Evelina Tacconelli

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..Identifying ARB colonization early during antibiotic therapy could target a high-risk hospitalized population that may benefit from intervention to decrease the risk of subsequent nosocomial infections...

..This review explores recent evidence on the association between antibiotics usage and resistance...

..The review highlights the clinical findings and the management of community-acquired, health-care associated and nosocomial pneumonia due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)...

..Future prospective comparative studies of infection control approaches in different epidemiological situations might be useful...

..Current studies are analysing risk-factors for harbouring multiresistant Gram-negative bacteria at hospital admission...

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..02). Our data suggest that use of vancomycin as prophylactic agent for cerebrospinal shunt placement reduces the rate of shunt infections in the context of high prevalence of MRSA...

..A systematic review was performed to determine whether antibiotic exposure is a risk factor for the isolation of MRSA...

..The review summarises evidence on present therapeutic options for the treatment of S. aureus BSI...

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..Based on these studies, definitive recommendations cannot be made...

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..Mortality rates were 25% among case patients and 18% among control patients, and they were significantly higher among patients who presented with concomitant pneumonia and a high Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III score...

..The existing evidence does not support the wide application of rapid molecular screening for MRSA...

..The participation of a such significant number of scientists presented a unique opportunity for discussion on several clinical and research topics...

..Interestingly, older age did not seem to significantly affect the long-term virological outcome of HAART treated subjects...

..To define the incidence, risk factors and short-term predictors of mortality of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia in HIV-infected patients...

..While further demonstrating that HIV-PI inhibit Sap expressions, our results do not support the view that the mentioned inhibition could eliminate Candida or its selection of the oral cavity...

..New randomised clinical trials are needed to study the efficacy of clinical scores in reducing BSI-associated morbidity and mortality...

..To optimize antibiotic use in the ICU and to fight against the spread of resistance, it is extremely important to adopt a multifaceted approach including ASP...

..Our findings demonstrate that most cases of HIV-associated OPC observed in the HAART era are caused by azole-susceptible strains. The reversion of an isolate from azole resistant to azole susceptible is related to strain replacement...

..The reported limited experience underlines the risk of occurrence of a tigecycline MIC increase under treatment pressure...

..These results indicate that MAC infections, although considerably less frequent in the HAART era, are still responsible for cases of severe disease...

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..Despite the use of HAART, this disease still represents a severe complication of advanced stage of AIDS...

..01); 2) low number of circulating CD4+ cells (P = 0.04); 3) high APACHE III score (P = 0. 04). Doctors responsible for AIDS patients should carefully consider the relative risks and benefits of CVC insertion in an individual patient...

..Thus, cidofovir-associated uveitis seems to occur more frequently in AIDS patients with retinitis in whom highly active antiretroviral therapy fails to restore immunity...

..This study establishes that a significant reduction in bacterial infection incidence occurred in HIV-infected subjects when HAART became the standard therapy for HIV infection...

..Although the incidence of nosocomial bacterial pneumonia, as well of other opportunistic infections, decreased considerably in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy, it still represents an important cause of mortality...

..9 to euro163.9 million associated costs. Discrepancies are mainly explained by the heterogeneous quality of epidemiological studies, as well as the variety of national clinical practices...

..The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and the associated risk factors for SSI in HIV-infected patients...

..Thus, PIs exert an early, immune reconstitution-independent effect on Candida virulence in the oral cavities of HIV-positive subjects...

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..Mupirocin prophylaxis substantially reduces the rate of S. aureus infection in the dialysis population. Optimal regimens that minimize the emergence of mupirocin resistance need to be explored...

..The goal of this study was to develop a validated prediction rule for identification of patients harboring vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) at hospital admission...

..Prediction of bloodstream infection at the time of sepsis onset allows one to make appropriate and economical management decisions...

..006). CONCLUSION: Appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment is associated with a better survival and shortened duration of hospital stay in medical patients with bacterial infections...

..In the present review we discuss the advantages of using causal probabilistic models for prediction and decision support, and the various decisions that were taken in the TREAT project...

..Appropriate antibiotic treatment decreases mortality, while superfluous treatment is associated with antibiotic resistance. We built a computerized decision support system for antibiotic treatment (TREAT) targeting these outcomes...

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..Prediction of bacterial infections and their pathogens allows for early, directed investigation and treatment. We assessed the ability of TREAT, a computerized decision support system, to predict specific pathogens...