Ele Ferrannini

..These cases provide evidence that insulin-resistant diabetes can be caused by extremely high levels of TGs...

..In type 2 diabetes, the excess GNG of the fasting state is carried over to the insulinized state, thereby contributing to glucose overproduction under both conditions...

..We conclude that ANP release is resistant to volume stimulation in type 2 diabetic patients, and natriuresis is resistant to ANP action. This dual disruption of ANP control may play a role in blood pressure regulation in diabetes...

..We conclude that, within a 3-year time frame, the onset of diabetes is very often rapid rather than gradual and is in part explained by a fall in glucose-stimulated insulin response...

..CONCLUSIONS: This study will evaluate the importance of insulin resistance in the development of CVD and diabetes, and has implications for the development of prevention and treatment strategies...

..Although absolute glycosuria decreases with declining GFR, the efficiency of ipragliflozin action (fractional glucose excretion) is maintained in patients with severe renal impairment...

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..In general, the positive effects of antihypertensive drugs on cardiovascular outcomes outweigh the negative effects of antihypertensive drugs on glucose metabolism...

..Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. The underlying mechanisms (incretin effect, β-cell function, endogenous glucose production) are not well known...

..Open-loop insulin therapy faces the complexities of insulin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Insulin therapy thus remains defiantly empiric...

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..The natural history and physiological determinants of glucose intolerance in subjects living in Europe have not been investigated. The aim of this study was to increase our understanding of this area...

..Although genetic influences affect β-cell function, becoming overweight is the main acquired challenge to insulin action. The phenotype of prediabetes includes dyslipidemia and higher arterial blood pressure...

..Conclusive proof would require a prospective study in which insulin resistance is measured directly and adequate account is taken of the classical cardiovascular risk factors...

..As these glycaemic and lipid parameters are major cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, we assessed their separate contribution to the reduced incidence of CV outcomes...

..We evaluated the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in treatment-naive patients with type 2 diabetes...

..Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is an insulin-resistant state and a risk factor for Type 2 diabetes. The relative roles of insulin resistance and insulin deficiency in IGT have been disputed...

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..Relatives of type 1 diabetic patients are at enhanced risk of developing diabetes. We investigated the mode of onset of hyperglycemia and how insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function contribute to the progression to the disease...

..In fact, glucose excursions following glucose ingestion (i.e. glucose tolerance) are best explained by dynamic parameters of beta cell function...

..However, longitudinal and intervention studies indicate that beta cell glucose insensitivity (stunning) closely tracks with hyperglycemia and is, at least in part, reversible. Rescuing stunned beta cells is a key therapeutic target...

..Lipid-triggered messages from the gastrointestinal tract to the insulin target tissues and endocrine pancreas are the subject of intense investigation...

..Hyperproinsulinaemia and relative hyperglucagonaemia are features of type 2 diabetes. We hypothesised that raised fasting glucagon and proinsulin concentrations may be associated with insulin resistance (IR) in non-diabetic individuals...

..In vitro, haemoglobin neutralizes nitric oxide very effectively. Whether red blood cells participate in the regulation of endothelial function in vivo has not been established...

..With continued weight loss over a 2-year period, moderately obese subjects become supersensitive to insulin and, correspondingly, insulin hyposecretors...

..The objective of this study was to assess whether low-grade systemic inflammation might contribute to the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (sHT) and autoimmune thyroiditis...

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..05). We conclude that in patients with established type 2 diabetes, VF accumulation has a significant negative impact on glycemic control through a decrease in peripheral insulin sensitivity and an enhancement of gluconeogenesis...

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..We examined the relationship between visceral/hepatic fat accumulation and hepatic IR/accelerated gluconeogenesis (GNG)...

..In T2DM patients, TZD treatment leads to improved beta-cell function, which correlates strongly with improved glycemic control...

..Longitudinal assessment of sCXCL10 in autoimmune hypo- or hyperthyroidism has not yet been performed...

..Forty healthy subjects and 40 patients with autoimmune thyroiditis served as control groups...

..Several studies have reported the association of systemic sclerosis (SSc) with thyroid autoimmune disorders, but most of them have neither an appropriate control group nor include a complete thyroid work-up...

..To quantitate the separate impact of obesity and hyperglycemia on the incretin effect (i.e., the gain in beta-cell function after oral glucose versus intravenous glucose)...

..However, the pattern of modulation by IFN-γ, TNF-α or thiazolidinediones is extremely variable, suggesting that the intracellular pathways involved in the chemokine modulation in ATC have different types of deregulation...

..Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) activation plays an inhibitory role in this process...

..Previous studies have found that high insulin sensitivity predicts weight gain; this association has not been confirmed. Our aim was to systematically analyze metabolic predictors of spontaneous weight changes...

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..In type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance is associated with vascular dysfunction/damage, impaired fibrinolysis, and low-grade inflammation independently of obesity and poor glycemic control...

..Thiazolidinediones have been shown to improve glycemic control and increase peripheral insulin sensitivity. Whether chronic thiazolidinedione treatment is associated with a decrease in GNG has not been determined...

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..20 (58) pmol/l, P = 0.05]. We conclude that, in well-controlled T2DM patients, whole body lipolysis is insulin resistant, and pioglitazone improves the insulin sensitivity of lipolysis...

..We aimed to measure CXCL9, IFN-γ and TNF-α in a series of MC+HCV to correlate these parameters to different clinical phenotypes...

..PPARα activators inhibit the secretion of the main prototype α (CXCL10) and β (CCL2) chemokines in GO fibroblasts or preadipocytes, suggesting that PPARα may be involved in the modulation of the immune response in GO...

..This study first shows that PPARα activators inhibit CXCL9 and CXCL11 chemokines in normal and GO fibroblasts and preadipocytes, suggesting that PPARα may be involved in the modulation of the immune response in GO...

..7 +/- 2.6 between 180 and 360 min (P < 0.03). Glucose potentiation and stronger suppression of endogenous glucose release are the main mechanisms underlying the Staub-Traugott effect...

..Initial fat mass, but not residual intestinal length, is the strongest predictor of weight loss after BPD...

..Moreover, the differential impact of IR viz. insulin response has not been evaluated...

..To evaluate the association of gallium-67 ((67)Ga)-citrate thyroid uptake with the presence of thyroid disorders in patients with sarcoidosis (S patients)...

..Such visceral adiposity is quantitatively related to both height of blood pressure and severity of insulin resistance, but has no impact on the dynamics of beta-cell function...

..02). We conclude that obesity per se, and visceral fat accumulation in particular, as well as poorly controlled diabetes are potent stimuli to augment gluconeogenic flux...

..0001). In conclusion, our study is the first to demonstrate high serum levels of CXCL10 in MC and that CXCL10 in MC+AT patients are significantly higher compared to MC patients...

..No study has evaluated the antiproliferative effects of thiazolidinediones and antiblastics in 'primary cultured human anaplastic thyroid cancer cells'...

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..To measure serum levels of CXCL10 and CCL2 prototype chemokines of the two major subclass (CXC and CC) in patients with newly diagnosed chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (AT), and relate the findings to the clinical phenotype...

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..A strong relation between circulating CXCL9 and CXCL10 has been first shown, underlining the importance of a T helper 1 immune attack in the initiation of AT...

..We tested the effect of therapeutic doses of rosiglitazone on proliferative and inflammatory pathways in fibroblasts (HF) from five controls (C) and five T2D patients, and in aortic smooth muscle cells (hSMC)...

..The aim of this study was to test whether vascular reactivity is modified by improving metabolic control and peripheral insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes...

..Serum CXCL10 (alpha chemokine) levels in psoriatic arthritis patients are significantly higher in presence of AT...

..CONCLUSIONS: The response to exercise is altered both in terms of tolerance and pattern of substrate utilization in sHT patients. Restoring stable euthyroidism does not correct this defect over a 1-yr period...

..Future studies in larger series will be needed to evaluate the potential usefulness of serum CXCL10 and CCL2 determination as a prognostic marker in the follow-up of MC patients, also in relation to the presence of AT...

..We evaluated contemporarily serum alpha and beta chemokines in patients with newly diagnosed systemic sclerosis (SSc) in the presence or absence of autoimmune thyroiditis (AT)...

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..We conclude that the primary physiological target of the propensity to diabetes of Mexican-Americans is insulin resistance of glucose uptake...

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..However, until now, no data were present in the literature about the effect of PPARα activation on CXCL9 and CXCL11 chemokines in general or on secretion of these chemokines in thyroid cells...

..Recently, CXCL9 and CXCL11 have been shown to be involved in autoimmune thyroid disorders; however, no data are present about CXCL9 and CXCL11 circulating levels in thyroid autoimmunity...

..Future studies will be needed to verify if new targeted peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ activators may be able to exert the anti-inflammatory effects without the risk of expanding retrobulbar fat mass...

..This report examines what is known about the relationship between obesity and type 2 diabetes and how future research in these areas might be directed to benefit prevention, interventions, and overall patient care...

..Therefore, thyroid function tests, an AbTPO assay, and thyroid ultrasound should be performed as part of the clinical evaluation, particularly in women with PsA...

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..Patients with sHT are characterized by endothelial dysfunction resulting from a reduction in NO availability, an alteration partially independent of dyslipidemia and reversed by levothyroxine supplementation...

..Recent developments and future trends are mentioned. Criteria for choice and some reference data are given to aid the clinical investigator...

..hANP gene variants may exert a protective effect against the development and progression of kidney damage in diabetes...

..We conclude that first-phase insulin secretion is inhibited by short-term modest hyperglycemia, whereas the second-phase insulin secretion increases linearly with hyperglycemia...

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..The primary objective was to demonstrate non-inferiority of vildagliptin vs. glimepiride in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) reduction at week 52...

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..0001) inverse relation to age. We conclude that, in nondiabetic Caucasian subjects of either sex, senescence per se is associated with a progressive decline in both insulin clearance and basal insulin release...

..Reversal of these changes by weight loss suggests a causal role for insulin...

..Its role as an adjunctive therapy in the management of myocardial infarction in non-diabetic individuals has been tested in several clinical trials; however, the evidence emerging from them is inconclusive...

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..Here we review the evidence accumulated to date from animal studies, clinical mechanistic studies and clinical trials regarding the effect of RAAS inhibition and incident DM...

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..Insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and ectopic fat accumulation are associated with reduced regional systolic function...

..Adiponectin inhibits protein synthesis in cardiac myocytes, thereby opposing the effect of cardiac workload and trophic factors (in particular, insulin) on left ventricular (LV) mass and wall thickness (WT)...

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..RAGE has a circulating secretory receptor form, soluble RAGE (sRAGE), which, by neutralizing the action of advanced glycation end products, might exert a protective role against the development of cardiovascular disease...

..To test whether the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is related to the extension of coronary atherosclerosis (ATS) and predicts cardiac mortality...

..We combined (11)C-palmitate imaging by positron emission tomography (PET) with compartmental modeling to determine rates of hepatic FA uptake, oxidation, and storage, as well as triglyceride release in pigs and human beings...

..In IGT, beta-cell function is inherently impaired, whereas the incretin effect is only partially affected...

..As GGT signals oxidative stress, the association with diabetes may reflect both hepatic steatosis and enhanced oxidative stress...

..In conclusion, our data provide non-invasive quantification of hepatic FFA uptake in humans, showing the liver to handle a high FFA flux. [(18)F]FTHA-PET appears a valuable tool for the investigation of hepatic FFA turnover in humans...