Michele Maroli

..2%), P. keshishiani (0.6%) and S. grekovi (0.1%). The role of the suspected vector, P. longiductus in the transmission of VL cases in the Fergana focus is discussed in relation to its abundance and distribution in the valley...

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..The apparent absence of P. neglectus in Central Italy is discussed and the resulting settlement through two probable migration routes from the East is analysed...

..The results showed that two Italian populations of P. perniciosus and P. papatasi from Campania region and from Rome, respectively, are susceptible to the insecticides tested as compared with the reference strain used...

..Laboratory and field evaluations have shown that impregnated dog collars and topical application of insecticides could protect dogs from most sandfly bites by means of both anti-feeding and killing effect of the pirethorids used...

..Northern continental Italy is now focally endemic for VL and a moderate risk for human disease does exist, although the intensity of transmission seems to be lower than in traditional settings of Mediterranean VL...

..CS n-PCR technique can be a suitable marker for assessing Leishmania exposure in dogs as a non-invasive alternative to current serological and molecular tools...

..8%). These laboratory results if confirmed by field evaluation indicate cyfluthrin as good candidate for treatment of mosquito nets to be used against phlebotomine sandflies...

..The results of the present study confirm previous observations on the repellent effect of garlic oil against haematophagous arthropods...

..albopictus in its original range of distribution and highlights the high potential of this species as a vector of human pathogens in urban areas of Italy, where both humans and the mosquito itself may reach very high densities...

..perniciosus densities between the two surveyed areas...

..This is the first evidence of transmissibility of feline parasites to a proven vector, suggesting that cats may represent an additional domestic reservoir for L. infantum...

..We found that maximum temperature levels during the previous summer were associated with increases in MSF incidence...

..Two groups can be individualised, one oriental and one western in connection with ecology, host preferences and distribution of L. tropica. We hypothesise that they could be correlated with differences in vectorial capacities...

..ovallesi population, and control CL transmission in this and other foci where this sandfly is considered to be the main vector...

..Among the species, which may act as Leishmania infantum vectors, P. tobbi and P. neglectus were the most abundant...

..infection by PCR testing. The two most prevalent sand fly species found were Phlebotomus perfiliewi and P. perniciosus. Of the female sand flies tested, 2.9% were positive for Leishmania sp. DNA by the PCR...

..Active foci of canine leishmaniasis were identified, which suggests that the disease is now also endemic in continental climate areas...

..papatasi over its distribution area have similar vectorial capacities. The limits of the distribution area of L. major are correlated with the distribution of common rodents acting as hosts of the parasites...

..bursa was found to be abundant on cattle (46.3%) and sheep (62.0%), R. sanguineus was prevalent on dogs (50.4%), and R. turanicus on donkeys (41.0%) and as free-living species (48.5%)...

..We report three cases of O. ovis infestation which occurred in Italy in a limited area of La Spezia province (Le Cinque Terre), Italy during summer 2004. None of the patients had contact with wild or farm animals...