Eva Negri

..The main reason for nonadherence to the indication was use as a second-line or advanced line of therapy. The incidence of serious adverse events and the survival rates of mCRC patients were similar to those reported in clinical trials...

..The paucity of information on the relation of sun exposure or vitamin D with adult Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) or childhood lymphomas prevents any definite conclusion...

..6 for current smokers, heavy drinkers with family history. History of oral and pharyngeal cancer and laryngeal cancer is a strong determinant of oral and pharyngeal cancer risk, independent from tobacco and alcohol...

..None of the associations were significant after further allowance for vitamin C, probably on account of the high collinearity between these compounds...

..Thus, the results of the present study do not support a protective effect of flavonoids on prostate cancer in this Italian population, characterized by a high intake of flavonoid-containing foods (except isoflavone-rich foods)...

..98, 95% CI: 0.86-1.12) and grain fibre (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.95-1.15). The inverse association with vegetable fibre may reflect a real favorable effect, or be an indicator of a beneficial role of a diet rich in vegetable on RCC risk...

..The role of diet on colorectal cancer has been considered in terms of single foods and nutrients, but less frequently in terms of dietary patterns...

..Interest in the potential benefits of allium vegetables, in particular, onion (Allium cepa) and garlic (Allium sativum), has its origin in antiquity, but the details of these benefits are still open to discussion...

..Diet diversity has been recommended to achieve a healthy diet and prevent cancer...

..To provide information on the relation between intake of carotenoids and retinol and endometrial cancer, since available data are inconsistent. Further, carotenoids other than beta-carotene have been rarely investigated...

..The results of this study provide further indications on dietary correlates of RCC, and in particular indicate that a diet rich in refined cereals and poor in vegetables may have an unfavorable role on RCC...

..Further adjustment for fruit and vegetables, or vitamin C, did not materially change these associations. This is the first epidemiological study to suggest that dietary proanthocyanidins have a favorable role on gastric cancer risk...

..Fiber intake has been inversely related to stomach cancer risk, although this issue is still controversial...

..Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between onion and garlic intake and endometrial cancer, using data from an Italian case-control study...

..Steady downward trends persist in gastric cancer mortality worldwide even in middle aged population, and hence further appreciable declines are likely in the near future...

..69) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (OR=0.67). In conclusion, a diet poor in animal proteins and rich in sugars (mainly derived from fruit) appears to have a beneficial effect on pancreatic cancer risk...

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..Although several studies have been conducted on the relation between dietary habits and endometrial cancer risk, the evidence for specific food groups is still controversial...

..We therefore investigated the relation between GI and glycemic load (GL) with body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR), as a measure of body fat distribution...

..Carbohydrates and dietary glycemic index (GI) influence the secretion of insulin and insulin-related growth factors and may play a role in the development of diabetes and obesity, both of which have been related to pancreatic cancer risk...

..Citrus fruit has shown a favorable effect against various cancers. To better understand their role in cancer risk, we analyzed data from a series of case-control studies conducted in Italy and Switzerland...

..The results were consistent across strata of age, alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking. This study suggests that a diet not only rich but also varied in fruit and vegetables is related to a decreased risk of laryngeal cancer risk...

..64-1.13), 0.85 (95% CI = 0.64-1.12) for folate and 0.80 (95% CI = 0.60-1.07) for niacin. No meaningful associations emerged for lycopene (OR = 1.11). The present findings support a possible beneficial effect of vitamin E and C on RCC...

..The associations were apparently stronger for rectal than for colon cancer, in the absence of significant heterogeneity. These results may explain the protective effect of vegetables and fruit on colorectal cancer...

..The difference with selected studies from North America suggests that dietary and lifestyle correlates of pizza eating vary between different populations and social groups...

..Allowance for vegetable and fruit consumption only partly explained these inverse relations. Thus, flavonoids, and particularly flavones and flavonols, may account, at least in part, for the favorable role of plant foods on RCC...

..To analyze the relationship between onion and garlic intake and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), using data from a multicenter case-control study conducted in Italy...

..Changes in smoking habits and alcohol drinking for men, and perhaps nutrition, diet and physical activity for both sexes, can partly or largely explain these trends...

..Zinc concentration is higher in the prostate than in most other tissues. Since information on the role of zinc on prostate carcinogenesis is controversial, we analysed the issue in a case-control study...

..In conclusion, this study suggests that flavanone intake is inversely associated with esophageal cancer risk and may account, with vitamin C, for the protective effect of fruit, especially citrus fruit, on esophageal cancer...

..This is of specific interest since iron is frequently included in supplementation and fortification of foods. We assessed the relation between dietary iron intake and the risk of non-fatal AMI...

..1 [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.3-16.6] for bladder, 2.0 (95% CI: 0.6-6.2) for renal cell and 2.0 (95% CI: 0.9-4.1) for prostate cancer...

..There have been several studies on diet and gastric cancer, but only a few investigations have considered the role of dietary patterns...

..53, 95% CI = 0.30-0.93, P for trend = 0.08). The results of this study confirm a protective role of vegetables and fruit against stomach cancer and suggest a detrimental effect of (refined) cereals on this neoplasm...

..These trends essentially reflect the changes in alcohol and tobacco consumption in various populations...

..We found inverse associations between proanthocyanidins and colorectal cancer. These associations appeared stronger for proanthocyanidins with a higher degree of polymerization (OR = 0.69 for ≥ 10 mers)...

..90), but the risk was based on three cases and 16 controls only. We observed no association between regular aspirin use and pancreatic cancer risk, although our results suggested a possible protective effect for long-term current users...

..Alcohol consumption increases breast cancer risk. Some studies suggested that this association is stronger or limited to tumors expressing estrogen receptors (ER)...

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..This study suggests that women whose husband had a diagnosis of cancer are not at increased risk of breast cancer, although results for individual cancer sites should be interpreted with caution, due to small numbers...

..Inconclusive information is available on the potential role of milk and dairy products on the risk of cancer at several sites...

..The findings of this large study provide support for an inverse association of selected classes of flavonoids with colorectal cancer risk...

..On the basis of our findings and the relevant literature, we infer that isoflavones, and perhaps flavonols, may have favorable effects with respect to ovarian cancer risk...

..To analyze the relationship between selected risk factors and prostate cancer risk in men younger than 60 years, using data from a large, multicenter, case-control study conducted in Italy...

..55 (95% CI, 1.19-2.01) for subjects with MetS. Metabolic syndrome is related to pancreatic cancer risk. Diabetes is the key component related to risk...

..To update previous work on Italian cancer mortality...

..To investigate the role of menstrual, reproductive, and hormonal factors, as well as benign female conditions, on pancreatic cancer risk...

..Only two epidemiological studies considered the relation between dietary intake of allium vegetables and cardiovascular diseases...

..The Mediterranean diet is rich in fat and starch, and hence may be related to overweight. We therefore investigated the relationship between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)...

..02 for 125g ethanol/day. This meta-analysis provides more precise evidence of a gross excess of OPC risk for heavy alcohol drinkers. It also indicates an increased risk for moderate doses, i.e., <or=1 drink or 10g ethanol/day...

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..45-0.82) and 1.03 (95% CI: 0.99-1.07) for lukewarm and hot tea, respectively (P value for interaction <0.001). We found an inverse relationship between green tea drinking and gastric cancer risk limited to the intake of lukewarm tea...

..This study--the first one from a population outside North America--adds relevant information on the absence of a consistent association between aspirin use and endometrial cancer risk, even in high-risk overweight and obese women...

..We assessed the relation between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components and colorectal cancer...

..0-2.7). Direct associations were found for a few other cancer sites. In conclusion, a family history of endometrial, uterine or intestinal cancer in first-degree relatives is associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer...

..To provide information about the association of coffee, black tea with gastric cancer risk...

..Although BPH is extremely common among the elderly, its etiology-and, particularly, the role of diet and specific macronutrients-is still unclear...

..These results add epidemiological support to the dietary guidelines recommending a more varied diet, particularly in fruit and vegetables, for esophageal cancer prevention...

..3; 95% CI, 1.5-12.9), as suggested from previous studies. The OR of RCC was also significantly elevated for a family history of prostate cancer (OR, 1.9), leukemias (OR, 2.2), or any cancer (OR, 1.5)...

..To analyze the components of the favorable trends in gastric cancer in Europe...

..To analyze the relationship between surgically treated benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and intake of selected micronutrients...

..3) and kidney (OR = 3.8, 95% CI 1.2-12.1) cancer were also associated to an increased risk of laryngeal cancer, while no significant increase in risk was found for family history of cancer at all sites, excluding the larynx (OR = 1.1)...

..88 and 1.15. This study thus indicates that in the Italian population characterized by frequent wine consumption, wine is the beverage most strongly related to the risk of laryngeal cancer...

..We analyzed the relation between factors related to endogenous female hormones and the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI)...

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..Their effect does not seem to be substantially different from that of other vegetables, which appear to be protective on this cancer...

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..We analyzed the relation between HRT use and the risk of nonfatal acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Italy...

..95), flavan-3-ols (OR, 0.86), anthocyanidins (OR, 1.09), as well as for isoflavones (OR, 1.05). The findings of this large study of an inverse association between flavones and breast cancer risk confirm the results of a Greek study...

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..Marital status has long been related to cancer incidence and mortality rates. However, only few analytical studies have been conducted on this issue considering known or potential confounding factors...

..0-3.6), and kidney (OR, 4.6; 95% CI, 1.0-20.9) increased NHL risk. The OR was also elevated for all cancer sites (OR, 1.7 95% CI, 1.2-2.4) and the risk increased with the number of affected relatives also when HLP cancers were excluded...

..Our aim was to investigate the reliability of the information on family history of cancer in first-degree relatives in a hospital-based case-control study...

..Our aim was to provide a comprehensive review of European epidemiological studies on the issue...

..85 for ovarian cancer. All the estimates were statistically significant, excluding that for rectal cancer, and consistent across strata of age and gender. These results suggest that n-3 PUFAs decrease the risk of several cancers...

..The effect of the psychiatric hospital (PH) closure process on mortality has nonetheless seldom been investigated. We studied mortality in a cohort of PH patients, taking into account the closure process in Italy...

..73-0.93). These relationships were consistent across strata of age, family history of prostate cancer, body mass index and education. Vegetable fibres appear, therefore, to have a favourable association with prostate cancer risk...

..The particularly favourable trends in young people suggest that a further decline in mortality from CMM in Europe is likely to occur within the next few years...

..82 (95% CI = 0.56-1.19) for laryngeal, 0.74 (95% CI = 0.61-0.89) for colon and 0.93 (95% CI = 0.75-1.17) for rectal cancer. Pizza appears therefore to be a favorable indicator of risk for digestive tract neoplasms in this population...

..Our study, based on a population with high alcohol (mainly wine) intake, found no association between bladder cancer risk and alcohol intake, even at high levels of consumption...

..Thus, preferring olive oil to other added lipids, particularly those rich in saturated fats, can decrease the risk of upper digestive and respiratory tract neoplasms, breast and, possibly, colorectal and other cancer sites...

..83 for those reporting high alcohol, low methionine and low folate intake. The present findings support a favorable role of folate in colorectal carcinogenesis...

..8-1.1. We found no evidence of interaction with age, gender, alcohol and tobacco use. Our data provide reassuring evidence for the lack of an important association between consumption of fried/baked potatoes and cancer risk...

..The association of each risk factor was much stronger in diabetic women. Preventive measures to reduce the prevalence of each additional risk factors in diabetic subjects could led to a substantial reduction of risk of AMI...

..Some further improvement in childhood cancer mortality is therefore achievable through more widespread and better adoption of currently available treatments...

..8 (95% CI: 13.6-110.9) as compared to never smokers and light drinkers. Thus, pipe smoking and heavy alcohol drinking appears to interact at least on a multiplicative model...

..CONCLUSION: The present analysis provides evidence that the inverse relation between coffee and HCC is real, though inference on causality remains open to discussion...

..Our study found no association between occupational exposure to ultraviolet radiation and the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma...

..European studies of PM exposure and lung cancer do not show a clear association, but uncertainties remain for the measurement of exposure and latency...

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..Although some hormonal correlates of ovarian cysts may have a role on breast cancer risk, a biological explanation of this inverse association is still unclear...

..Any inference should in any case be based on age-standardized rates, and, essentially, on detailed inspection of age-specific rates...

..Although BPH is an extremely common condition, particularly among older men, its risk factors, including dietary ones, remain largely undefined...

..We provided estimates of the number of incident and prevalent cases of kidney and renal cell cancer in Italy overall and in various regions in 2002 and gave projections for the years 2007 and 2012...

..38-6.02) and 3.82 (95% CI: 1.97-7.41), respectively. This study gives further support and quantification of the positive association between IAP, history of selected nonmalignant lung diseases, and lung cancer risk for both the sexes...

..Data on infants and younger children were too scanty to allow separate assessment...

..2, 95% CI 0.7-2.2). Our study adds further information on the association of family history of cancer and risk of PC and is, to our knowledge, the first comprehensive epidemiologic information on family history of cancer and risk of BPH...

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..No significant heterogeneity was found for regular use of aspirin across strata of age and sex. This study, based on a large dataset, suggests that regular use of aspirin did not increase RCC risk...

..CONCLUSION: HCC mortality remains largely variable across Europe. Favorable trends were observed in several European countries mainly over the last decade, particularly in women and in young adults...