F Benazzi

..The study aim was to find which symptoms of depression could be possible cross-sectional markers of BP-II, in order to reduce underdiagnosing BP-II...

..No bi-modality, and a dose-response relationship, would not support a categorical distinction...

..While DSM-IV always requires mood change for the diagnosis of hypomania, the present findings may suggest that overactivity could have the same priority, as suggested by Angst et al. (2003) and by Akiskal et al. (1977, 2001, 2003)...

..The aim of the study was to find out if overactivity was at least as important as mood change for the diagnosis of hypomania...

..DSM-IV definition of hypomania of bipolar-II disorder (BP-II), which includes elevated/irritable mood change as core feature (i.e., it must always be present), is not based on sound evidence...

..Recent studies questioned the current categorical split of mood disorders into bipolar disorders (BP) and depressive disorders (MDD)...

..Controlled studies are needed to investigate treatment of mixed depression; antidepressants can worsen manic and hypomanic symptoms, and mood stabilising agents might be necessary...

..A veritable tower of Babel indeed. In the present analyses, our aim was to extend previous research on irritable-hostile depression to more specific parameters of bipolarity and depressive mixed state (DMX)...

..e. combination of syndromal hypomania and depression) compared to Bipolar I Disorder Mixed State (i.e. combination of syndromal mania and depression)...

..The bi-modality and dose-response approaches, versus classic diagnostic validators, seem to support a dimensional relationship between BP-II and MDD...

..In bipolar-II (BP-II) disorder impulsivity (defined as excessive risky activities by DSM-IV-TR) is one of the symptoms of hypomania. It is unclear if impulsivity is also a trait in BP-II...

..Angst has suggested new criteria for hypomania, giving priority to overactivity. Study aim was to test the validity of Angst's diagnostic criteria for hypomania...

..As PPV is related to disease prevalence, findings need to be replicated in different settings...

..Lamotrigine has shown some efficacy in delaying depression recurrences, but there have also been several negative unpublished studies of the drug in this indication...

..e. it has concurrent hypomanic symptoms). The study aim was to find major depressive episode (MDE) and intra-MDE hypomanic symptoms associated with suicidal ideation...

..Study aim was to test the predictive power for the diagnosis of BP-II of several dimensional definitions of mixed depression, searching for a clinical marker which could reduce the current underdiagnosis of BP-II...

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..Beyond its diagnostic significance, the foregoing signs and symptoms are among the clinical features the FDA lists as presaging "suicidality" on antidepressant monotherapy...

..The study aim was to find the impact of temperamental mood lability (TML) on DMX...

..These data may be important for the genetics of mixed depression. The study aim was to investigate the BPFH of the hypomanic symptoms of mixed depression...

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..The aim of this review is to highlight recent studies that have questioned the current split of mood disorders into the categories of bipolar and depressive disorders...

..To test diagnostic validity or utility of agitated depression (AD) in bipolar II disorder (BP-II)...

..According to Kraepelin, temperamental instability was the "foundation" of his unitary view of mood disorders...

..A bi-modal distribution would support a categorical distinction, and no bi-modality would support continuity...

..e., that BPD is a bipolar spectrum disorder or instead that it is unrelated to bipolar disorders. Study aim was to find which items of BPD were related to BP-II, and which instead had no relationship with BP-II...

..Gender differences in bipolar-II disorder (BP-II) are understudied...

..Pharmacological studies are required to support any new definition of AD, as the current concept of AD is based on different response to TCA antidepressants versus non-AD...

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..The study aim was to test a dimensional approach to mood disorders by looking for a progressive grading of age at onset and bipolar family history loading between bipolar II disorder (BP-II) and major depressive disorder (MDD)...

..However, it is still unclear if its definition should be based on specific manic symptoms or on a number/score of manic symptoms. Different definitions may have different diagnostic utility, such as treatment impacts...

..A reshaping of the classification of mood disorders thus seems required. Age-at-onset and recurrence have been suggested to be more clinically and genetically useful in the phenotyping of mood disorders...

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..The relationship between DSM-IV-TR borderline personality disorder (BPD) and bipolar disorders, especially bipolar II disorder (BP-II), is still unclear. Many recent reviews on this topic have come to opposite or different conclusions...

..Our interview follows DSM-IV criteria (apart from the minimum duration, 2 days versus DSM-IV 4 days), i.e. mood change must always been present, but our probing detects more hypomanic episodes than the SCID...

..The DSM-IV definition of hypomania, which relies on clinical consensus and historical tradition, includes several "nonspecific" symptoms. The aim of this study was to identify the core symptoms of DSM-IV hypomania...

..However, its diagnostic validity and bipolar nature are still not firmly supported. A bipolar nature could have significant treatment impacts...

..Testing the impact of age on CT items, as has been done in many mood disorders, could further define its features. The aim of the study was to test the relationship between age and CT items...

..History of high depressive recurrence (without history of mania/hypomania) has been proposed as a mood subtype close to bipolar disorders. Herein we test whether this is the best approach to this question...

..To review the diagnostic validity and utility of mixed depression, i.e. co-occurrence of depression and manic/hypomanic symptoms...

..Missing the diagnosis of past hypomania, and thus of bipolar II disorder, is common. Study aim was to find a 'prediction rule' for facilitating the diagnosis of past hypomania...

..e. DSM-IV and ICD-10), in its failure to recognize the bipolar nature of depressive mixed states, thereby fails to shield pseudo-unipolar patients from antidepressant monotherapy, which is inappropriate for such patients...

..The prevalence of melancholic features in bipolar II depression in private practice was higher than previously reported in academic centers...

..A major feature of the study was the inclusion of a large number of bipolar II patients, usually not included in previous studies...

..Age at onset was significantly lower in bipolar II females than in unipolar females. This difference was not related to the higher prevalence of atypical features in bipolar II females...

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..Findings suggest that there are important clinical differences between atypical and non-atypical depression in private practice outpatients...

..Age difference may be a confounding factor. Study aims were to describe the clinical and family history features of bipolar II versus unipolar depression, and to control for the possible confounding effect of age on clinical features...

..The aim of the study was to assess whether major depressive disorder (MDD) with anger could be included in the bipolar spectrum, by comparing it to MDD without anger and to bipolar II disorder...

..Accordingly, the aim of the present analyses was to test if a practical measure of mood lability was unique to BPII, in comparison with major depressive disorder (MDD)...

..The aim of the study was to find the prevalence of interpersonal rejection sensitivity (IRS) (a personality trait in DSM-IV) in bipolar II and unipolar depression...

..Accordingly, we undertook a full scale validation of such a link in a large clinical sample of BP-II and unipolar (UP) major depressive disorder (MDD)...

..DMS2 was more likely in bipolar II with a younger age at onset. Different bipolar II ages at onset did not have an effect on DMS2 clinical correlates...

..To determine if atypical depression is less common among outpatients with severe depression than among those with nonsevere depression...

..0% of bipolar II subjects. These findings have important treatment implications, as antidepressants may worsen the symptoms of depressive mixed states, and mood stabilizers can be useful...

..To compare the clinical features and the outcome between patients with early- and late-onset bipolar II disorder...

..In this report we examine the relevance of the "FDA list" for adults...

..We used the ongoing Ravenna-San Diego Collaboration database to examine this question with respect to major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar II (BP-II)...

..Further studies on this topic are needed...

..The aim was to determine whether having a family history of bipolar disorder (BPD) or unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with an increased likelihood of having migraine headaches...

..Chronic depression subtypes had significantly longer duration of illness, less comorbidity, and more recurrences than nonchronic depression. These findings do not support the DSM-IV subtyping of chronic depression...

..The relationship between bipolar and unipolar psychotic depression has not been well studied. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare bipolar with unipolar psychotic outpatient depression...

..Findings were related to psychosis or to age, and not to specific features of psychotic late-life depression. These results support a unitary view of psychotic depression...

..Comparisons among atypical and non-atypical bipolar II and unipolar patients showed that only MADRS items of 'reduced sleep' and 'reduced appetite' were significantly different between atypical and non-atypical patients...

..Different factor structure (between bipolar II and unipolar depression) supports previous findings that response to antidepressants and biology may be different in bipolar II and unipolar depression...

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..Study aim was to find if the best clinically useful definition of DMX was one based on a minimum number of hypomanic symptoms, or instead one based on the combination of specific hypomanic symptoms...

..Analogous to the DSM-IV approach in the diagnosis of manic mixed state, in this exploratory study we operationalized DH as coexisting full syndromal hypomanic and major depressive states...

..It is still unclear how to best define DMX. The study's aim was to test a categorical versus a dimensional definition of DMX...

..These results support a link of atypical and early-onset "unipolar" depression with bipolar II disorder, and support Pages and Dunner's suggestion to combine bipolar II and recurrent unipolar into a single group...

..A correlation between intradepressive hypomanic symptoms and depressive symptoms could support such a continuum, but other explanations of a correlation are possible...

..It is not classified in DSM-IV and ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorder (ICD-10). Some data support its subtyping. This study aims to test the subtyping of AD...

..The presence of DSM-IV atypical features predicted bipolar II diagnosis with 63% probability...

..The study aims were to assess the prevalence and clinical correlates of persistent residual depressive symptoms in bipolar II disorder...

..3. Private practice outpatient female depression (chronic, psychotic, or recurrent) was not more severe than male depression...

..Pages and Dunner (1997) view that recurrent unipolar and bipolar II could be part of a single mood disorder, and Goodwin and Jamison (1990) view that recurrence is the key feature of mood disorders are partly supported by the findings...

..Our aims were to find the sensitivity and specificity of DMX for the diagnosis of bipolar II disorder, and validate it against familial bipolarity...

..Depression with racing thoughts was very common in depressed outpatients, and was associated with suicidal ideation. Possible differential effects of antidepressants vs. mood stabilizers and antipsychotics are discussed...

..Our objective was to further refine the strict SCID-CV guidelines for hypomania in depressed outpatients...

..Recent transatlantic concern about suicidality in patients receiving antidepressants prompted us to examine the psychopathologic correlates of suicidal ideation occurring in clinically depressed patients...

..Study aim was to find if DMX in bipolar II disorder was often a transition period between depression and hypomania, as suggested by Kraepelin...

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..The study aim was to test different definitions of mixed depression, defined as a depression with concurrent hypomanic symptoms...

..A cross-sectional marker like DMX3 may increase the probability of making the correct diagnosis of bipolar II, and therefore may be a useful definition of DMX...

..As different ages at onset may identify distinct subtypes of depression, this finding might suggest that atypical bipolar II depression may be distinct from both atypical unipolar depression and nonatypical bipolar II depression...

..Both unipolar and bipolar switchers had instead early age at onset and frequent atypical features, suggesting that these factors might increase the risk of switching in unipolar depression...

..The low reliability of bipolar II diagnosis based on history of hypomania may be improved by two cross-sectional clinical markers...

..Findings have important clinical and treatment implications because antidepressants may worsen DMX, and the presence of DMX may induce clinicians to assess systematically and carefully the history of past hypomania...

..Results support the subtyping of bipolar II chronic depression in EO and LO on the basis of different clinical features...

..Results support subtyping of Bipolar II in a small good-outcome group, and a large moderate-poor-outcome group...

..To find differences between early- and late-onset atypical depression (AD)...

..The aims of this study were to find the prevalence and clinical features of DMS in atypical depression...

..Aim of the study was to compare female depression with onset before menopause with female depression with onset after menopause, to find out if endocrinological changes had an impact on depression...

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..Using prospective data from a community sample, this paper identifies criteria (and correlates) for an AD syndrome that maximizes the association with female sex and bipolar-II...

..Dissociative symptoms are often seen in patients with mood disorders, but there is little information on possible association with subgroups and temperamental features of these disorders...