Peter Boyle

..The information presented here will contribute to providing a basis for the collaborative Cancer Research programme initiated recently...

..A programme of activities and research, focussing on three major themes [prevention (particularly tobacco control), screening, and education and training], was developed together with the European Code Against Cancer...

..To evaluate the epidemiology of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) among men and women, as there are significant unanswered questions about the prevalence and impact of LUTS in different populations...

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..Testicular cancer control would be the finest illustration of this process and, simultaneously, would be a model for implementation as new, successful therapeutic modalities for other cancers are developed...

..Although more work is needed, it is becoming clear that there could be an important role of HPV testing to further enhance cervix cancer screening...

..Here we present an extended follow-up of the Italian trial...

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..Atherosclerosis may induce VTE, or the 2 conditions may share common risk factors. We assessed the effect of tamoxifen on VTE in a breast cancer prevention trial and studied its association with risk factors for VTE...

..Sensitivity analyses investigated reliability of results and publication bias. Latitude and adjustment for phenotype were two study characteristics that significantly influenced the estimates...

..In five of the seven total studies, subject selection was influenced by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. We examined the association and possible effect of subject selection in a larger study and a meta-analysis...

..We investigated the efficacy of repeated yearly spiral CT and selective use of positron emission tomography (PET) in a large cohort of high-risk volunteers...

..The number of clinically detected cases, including cases with advanced disease, is less subject to uncertainty, with reasonable estimates ranging from 45,000 to 60,000...

..Such a strategy would greatly reduce the numbers of women who would need to take tamoxifen to obtain the same absolute reduction in breast cancer. These findings are exploratory and need to be confirmed in other randomized trials...

..The analysis of heterogeneity showed that study type, gender and adjustment for confounding factors significantly influence the RRs estimates and the reliability of the studies...

..To investigate risk factors that may be linked to pancreatic cancer...

..A meta-analysis of epidemiological studies of mouthwash and oral cancer and, specifically, mouthwash containing >25% alcohol, was undertaken...

..To investigate the short- and long-term effectiveness of transurethral needle ablation (TUNA) of the prostate for clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), using a meta-analysis of all clinical studies involving TUNA...

..Assessment of potential molecular targets is now important in primary diagnosis. Tyrosine-kinase inhibitors and other drugs with anti-angiogenesis properties are currently undergoing preclinical investigations...

..Achieving colorectal cancer control is the immediate challenge...

..Case-control studies, in particular when the hospital was the source for cases or controls, appeared to present much lower and more precise estimates than cohort studies...

..These results did not change considering the child's age at diagnosis, the histologic type of tumor or center...

..2, 95% CI = 2.0 to 13.3). Our results support the hypothesis that a genetic variant that could alter mRNA transcripts of BCL6 may contribute to the etiology of NHL and suggest that this variant warrants further investigation...

..The declines seen in mortality represent a considerable success, but there is no room for complacency until research can impact positively on reducing incidence...

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..06, 0.2, and 0.1, respectively). High levels of testosterone and adrenal androgens are thus associated with reduced risk of aggressive prostate cancer but not with nonaggressive disease...

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..49 (95% confidence interval, 1.11-2.00). The HRs did not differ by tumor aggressiveness or age at onset (all Ps > or = 0.4). In our study, high levels of IGFBP-3 but not IGF-I were associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer...

..The genotypes and haplotypes studied might be associated with the PSA gene function or be in linkage disequilibrium with other unmeasured and functional variants in the PSA or other genes...

..These findings raise important questions with respect to previous assumptions concerning hormonal influences on prostate cancer risk in ageing males...

..To investigate the effect of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) on quality of life (QoL) and to determine its extent across a variety of cultures, and the confounding effects of self-reported comorbidities and demographics...

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..We sought to determine if there is a gene-environment interaction between GSTM I (GSTM1A and GSTM1B), and GSTT1 genotypes and cigarette smoking in the risk of breast cancer...

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..We have considered trends in mortality from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) over the last decades in Europe and, for comparative purposes, the USA and Japan...

..91 (1.59-5.32) for vertex baldness; and 1.95 (1.10-3.45) for frontal and vertex baldness. This association between the pattern of AA and prostate cancer points to shared androgen pathways that are worthy of additional investigation...

..The reduction in risk of NHL associated with increased duration of wine consumption warrants further investigation in other populations...

..This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between LUTS and sexual problems in aging men...

..CONCLUSIONS: Based on these findings, diets rich in olive oil (a source of oleic acid), tomatoes and allium vegetables might reduce the risk of prostate cancer...

..The signs and symptoms of cancer often resemble less serious conditions and prompt referral to an appropriate specialist usually allows for the best management...

..Trends in 24 European countries, the European Union (EU), six selected Central and Eastern European countries, and the Russian Federation have been updated to 1999...

..In summary, the CYP1A1 m2 genetic polymorphism was associated with increased risk of female breast cancer and may modify the relation between PCB exposure and breast cancer risk...

..It is our opinion that most of this decline is likely a result of aggressive downstaging and successful treatment and that any contribution from detecting and treating early cancers will become apparent in the years to come...

..In summary, the authors' findings do not support the hypothesis that allogeneic blood transfusion increases the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma...

..To use a large population-based case-control study to test the association between the common genetic variant rs743572 (-34 T to C), prostate cancer risk and circulating levels of several hormones...

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..Therefore, recommending general population screening with biennial FOBT is still an open question...

..These findings support a reduced risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma associated with multiple pregnancies and an increased risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma associated with later age at menarche...

..0051). The risk appears to vary by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma subtypes. Further investigations of the role of ultraviolet radiation on the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are warranted...

..013), but was also associated with non-significant increased risks for each of the common B-cell histologies. These results suggest that SNPs in genes related to the oxidative stress pathway may be associated with increased risk of NHL...

..Confirmation of this hypothesis will add to our understanding of the role of the circadian clock in prostate tumorigenesis and further facilitate the development of novel risk and prognostic biomarkers for prostate cancer...

..Further studies are warranted to show whether the observed association reflects the change in hair dye formula contents during the past two decades or indicates that recent users are still in their induction and latent periods...

..CONCLUSIONS: Up to 46% of the married female population had some degree of UI, and severe UI significantly compromised their quality of life...