P Boyle

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..To report the results of the prevalence and health status associated with male urinary incontinence (UI) in a population-based, multicentre study in four countries, and to assess the epidemiology of this condition...

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..To assess the hypothesis that as lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) increase in severity, the impact as measured by the BPH impact index (BII) would also increase...

..The aim of this study was to examine the risk of cancer in a large cohort of patients treated by dialysis but not transplantation...

..To evaluate the epidemiology of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) among men and women, as there are significant unanswered questions about the prevalence and impact of LUTS in different populations...

..This supports the hypothesis that supraglottis cancer is more strongly linked to a synergistic effect of smoking and alcohol than glottis cancer...

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..Various restrictions on the parameters of the general model yield the specific models. The models are applicable in case control studies and are illustrated using data from a case control study of breast cancer in Italy...

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..Thus, the Gail model can be improved for use in other populations by using estimates of incidence and risk which are more appropriate to the target population...

..The three trend patterns we observed are in agreement with time differences between populations with respect to the promotion of sun protection and the surveillance of pigmented skin lesions...

..This analysis confirms the association between intake of vegetables and, to a lesser extent, fruits and breast cancer risk from published sources. Increasing vegetable consumption might reduce the risk of breast cancer...

..A programme of activities and research, focussing on three major themes [prevention (particularly tobacco control), screening, and education and training], was developed together with the European Code Against Cancer...

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..A post-menopausal woman has a reduced breast cancer risk compared with a pre-menopausal woman of the same age, adjusting for the same number of deliveries and ages at these deliveries...

..The associations that we found with alcohol consumption and with lean body mass at age 21 years would be worthy of further research if they were able to be replicated in other studies...

..Whereas a trial of tamoxifen in women already on transdermal HRT is warranted, prescription of HRT during tamoxifen may attenuate its activity...

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..This decline has been the result of cohort effects indicating that the risk of lip cancer is decreasing among successively younger people...

..Most importantly, the effect of terazosin on symptoms and peak urinary flow rate was independent of the baseline prostate size for the range of prostate volumes reported...

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..There have been no changes in the mortality rate trends with period in Scotland, although the changes in the incidence rate trends with period are consistent with an increase in registration coverage...

..The information presented here will contribute to providing a basis for the collaborative Cancer Research programme initiated recently...

..Although more work is needed, it is becoming clear that there could be an important role of HPV testing to further enhance cervix cancer screening...

..This analysis examines the relative effectiveness of current medical therapies for BPH in preventing AUR, AUR-related catheterisation and surgery in real-life clinical practice...

..Since these adverse effects may be dose related, we investigated the effect of tamoxifen on several biomarkers when the drug was given at doses lower than those currently in use...

..This is in keeping with observations made in central and eastern Europe of an increase in the incidence of tobacco- and alcohol-related cancers...

..Thus we suggest that, besides chance and bias, the apparent discrepancies between various studies should be considered within the framework of the complex time- and age-effects of hormone-related risk factors on breast carcinogenesis...

..So far, no woman has died from breast cancer in this study. Decisions about introduction of tamoxifen to reduce risk of breast cancer remain important and open questions...

..Acrylamide has been associated to cancer risk in rodents, but data on humans are inconclusive. We thus carried out a critical review and meta-analysis of studies of exposure to acrylamide and cancer...

..The authors from the University of Stellenbosch review the plentiful literature relating to testicular torsion and functional recovery. They also review the mechanism of injury and the effect on the contralateral testis...

..This variation is both unacceptable and unnecessary, as TSNAs can be readily removed during the manufacturing process. Removing a known carcinogen needs no justification, even though proof of benefit may not be forthcoming for decades...

..As the aim at present is to strive to maximise the effectiveness of population-based programmes, this aspect should be foremost in all thought processes...

..2). INTERPRETATION: A single measurement of low serum thyrotropin in individuals aged 60 years or older is associated with increased mortality from all causes, and in particular mortality due to circulatory and cardiovascular diseases...

..It is our opinion that most of this decline is likely to be due to aggressive downstaging and successful treatment and that any contribution from detecting and treating early cancers will only become apparent in the years to come...

..These results support an inverse association between breastfeeding and breast cancer risk...

..To assess the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED), and its influence on both the quality of life, and health care seeking behaviour...

..Consequently, the application of available knowledge on cancer prevention, diagnosis and treatment may substantially reduce the disadvantage now registered in the cancer mortality of central and eastern European accession countries...

..Those data that are available generally refer to the mid-1990s and are of limited use for cancer control planning. We present estimates of the cancer burden in Europe in 2004, including data for the (25 Member States) European Union...

..These data suggest that the use of hair colouring products does not have a major impact on the risk of breast cancer...

..Monitoring the evolution of the cancer burden in Europe is of great value. Estimates of the cancer burden in Europe have been published for 2004 and estimates are now being presented for cancer incidence and mortality in Europe for 2006...

..To investigate the effect of distance between home and acute hospital on mortality outcome of patients experiencing an incident myocardial infarction (MI)...

..To estimate the prevalence of low urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and urinary incontinence among men and women aged 40 to 79 years...

..Early findings on the use of tamoxifen or raloxifene as prophylaxis against breast cancer have been mixed; we update available data and overview the combined results...

..Lung cancer rates in European women have also tended to stabilise below the age of 75 years. Thus, effective interventions on tobacco control could, in principle, avoid a major lung cancer epidemic in European women...

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..Cochlear mapping provided repeatable data that gave interesting insights into the implanted cochlea. Further work is required to determine whether this approach could contribute to programme optimisation...

..Eastern European countries, however, showed only an approximately 40% decline between the late 1960's and the early 1990's, and no further fall thereafter...

..In conclusion, alcohol consumption may increase breast cancer risk among those who carry susceptible GST genotypes...

..To assess whether prostate cancer might be related to hormone levels and, by inference, to differences in sexual activity...

..CONCLUSIONS: The positive associations of glycemic index and load with colorectal cancer suggest a detrimental role of refined carbohydrates in the etiology of the disease...

..Considering that teachers and librarians represent one of the largest single occupational groups among employed US women, further investigation of this association is warranted...