SVZ/NSCs by activating mGlu3 receptors...

..These hypotheses are under investigation and will pursue confirmation in controlled clinical trials...

..1% responders, mean 4.7-point motor score decrease; p > or = 0.05). These results suggest that doses of SAF exerting ion channel block and glutamate release inhibition add to its symptomatic effect and warrant exploration of higher doses...

..The neuropsychiatric assessment did not change in both groups compared with baseline, except for a significant improvement of mood in the apomorphine group...

..Therefore, the development of a simple treatment regimen using an oral formulation of levodopa to provide a more continuous dopaminergic stimulation will represent a significant advance in antiparkinsonian pharmacotherapy...

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..This study compares once-daily ropinirole 24-h prolonged release and three-times-daily ropinirole immediate release in patients with early Parkinson's disease...

..With proper monitoring, tolcapone is an effective, well-tolerated drug useful in the management of patients with fluctuating PD...

..3%); L/C: 1 patient (1.4%)]. This study failed to meet the primary endpoint (P = 0.07); however, there was a trend in favour of the M/C preparation, which deserves further attention...

..In this respect, apomorphine administration, via infusion pump, may be a good therapeutic option, aimed at obtaining continuous receptor stimulation, assisting in the management of motor fluctuations in the advanced phase of the disease...

..The increased density of D1-like and D2-like receptors on PBL in de novo PD patients may represent an upregulation mechanism resulting from the diffuse impairment of the dopaminergic system in PD...

..quot; Patients randomized to receive CHF 1512 had a significative shorter latency to "on" than those randomized to LD/CD and a similar "on" duration. The safety profile of CHF 1512 was also comparable with LD/CD...

..This effect is probably the result of postsynaptic mechanisms. In patients with advanced Parkinson's disease, the long-duration response to levodopa is present although slightly diminished...

..5+/-5.3 to 15.5+/-4.7). This open study shows that dual dopamine agonist therapy can be useful in the symptomatic treatment of patients with early or more advanced Parkinson's disease receiving therapy with or without levodopa...

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..It can, therefore, be suggested that the onset of dyskinesia may be prolonged if levodopa is administered in a more continuous manner by administering it as a combination of levodopa/DDCI and COMT inhibitor...

..The current challenge is to develop a long-acting formulation of levodopa that simulates the pharmacokinetic pattern seen with infusions of levodopa in attempt to provide comparable benefits with an oral levodopa treatment strategy...

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..In this paper, an overview of the different factors inducing motor fluctuations and the role of dopamine receptors stimulation is provided...

..It is important that early wearing-off is recognized as it has important consequences for the long-term outcome and for the medication regimens to be used...

..Dopamine receptor agonists have been extensively used as add-on therapy to L-dopa to treat motor complications. In this article we review the role of dopamine receptor agonists in the treatment of advanced parkinsonian patients...

..According to patient characteristics, treatment of PD should be started with rasagiline and/or with long-acting DA agonists...

..However, hemapheresis was not effective in some reported cases, and recent evidence suggests that Vitamin B12 deficiency or direct high-dose chronic L-Dopa toxicity might play a role in its origin...

..In conclusion, our results show that Bax and Sod1 mRNA levels are altered in PBMCs from both MCI and AD patients and indicate these changes as potential biomarkers in the early diagnosis of AD...

..The study suggests that this clinical tool might be used for neurogenic overactive bladder diagnosis and that it seems to be a useful outcome measure for treatments of neurogenic OAB...

..The current challenge is to develop a long-acting oral formulation of levodopa that provides clinical benefits but avoids motor complications...

..Our findings provide evidence of WO phenomena in patients with early PD receiving non-ergolinic DA monotherapy...

..The mean number of wearing-off symptoms reported by the 165 subjects indicating wearing-off on the clinical survey was 6.25, with tremor being the most common motor feature and tiredness the most common nonmotor feature...

..The current challenge is to develop a long-acting oral formulation of levodopa that provides comparable anti-parkinsonian benefits without motor complications...

..No statistical differences were noted with respect to sex, UPDRS subsection scores, Schwab & England Scale, or Hoehn & Yahr Scale...

..Clinical trials to test this hypothesis are underway. We review current evidence relating to these areas of controversy...

..This article considers the possibility that combining levodopa with entacapone may prevent or reverse motor complications...

..In this study we investigated whether the poor responsiveness to the early afternoon dose of levodopa depends only on peripheral and central levodopa pharmacokinetics or also on pharmacodynamic factors...

..This study confirms the frequent involvement of parkin and the importance of genetic testing in the diagnostic work-up of EOP...

..The associated phenotype was broad, including early and late disease onset. These findings confirm the association of LRRK2 with neurodegeneration, and identify a common mutation associated with dominantly inherited Parkinson's disease...

..Furthermore, frequently, problems such as diplopia, dribbling, apathy, blues, taste and smell problems were never previously disclosed to the health professionals...

..These data have implications both for understanding the molecular mechanisms of PD, and for directing the genetic screening in clinical practice...

..70). In conclusion, NMSS can be used to assess the frequency and severity of NMS in PD patients across all stages in conjunction with the recently validated non-motor questionnaire...

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