Antonio Preti

..Paying attention to the mechanisms leading to suicide described in ancient mythology may help us understand unusual and uncommon motives for suicide and the reasons people feel suicidal...

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..Specific characteristics associated with USEs may be more important than their frequency in predicting psychosis risk...

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..However, replications with clinical samples are necessary before any definitive statements can be made...

..In both sexes suicide case fatalities significantly decreased from 1990 onward. Improved survival after a suicide act is probably the main reason behind this favorable trend. The spreading of emergency services may prevent suicide...

..On the other hand, left-hand preference does vary by age and, in all likelihood, this is an effect of the reduced cultural pressure to write with the right hand in the younger generations...

..g. 6 months or less), it may achieve only a delay in psychosis onset. Due to the heterogeneity in the interventions considered, the current results do not allow recommendation for any specific treatment...

..A better identification of the people suffering from mental disorders and a reduction in prison overcrowding are two key issues that need to be implemented to reduce the impact of suicide and self-harming behaviours among convicts...

..A more thorough investigation of the dynamics operating in suicide bombing attacks could, therefore, contribute to preventative strategies against violence at large...

..The Empathy Quotient (EQ) is a self-report questionnaire that was developed to measure the cognitive, affective, and behavioural aspects of empathy. We evaluated its cross-cultural validity in an Italian sample...

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..This study set out to explore concurrently the prevalence of tattoos and body piercing, and eating disorder symptoms in a representative adolescent sample of a community in Sardinia, a major island in Italy...

..This study aimed at investigating the role of bodily dissatisfaction as a mediator effect on the impact of sexual abuse and the reporting of eating disorder symptoms...

..Animal models have contributed to the study of both normal and pathological human behaviors: discovering some correlates of suicide among animals could be a valid contribution to the field...

..The development of a code of rules to report on these episodes, likely to attract the interest of the population for their bloody implications, could prevent the dissemination of cultural norms that encourage this behavior...

..Delusions Inventory independently from the level of psychopathology (measured with the General Health Questionnaire), from their laterality score (measured with the HPQ), and from their higher use of both licit and illicit drugs...

..Conversely, the LSHS-R scores fully mediated the links between GHQ and PDI scores. It can be argued that hallucination proneness and psychosis proneness do not overlap in the nonclinical population but can both cause distress separately...

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..The role of sex, age and socioeconomic status in the differences by place of residence has often been neglected in past studies...

..This study presents the Italian brief, 39-item version of the questionnaire, more suited for studies in populations and currently validated in the U.S., and in a French translation...

..The links between mixed-handedness and psychosis-proneness in non-clinical samples are a reliable finding, deserving further investigation as a model for the risk of schizophrenia...

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..To establish sensitivity, specificity, and discriminative validity of the Peters et al Delusions Inventory (PDI), a recently released self-compiled questionnaire aimed at measuring psychosis proneness in the general population...

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..Past meta-analyses on suicide in eating disorders included few available studies...

..This suggests that self-deception is an active strategy and not merely a faulty cognitive process...

..Astroglia, neurotrophic factors and neurotrophins are implied in suicide, too. The prevention of suicide rests on the identification and treatment of every element increasing the risk...

..The 'healthy' status of control subjects was ascertained indirectly, not by individual assessment of the subjects. The sample size limits the statistical power of calculations...

..In this paper, findings from Italy are used to illustrate the clinical implications of studies into the topic of season and suicide, with the aim of developing more effective preventative strategies...

..Radical changes in the true incidence of psychoses, in particular of mood disorders, as described elsewhere, cannot be ruled out as contributing factors. Data bias and limitations preclude a generalisation of results, however...

..Unemployment rates associated strongly and positively with homicide rates, explaining up to 54% of variance in regional distribution of homicide rates across the 20 Italian administrative regions...

..The circannual rhythm found in this study of violent attempted suicide in relation to climate seasonal change confirms the importance of taking chronobiological variables into account in the evaluation of patients at risk of suicide...

..The link between mental disorders, such as manic-depression, which imply a higher risk of suicide, and creativeness is discussed as a contributing factor...

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..Climate contributes to this biological risk by modifying both the responsiveness of the circuits that control mood and behaviour, and also the frequency and intensity of social interaction...

..This study sets out to explore the impact of global warming on suicide mortality, using data from Italy...

..v.) cocaine self-administration in primates. The drug was well tolerated with no changes in blood pressure or oxygen saturation. Oral administration of the drug in clinical trials was planned following this study [346990]...

..In D3 receptor knockout mice, BP-897 has no effect [345710]. It does not reduce self-administration of cocaine in monkeys [318397]...

..Axokine, a second-generation neurotrophic factor that is related to ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), is under development by Regeneron for the potential treatment of obesity and associated complications such as type 2 diabetes...

..The orexin signaling pathway is now thought to participate in a complex cycle of energy homeostasis, including the control of food intake, waking time, motor activity, metabolic rate, heart rate and blood pressure...

..To determine whether there has been an increase in deaths by overdose in Italy, as elsewhere in the Western world, over the past fifteen years...

..In October 2001, analysts at Salomon Smith Barney predicted that the product would make sales of $24 million in 2002, rising to $305 million in 2005 [427501]...

..Beyond socioeconomic reasons, which might favour interpretations based on effects of health selection, the lower rate of suicides among musicians may reflect some protective effect arising from music...

..These compounds may have potential as antidepressants and anxiolytics. SV-030 and other analogs from the series are entering preclinical development [361291], [362064]...

..This study aims to identify and evaluate any diurnal variations that may be present in suicide occurrence by age and gender in Italy, considering data from 1994 to 1997...

..To examine whether sufferers of affective disorders are more likely to be subject to obstetric complications than normal healthy people...

..To analyze the characteristics of patients scheduled for discharge from acute psychiatric inpatient facilities in Italy, and their pattern of care...

..Manic-depression/bipolar disorder was linked to creativity, with affective temperaments allegedly favoring creative expression and achievement, but a few studies only empirically tested the link...

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..It still has to be proven whether early diagnostic identification and access to specialized care can reduce the burden caused by these disorders...

..This study set out to assess the validity and reliability of the HoNOS as a measure of outcome in the patients enrolled in an early intervention programme...

..OCs might interact with genetic vulnerability to increase the risk of psychosis. Lack of comparison to healthy controls is a limitation that decreases the value of these findings...

..Only a few studies, however, have explored global patterns of psychiatric admissions nationwide, and none have been undertaken in Italy...

..Young people are the ideal target of raising awareness and antistigma campaigns because they are at a higher risk for developing a psychopathology...

..Previous studies have suggested that gender may influence the length of DUP. This study reports the result of the first systematic literature review and meta-analysis on the role of gender in influencing DUP in first-episode psychosis...

..The complex influence of seasonal climate on human biological rhythms, particularly on 5-HT (serotonin) related functions, together with its effects on sociorelational habits, should be considered for suicide prevention...

..CONCLUSION: Negative life events and emotional reactions to the severing of social ties frequently occur as antecedents of suicide in Greek mythology...

..Anyway conflicting data were reported on the fading of suicide seasonality, and in some countries a rising trend was reported...

..delusions inventory suggests that single clusters of symptoms may be indicative of specific diagnostic categories within the spectrum of psychoses, allowing a more subtle determination of their boundaries and correlates...

..The use of self-report inventories is a limitation in drawing definitive conclusions on the rates of eating disorder in this area; however, bodily dissatisfaction seems to be psychologically linked to abnormal eating patterns...

..This study set out to test the hypothesis that the suicides that can be attributed to a psychiatric illness show a higher seasonality than the suicides due to any other reason...

..Although caution is required when drawing conclusions from self-reported measures, studies on mood disorders and suicidality in youth clearly need to include measures of eating disorders...

..Identification of the mental disorders underlying a higher propensity to aggression might help to prevent other negative outcomes such as suicide...

..Data from Slovenia were investigated to further evaluate the links between suicide rates and seasonal amplitude...

..This study was aimed at investigating the role of depression and aggressiveness as mediators in the links between eating disorder symptoms and suicide ideation among adolescents, taking into account age and sex as covariates...

..Better knowledge of the factors affecting the risk of mortality among substance-abusing people--due to changes in environmental or biological rhythms--could allow prediction of negative events, hence their prevention...

..Some periods of the year, however, are clearly and consistently linked to an enhanced risk of dying by unintentional, acute intoxication by illicit drugs...

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..Despite evidence of a link between the behavioral and cognitive dimensions of aggressiveness and eating disorders, only few studies have tested this relation empirically...