Fulvio Mattivi

..Flavanols (catechin and proanthocyanidins) are the major class of apple polyphenols (71-90%), followed by hydroxycinnamates (4-18%), flavonols (1-11%), dihydrochalcones (2-6%), and in red apples anthocyanins (1-3%)...

..The very high biodiversity of the red grape cultivars in terms of flavonoids indicate a largely under-exploited opportunity to produce a range of diverse premium wines with optimized levels of natural antioxidants...

..Additionally, the method provides the rationale for estimating the mean degree of polymerization of Rubus ellagitannins...

..The pattern of expression of flavonols and anthocyanins in red grapes was compared, in order to gain information on the substrate specificity of enzymes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis...

..This supports the theory, already proposed in the literature, that there are other synthetic pathways for free thiol formation...

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..The isolation of a dimer deriving from the condensation of (+)-catechin with trans-caffeic acid also indicated that other preformed phenolics are structurally modified in tissues infected with P. viticola...

..viticola of the Merzling × Teroldego cross by profiling the stilbenoid content of the leaves of an entire population and the transcriptome of resistant and susceptible individuals following infection...

..The results presented in this work provide key knowledge for manipulation of the peppery character of wine in order to optimize the intensity of this characteristic wine aroma...

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..The information gained would appear to be crucial for study of this important pathway and for potentially extending this knowledge to other plants, in particular the grapevine...

..The validated method was applied to the analysis of apples, berries, green tea, and red wine, providing a valuable tool for food quality evaluation and breeding studies...

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..This experiment highlights the feasibility of using unbiased, untargeted metabolomic fingerprinting to improve our understanding of wine chemistry...

..This and other specific properties of the D-optimal design, such as the possibility to explicitly exclude certain experimental conditions, make it an extremely suitable strategy for method optimisation in untargeted metabolomics...

..To our knowledge, this is the first paper that has combined detailed metabolite profiling with accurate quantification of the main ellagitannins in Rubus using their respective standards...

..Classification of grapes according to their skin colour was carried out using principle component analysis based on the concentration variation of a number of the metabolites studied...

..Among these, modified beta-cyclodextrins seem to act as true elicitors inducing strong production of the stilbene resveratrol...

..The strategy is very general and can be applied with all common biomarker identification methods; it also has the advantage that it does not rely on error estimates from crossvalidation, that in this setting tend to be highly variable...

..Moreover, the anthocyanic pattern recognition, genetically controlled by the plant variety, was shown to be inherited by the pigments formed during wine aging...

..Our study represents a broad approach to the study of plant-insect interactions by considering not only the direct effect of the plant but also the effect of plant-microorganism interactions on insect population dynamics...

..Contents of nicotinamide were in contrast similar. Nicotinic acid can therefore be considered a relevant factor in the pathogen establishment in pear blossoms, whereas nicotinamide could cover a primary role in apple blossoms...

..The developed HS-SPME sampling method is fully automated and proved useful in obtaining the fingerprint of the volatile content of the fruit. The described analytical protocol can aid in further studies of the apple metabolome...

..These results indicate that polyphenols-induced vasorelaxation may also be sustained by smooth muscle PDE inhibition by anthocyanins present in red wines and grapes...

..4 +/- 50.5 ng/mL, mean +/- SEM) but also in the brain (192.2 +/- 57.5 ng/g). These results demonstrate for the first time that grape pigments can reach the mammalian brain within minutes from their introduction into the stomach...

..Malvidin 3-glucoside appeared in both portal and systemic plasma after only 6 min. The average concentrations measured in portal and systemic plasma were 0.650+/-0.162 microM and 0.234+/-0.083 microM (mean+/-S.E.M.), respectively...

..Despite the presence of piceid, in our experimental conditions no increased resistance against the pathogen Melampsora pulcherrima, which causes rust disease, was observed when in vitro bioassays were performed...

..These findings suggest that bilitranslocase could play a role in the bioavailability of anthocyanins...

..The high unpaired spin density of the phenolic O atoms in the radicals generated by these anthocyanins, calculated by the semiempirical quantum chemical AM1 method, may explain the observed behavior...

..The strict correlation between SFR and antioxidant activity that we found suggests that these characteristics are related to the functional properties of food...

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..The higher efficiency of apples appears to be strictly related to the overwhelming presence of oligomeric proanthocyanidins...

..Only trans-fertaric acid was found in the urine (33.3 +/- 12.8 microg/mL). In some rats, trans-caftaric acid was detected in the brain (180 +/- 20 ng/g)...