D Serraino

..A follow-up study was conducted in Italy and in France to compare the epidemiology of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected people and transplant recipients...

..In this contribution the main epidemiological aspects of cancer in the elderly are discussed, keeping in mind that the ageing process is associated with cancer but does not cause it. double dagger...

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..In comparison with the general population, the risks of death were 6.4-fold higher for DM (95% CI:3.5-10.8), 2.3-fold higher for myocardial infarction (95% CI:1.4-3.7) and 3.0 for chronic ischemic heart diseases (95% CI: 1.5-5.2)...

..We aimed at quantifying the burden of KS and NHL on mortality of PWA in the HAART period in Italy...

..To provide survival estimates of Italian people with AIDS (PWA) in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era and to identify prognostic factors at diagnosis and illnesses present at death...

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..8), and of borderline statistical significance in HIV-positive people (95% CI:0.9-2.8). Immune depression entails a two-fold increased overall risk of cancers, mainly related to cancers associated with a viral aetiology...

..To evaluate time trends of the spectrum of AIDS-defining diseases in Italy, 1982-1996...

..To evaluate temporal trends of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and of the KS-related human herpesvirus (HHV-8) among homosexual men who seroconverted for HIV between 1984 and 1997...

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..To evaluate the association of obesity and DM with HCC risk, we conducted a hospital-based, case-control study in two Italian areas...

..Improvements in the timely identification of HIV-positive individuals are also a priority in Italy to avoid the adverse consequences of delayed HAART use...

..Our present linkage of RAIDS and CRs represents an efficient tool for the surveillance of trends in incidence and survival of NHL among PWA in Italy...

..In Italy, some of the highest incidence rates (IRs) of thyroid cancer (TC) worldwide have been reported...

..The high prevalence of HHV8 infection in newborns, children and adolescents in Egypt, in eastern and in Central Africa strongly suggests the existence of transmission modes other than sexual...

..A case-control study was carried out in northern Italy to further investigate the role of various types of dietary fibers in the etiology of pancreatic cancer...

..Results were similar for PCP prophylaxis. Lack of awareness of HIV infection, HIV exposure category, and geographical area were the most important factors associated with treatment before AIDS diagnosis...

..0%) than HPV-negative women (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: TT virus excretion in the female genital tract of human immunodeficiency virus-infected women is common, further supporting sexual transmission of this virus...

..If not already performed, HIV antibody detection should be carried out in this setting...

..15 cases were expected). Our findings confirm previous suggestions showing an increased risk of ICC among HIV-infected women and have important implications at the individual and public health levels...

..In Africa, the AIDS epidemic led to KS becoming the most common cancer type in men in several areas. The RR of AIDS-associated tumours were lower in Africa than those reported in western countries...

..To evaluate the impact of response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the natural history of AIDS non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and to analyse the feasibility, efficacy and toxicity of HAART in combination with chemotherapy...

..The study findings confirm the crucial role of intravenous drug use in the occurrence of RBP and suggest that highly active antiretroviral therapies mi.ht have had a postponing impact on the relative frequency of RBP as ADI...

..An association with invasive carcinoma of the cervix is also shown at a population level. The excess of non-melanomatous skin cancer seems to be lower than in transplant recipients...

..A prospective trial with a new combination of etoposide, mitoxantrone, and prednimustine (VMP), specifically devised for elderly patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), was undertaken...

..In this paper, the epidemiological evidence concerning some of the major aspects of the association between viruses and cancer are summarised...

..The association of transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder (TCB) with Schistosoma haematobium suggested a possible role of infections in the aetiology of TCB...

..This area of central Italy was formerly endemic for malaria and it is now covered by a population-based cancer registry...

..Kaposi's sarcoma risk was higher in persons born in southern than in northern Italy. Significant increases were also observed for cancers of the lip, liver, kidney and for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma...

..In conclusion, we found that tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking are two independent risk factors for pancreatic cancer which may be responsible for approximately one third of these cancers in our population...

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..80--28.24). It remains to be determined whether the continued increase in ICC incidence after the introduction of HAART is attributable to a decreasing competitive mortality from other AIDS-defining diseases among HIV-infected women...

..Dietary habits have been related to the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but information on a wide range of macro- and micronutrients is still lacking, particularly for low-incidence countries...

..Moreover, they indicate a stable trend of HIV prevalence among low-risk persons in the last decade. Further studies on time trends in low-risk populations would be useful to evaluate current HIV prevention programs...

..This exhaustive methodological approach to identifying infectious causes of deaths allows us to better define the burden of infections on mortality and register downward trends similar to those found in other industrialized countries...

..However, our findings have important public health implications, especially in Mediterranean countries where HCV and HHV-8 infections are endemic...

..In conclusion, this study confirms the importance of multiparity, years of menstruation, and oral contraceptive use in endometrial cancer etiology, thus contributing to identify women at elevated risk of such neoplasm...

..5 in individuals born in the same area, but 1.6 in individuals born in Southern Italy or in the Islands (rate ratio = 3.2) suggesting that KS-associated herpesvirus, the cause of KS, is acquired early in life...

..Specifically, 8% of patients had continence limitations and 13% had limitations in taking the prescribed drugs. By multivariate analysis, a poor PS turned out to be a strong independent determinant of both ADL and IADL disabilities...

..Albeit underestimated, AIDS KS rates in the general male population at ages 25-49 are higher than those of the majority of cancer sites in the same age group...

..The risk of death was 6.6-fold higher than in the general population, being particularly elevated for virus-related cancers. The study findings highlighted the importance of monitoring the cancer burden on mortality for people with AIDS...

..Our findings strongly encourage physicians to advice NHL patients to stop smoking and diminish alcohol consumption to obtain improvements in the course of NHL...

..Our findings give support to a role of hysterectomy in increasing RCC risk without corroborating, however, a major role of female hormone-related factors...

..To investigate associations between screening histories in relation to women's survival and tumor characteristics, with a focus on organized and opportunistic screenings...

..We also examined the sociodemographic, clinical, and organizational factors associated with adherence to cervical cancer screening...

..High BMI was the lifestyle risk factor that most consistently modified breast cancer prognosis in our study...

..Consequently, a case-control study was carried out to further investigate the role of dietary fiber intake in the etiology of endometrial cancer...

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..To investigate the association between dietary habits and pancreatic cancer...

..The epidemiologic evidence on dietary vitamins E and C and prostate cancer is controversial. Therefore, a case-control study was carried out to investigate the role of dietary intake of vitamins E and C in the etiology of prostate cancer...

..This scenario calls, however, for the intensification of cancer-prevention strategies, notably smoking cessation and screening programs, in middle-aged HIV-patients...

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..61; 95% CI: 0.78-3.30). In conclusion, a diet rich in linoleic acid containing foods (e.g. white meats and fish) and beta-carotene was inversely related to HCC risk...

..Incidence of PLC over the last two decades in Italy did not substantially change but huge geographical variability emerged, mainly due to different times and modalities of spread of hepatitis C virus...

..In this chapter, the use of this methodologic approach in southern Europe is illustrated and limitations are discussed...

..This study sought to estimate the incidence of infections and their main determinants in liver transplant recipients in the first year after transplantation...

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..We therefore investigated the role of professional and/or domestic exposures to animals in the occurrence of OAMZL, as compared with other types of lymphoma...

..These findings underscore the need for appropriate models for monitoring transplant recipients for KS, especially those at greater risk and, in particular, in the early postoperative period...

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..The HPV DNA load in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative women was significantly higher in squamous intra-epithelial lesions than in negative Pap smears...

..IDU and recipients of blood should be considered as target groups for vaccination against RBP...

..The excess of risk among people smoking 2 cigarettes/day highlights the absence of any harmless level for cigarette smoking, and it further supports the need of public health programs against tobacco smoking...

..It was higher where IDU predominated among female AIDS cases and where population-based ICC screening programs were less effective...

..HPV-31, the second most common HPV type, showed the highest diversity for both regions. On the whole, 26 out of 59 mutations were non-synonymous. The variability of these proteins may have implications in HPV vaccine strategies...

..Our results show that continuing injecting drug use and treatment breaks are the main factors that can lead to treatment failure in IDUs and easily to NNRTI class resistance...

..Sexual intercourse with HCV-positive individuals conveyed a 3-fold higher risk of HCV infection. This study quantified the spread of HCV and HBV in the population of southern Italy heavily affected by liver cancer...

..5% in 1993-1996 to 2.4% in 1997-1998, but IRs after AIDS could not be evaluated. On account of the marked decline of KS in men in 1997-1998, the overall burden of ADCs in Italy became similar in both genders...

..Although all forms of KS are associated with the KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), classical KS occurs in a small fraction of KSHV-infected people. We sought to identify risk factors for classical KS in KSHV-infected individuals...

..Our study indicates that there is no appreciable association between ever use of any type of hair dyes and the risk of HD, NHL, MM or STS...

..42) reduced the odds of delayed presentation. Interventions aimed at promoting timely access to care of HIV-infected persons should consider differentiated programs for delayed presentation and late testing...

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..Among KSHV-seropositive Italians, CKS risk was associated with diplotypes of IL8RB and IL13, supporting laboratory evidence of immune-mediated pathogenesis...

..Host genes important for control of HHV-8 infection are not well characterized...

..Further study designs are needed to determine whether confounding lifestyle factors or immunomodulatory effects of alcohol explain this association...

..The presence of Human Herpesvirus-8 (HHV8) DNA is predictive of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) among patients with HIV-associated or iatrogenic immunosuppression. However, correlates of HHV8-DNA detection in the general population remain undefined...

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..Seventy-five percent of people dying in 2003 had at least one hospital admission in the 12 previous months, while 42.1 percent of deaths occurred in hospital (more than half of them in Internal Medicine or Intensive Care Units)...

..To describe the global impact of infectious diseases on mortality in Italy from 1969 to 1999...

..However, the incidence of a second primary cancer in transplanted patients has never been studied, despite the fact that the presence of regular follow-ups and the increased survival of these patients make them a very attractive model...

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