Walter Adriani

..It has been suggested that PD protocols also measure impulsivity, however, a clear dissociation has been reported between delay and probability discounting...

..Exposure to nicotine during periadolescence, but not similar exposure in the postadolescent period, increases nicotine self-administration in rats, but underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood...

..Our observations suggest that adolescent MPH exposure causes only transient changes in reproductive and hormonal parameters, and a more enduring enhancement of neurobehavioral plasticity...

..Together with recent findings, APP-SWE mice emerge as a suitable animal model, characterized by a number of specific behavioral alterations, resembling primary and secondary symptoms of human Alzheimer's disease...

..This study characterized the role of aAbs to these receptors in behavioral modulations recruited during opioid tolerance and sensitization...

..The HZ genotype can thus represent a useful animal model for the study of behavioral disorders consequent to reduced neural plasticity...

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..HZ may be used to disentangle interactions between genetic vulnerability and environmental factors. Such an approach could help to model the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental psychiatric diseases...

..These modifications might in turn trigger enduring changes responsible for the adult neurobehavioral profile, that is, altered processing of incentive values and a modified flexibility/habit balance...

..The modulatory effects of a chronic treatment with the atypical antipsychotic olanzapine (OLZ, 1.5 mg/kg for 40 days) were also investigated...

..Adolescent rodents differ markedly from adults in several neuro-behavioural parameters. Moreover, 'paradoxical' responses to psychostimulants have been reported at this age...

..Both these changes indicated an increased sensitivity to the addictive properties of nicotine. In conclusion, adolescence seems to be a critical developmental period, characterized by enhanced neurobehavioral vulnerability to nicotine...

..Insights into the developmental trajectories of this neuromodulatory system may help us to better understand and prevent outcomes of neonatal and adolescent cannabis exposure...

..This animal model may thus be useful to investigate some cognitive deficits and other secondary symptoms seen in Alzheimer's disease...

..In summary, administration of URB597 during adolescence increased self-control behaviour and produced enduring brain biochemical modifications, in a model for neuropsychiatric disorders...

..The ALC treatment increased NA levels in the CC and the 5HIAA/5HT ratio in both CC and MFC. Present data suggest that ALC, a drug devoid of psychostimulant properties, may have some beneficial effects in the treatment of ADHD children...

..These findings support neurobiological vulnerability to drugs in adolescent humans...

..Conversely, a drug-enhanced capacity to cope with delay may involve an internal ability to adjust expectancy about such a reinforcing rate...

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..These data confirm that exposure to weak environmental estrogens in the period of brain sexual differentiation can influence adult behavior...

..Results clearly indicate that Tg2576 mice are characterized by a number of specific behavioral cognitive alterations, compatible with Alzheimer's disease (AD), which make them a suitable animal model for testing of novel anti-AD drugs...

..At the tested doses, both compounds did not induce sedative action or compulsive behaviour. These results encourage making deeper investigations on this field...

..The present animal model might be useful to investigate psychobiological determinants involved in early tobacco smoking in human adolescents..

..In the next future, agonist modulation of 5-HT(7) receptors might turn out to be beneficial for sleep and/or anxiety disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder'...

..The present findings revealed two differential serotonergic sub-pathways, as evidenced by the detection of physiological vascular feedback and/or neuronal activation...

..In conclusion, a clear-cut preference for NIC can be easily established when the drug offer is concurrent to a restricted access to water. The present paradigm may be useful to investigate issues of NIC dependence...

..Here, we assessed the interplay between DAT auto-immunity and behavioural / neurochemical phenotype...

..Actually, this model is able to show behavioral features that resemble those found in human adolescents, including vulnerability to the consumption of psychoactive drugs...

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..These results appear relevant to the issue of early experiences as possible risk factors for a number of psychiatric disorders in humans, including the abuse of drugs...

..Beneficial effects of stimulation by an enriched environment during the still-plastic window of adolescence are suggested in these animals...

..Chlorpyrifos, a potent and reversible acetylcholinesterase blocker used as a pesticide, and the "reeler" mouse, lacking the extracellular-matrix protein Reelin, were used...

..Present data demonstrate that TO and SL crucially influence rats' performance in these operant tasks. Their methodological refinement is highly relevant to validate preclinical models for inhibitory-control impairments...

..These results raise an important additional concern for the health consequences of nicotine abuse and open new insight on the possible neural mechanisms of tobacco addiction...

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..Present results confirm and extend previous literature, indicating that adolescent SHRs represent a suitable animal model for the preclinical investigation of the early-onset ADHD syndrome...

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..AIDS and car accident)...

..This may be a cause for concern for public health, confirming that exposure to a weak environmental estrogen in the period of sexual differentiation of the brain can influence adult behavior...

..In conclusion, methodological refinement is essential to allow the study of risk-prone behaviour during rat adolescence, thus contributing to a better understanding of psychobiological determinants of gambling...

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..These age-related changes do imply very different degrees of vulnerability to drug addiction and several other neuropsychiatric disorders...

..Hence, 2 main features of adolescence were elevated impulsivity and restlessness, and low (or absent) rewarding efficacy of amphetamine...

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..Therefore, together with further investigations on their potential functional consequences, we propose a thorough exploration of aAbs to MDOR and to AMPA GluR1 subunit as early biomarkers signaling opiate addiction...

..e. cannabis and morphine/heroin when taken later in life...