Emanuele Nicastri

..Immunosuppression related to HIV infection, immunosuppressive treatment, organ transplantation, and neoplastic diseases increases the risk for Leishmania-infected people to develop visceral illness...

..A national prospective multicenter study was conducted with the aim of assessing the incidence of both in-hospital and postdisharge SSI, and the associated risk factors...

..Studies of possible differences between men and women in the course of HIV infection give conflicting results. The objective of this study was to assess sex differences during HAART...

..falciparum. The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiological, clinical, host- and parasite-related determinant factor of the genetic diversity of P. falciparum infections in travellers returning to Italy...

..To assess gender differences in the long-term clinical, virological and immunological outcomes during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)...

..No relationship between HHV-8 infection and pulmonary hypertension was found...

..The better virological performance of NNRTI in terms of low residual viremia is consistent with specific literature data, whereas the greater impact of PI on the viral reservoirs is noteworthy and needs further investigations...

..A relationship between the M184V mutation and a viroimmunologic discordant response to HAART was found. After the genotypic analysis-driven change of therapy, similar rates of virologic suppression were detected in the two groups...

..001). After 4 years of HAART, the risk of clinical progression in patients with immunologic only or virologic only response is low but still higher than in complete responder patients...

..To determine factors associated with < 2.5 copies/ml plasma HIV RNA in subjects treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and with viraemia < 50 copies/ml...

..85). The mutations with the lowest agreement were 20R, 63P, and 84V in the protease gene and 184V in the reverse transcriptase gene. In eight patients, primary drug resistance mutations were detected only in PBMCs...

..In patients failing HAART, the detection of HIV isolates with the R5 biological phenotype correlates with CD4+ cell count, an impaired replication capacity, and a high number of drug-resistance mutations...

..A viral assay to evaluate the HIV replicative capacity is described. The high variability of replicative capacity confirms the need to undertake replicative capacity assay using the whole virus...

..Evaluation of the clinical impact of the low plasma ARV concentrations during pregnancy on the long-term virological outcome deserves further larger studies...

..To assess the role of viral suppression on clinical progression following a genotypic resistance test (GRT), we have examined a database on patients failing to respond to combined antiretroviral therapy (cART)...

..The degree of concordance of genotypic assays among 12 experienced laboratories is also reported...

..In addition, sustained suppression of the plasma viral load was significantly correlated with low levels of proviral DNA before treatment simplification...

..026). In our experience, the reduction of 3rd generation cephalosporin use was an effective strategy to reduce the MRSA infection rate and was associated with the reduction of the overall expenditure for antibiotics in the hospital...

..To study virologic and immunologic factors associated with discordant treatment response in HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)...

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..Randomized clinical trials to allow general recommendations for the use of resistance assays in clinical practice are still urgently required...

..The aim of the study is to test if raltegravir plasma concentrations can be associated with proviral DNA decline during raltegravir-based salvage therapy...

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..Nosocomial pulmonary infections (NPI) appear to be more common in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), as a result of the degree of immunosuppression, prior use of antibiotics, and exposure to invasive procedures...

..However, recent literature is limited. We report a case of left thigh phlegmon caused by N. farcinica that occurred in a patient with Leprosy undergoing treatment with prednisone for leprosy reaction...

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..We describe the clinical outcome of a heavily antiretroviral-experienced patient who experienced early failure to raltegravir...

..An advanced TB laboratory can represent a low cost solution to strengthen the TB diagnosis, to provide capacity building and mid-term sustainability...

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..We describe a case of septic shock and multiorgan failure that occurred after etanercept initiation and influenza vaccination in an HIV-infected woman with rheumatoid arthritis...

..abstract:..

..Here we discuss the current knowledge about VHF clinical management to propose a way to step up the approach to VHFs beyond the mere application of infection control measures...

..The objective of this study was to provide seroprevalence data on dengue infection in Tanzania...

..Major attention should be given to strict adherence to infection control measures in the dialysis setting...

..Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. During the period from 2002 through 2004, a group of Italian hospitals was recruited to conduct HAI point-prevalence surveys...

..Aggressive preventive strategies should be implemented to decrease the complications associated with pressure ulcers among patients infected with HIV-1...

..The evidence that atovaquone/proguanil significantly interacts with etravirine and saquinavir, but not with raltegravir and maraviroc, suggests that the mechanism of interaction is related to cytochrome P450...

..This review will briefly discuss the epidemiology, costs, outcome, and therapeutic options for the management of MRSA infections...

..The GRADE method for grading the quality of evidence and strength of recommendation was applied...

..6% and 7.2% among patients with and without NBSIs, respectively (P<.00001). In the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy, NBSIs continue to occur frequently and remain severe and life-threatening manifestations...

..In contrast, early changes in PVL levels were not. Virologic failure was associated with detection of emergent DRMs. Virologic rebound in patients on salvage-HAART should be addressed aggressively...

..The aim of the present study was to assess the SSI frequency in plastic and reconstructive surgery settings in Italy and to evaluate the associated risk factors...

..To investigate the utility of ultrasonography (US) for assessing and grading facial lypoatrophy (FLA) in patients with HIV...

..The working groups reviewed the available studies and formulated recommendations to be voted on at the national consensus conference held in Rome in June 2009...

..An interview with the unit personnel revealed several breaches in infection control measures and the lack of vaccination of healthcare workers against HAV ...

..In conclusion, HHV-8 seroprevalence appears to be increased during 10 years among HIV-infected injection drug users but not among homosexual men, who remain those at the highest risk of infection...

..Despite the low number of patients and the short follow-up period, this study suggests that during failing therapy with analogue nucleosides, a phenotypic analysis could be performed in spite of an HIV genotypic sensitivity pattern...

..005) CD4 counts and a prolonged duration of treatment (P = 0.001). At adjusted analysis, prolonged duration of treatment was independently associated with lower (P = 0.006) and undetectable (P < 0.001) HIV DNA values...

..Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection causes Kaposi sarcoma and lymphoproliferative disorders in immunosuppressed adults. Its manifestations in immunocompetent hosts are unknown...

..We describe 7 cases of Chikungunya fever imported into Italy by travellers returning from affected countries. The current outbreak is described, and the risk of establishment of a chain of transmission in Italy is discussed...

..The spread of SARS, to less developed country with limited resource for public health programs, represent the emerging alarming threat in the new global scenario...

..Treatment with mebendazole and steroids was effective. The presence of persistent headache, fever, and eosinophilia in travelers who return from developing countries should alert clinicians to the possibility of EM...