Steffen Jung

..e., the sensitization of the immune system for cell-associated antigens. DC-depleted mice fail to mount CTL responses to infection with the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes and the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii...

..In this issue of Immunity, Siddiqui et al. (2010) describe a population of colitogenic monocyte-derived DCs that propagate intestinal inflammation...

..Our results highlight the critical importance of the lpDC subset balance for robust gut homeostasis...

..We also provide direct evidence for the ability of both lung and alveolar macrophages to proliferate...

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..In this article, we review recent insight in the functions of classical DC in the mouse, focusing on our own work involving conditional and constitutive cell ablation...

..Thus, a single injection of PS antigen associated with intact BMDC is a more effective vaccine than the soluble PS alone. This model system provides a platform for studying novel aspects of PS-targeted vaccination...

..Thus, bmDCs are critical for the maintenance of recirculating B cells in the bone marrow...

..The grafted monocytes give rise to DCs in the intestinal lamina propria and lung, but not to conventional CD11chigh DCs in the spleen, which develop during homeostasis from MDPs without a monocytic intermediate...

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..Our results establish PDCs as a bona fide DC subset that initiates unique CD4(+) Th cell-dominated primary immune responses...

..Instead, monocyte survival required the full-length membrane-anchored CX3CL1, suggesting differential activities of tethered and shed CX3CL1 entities...

..Here we present methods to investigate the role of MP progenitors, such as monocytes and MPhi/DC precursors (MDPs), in the replenishment of the peripheral MP system...

..Importantly, our results may aid in understanding the limited implantation success of embryos transferred following in vitro fertilization...

..Our study identifies a previously unknown subset of α-SMA(+) activated monocytes and macrophages that maintain HSPCs and protect them from exhaustion during alarm situations...

..Here, we provide basic protocols that describe the use of this prototypic dendritic cell ablation model and highlight pitfalls and strengths of the approach...

..Our results therefore indicate an intrinsic dichotomy in the differentiation potential of the two main blood monocyte subsets...

..In particular, we will focus on emerging evidence for monocyte recirculation to the BM and discuss its potential implications in health and disease...

..Our data identify a critical role of cDCs in the control of steady-state hematopoiesis, revealing a feedback loop that links peripheral cDCs to myelogenesis through soluble growth factors, such as Flt3 ligand...

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..This study emphasizes that microglial plasticity includes their ability to give rise to neural-like cells and shows that cytokines produced by the adaptive immune system are involved in these processes...

..g., immunotherapy) for the enhancement of host antitumor immunity in the treatment of both local and disseminated disease...

..The hypothesis of the current study is that a specific population of infiltrating monocyte-derived MPhi is functionally distinct from the inflammatory resident microglia and is essential for recovery from SCI...

..Our results suggest a dual role of CD11chigh dendritic cells as unique APC and cytokine-presenting cells...

..Here, we summarize the recent progress in this field highlighting pitfalls and prospects of the approach...

..A limitation of this study is that the demonstration was achieved in a constrained setting. Other routes of drug delivery will be investigated for the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary aspergillosis...

..Collectively, our results highlight cellular dynamics in the inflamed colon and the plasticity of Ly6C(hi) monocytes, marking them as potential targets for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapy...

..Thus, the plasma protein leakage from the colonic microvasculature at the focal inflammatory patches could be quantified by MRI, providing a biomarker for assessment of disease progression...

..Resistance induced by the PS4-pulsed bone marrow-derived dendritic cell was specific for pneumococcal CPS serotypes (type 3 or type 4) and was associated with the induction of CPS-specific IgG and IgM Abs...

..Finally, we discuss potential strategies to translate the recent findings into the management of chronic inflammation in animal models of IBD...

..Most importantly, recent data suggest that monocyte subsets are also functionally distinct. Here we summarize the recent advances in our understanding of monocyte subsets and their origins, fates and functions...

..This further emphasizes the important role of CCL2 as a target for therapy of cancer diseases...

..Our results highlight the potential of this family of lipopeptides for the treatment of pulmonary invasive aspergillosis...

..Taken together, these results indicate that ECP4 has an invasive potential, which is restricted by alveolar macrophages in response to the LPS/TLR4 signalling...

..Thus, extracellular ATP regulates microglial branch dynamics in the intact brain, and its release from the damaged tissue and surrounding astrocytes mediates a rapid microglial response towards injury...

..This novel subpopulation of perforin-expressing imDCs was also detected in various lymphoid tissues in normal animals and its frequency was markedly enhanced after GM-CSF administration...

..These results show that the ATM-BID pathway serves as a critical checkpoint for coupling HSC homeostasis and the DNA-damage stress response to enable long-term regenerative capacity...

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..These data may help elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of allergic airway inflammation in humans...

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..These findings raise the potential for novel therapeutic strategies in inflammatory diseases...

..In the light of a number of recent excellent reviews on the topic, this article summarizes the current knowledge obtained from the murine system highlighting hallmark experiments and open questions...

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..These findings identify lung DCs as key proinflammatory cells that are necessary and sufficient for Th2 cell stimulation during ongoing airway inflammation...

..Our results establish Langerin-DTR mice as a unique tool to study LC function in the steady state and to explore their relative importance compared with dDC in orchestrating skin immunity and tolerance...

..Infection with Streptococcus pyogenes remains a significant health care problem. The identification of immune components required for host defenses against S. pyogenes constitutes an important area of research...

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..These results establish that pathogen sampling by DCs is a discrete, and MyD88-independent, step during the initiation of a mucosal innate immune response to bacterial infection in vivo...

..Interestingly, we found plasma blasts to express CD11c and to be diphtheria toxin-sensitive in CD11c-diphtheria toxin receptor-transgenic mice, providing a unique tool for future analysis of in vivo aspects of plasma cell biology...

..These data highlight a novel role of cDCs in the regulation of other innate immune cells and position them as major players in acute colonic inflammation...

..Thus, FcgammaRIIB can contribute to peripheral tolerance maintenance by inhibiting DC activation alone or by also limiting processing of exogenously acquired Ag...

..Thus, we show that autoreactive antibody can potently enhance the activation of effector T cells in response to cross-presented self antigen, thereby contributing to T cell-mediated autoimmunity...

..Notably, we show that the developing DT-specific antibody response is weak and not neutralizing, and thus does not impede the efficacy of DT. Our results validate the use of iDTR mice as a tool for cell ablation in vivo...

..This effect was mainly mediated by CD8+ T cells. STxB therefore appears to be a powerful carrier directly targeting DC in vivo, resulting in a strong and durable CTL response associated with tumor protection...

..This role of activated platelets in atherosclerosis is attributed to platelet P-selectin-mediated delivery of platelet-derived proinflammatory factors to monocytes/leukocytes and the vessel wall...

..Together, the data suggest a model for VEGF-programmed adult neovascularization highlighting the essential paracrine role of recruited myeloid cells and a role for SDF1 in their perivascular retention...

..Our results demonstrate that LDCs are central to spore transport immediately after infection. The rapid kinetics of pathogen transport may contribute to the clinical features of inhalational anthrax...

..Thus, CD8alpha(+) DCs appear to play an important role for efficient bacterial entry into the spleen, which is of relevance for subsequent immune responses...

..Thus, it seems that the epigenetic mechanisms that initially bring about monoallelic variable-(diversity)-joining rearrangement continue to be involved in the control of antibody diversity at later stages of B cell development...

..In allergic rhinitis (AR) CD4(+) T(H)2 lymphocytes control inflammation by secreting T(H)2 cytokines, but little is known about how these cells are activated to cause disease...

..When these monocyte-derived DCs exit skin to emigrate to LNs, they use not only CCR7 but also CCR8, which was not previously recognized to participate in migration to LNs...

..Thus, macrophages and DCs appear to renew from a common progenitor, providing a cellular and molecular basis for the concept of the MPS...

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..Both YS-derived precursors followed a developmental pathway common to adult Mphi and could be qualified as definitive...

..Augmenting CX3CR1 signaling may protect against microglial neurotoxicity, whereas CNS penetration by pharmaceutical CX3CR1 antagonists could increase neuronal vulnerability...

..These results are the first to define a chemokine that governs NK cell migration to the CNS, and the findings suggest novel therapeutic manipulation of CX3CR1+ NK cells...

..These findings suggest that alum adjuvant is immunogenic by exploiting "nature's adjuvant," the inflammatory DC through induction of the endogenous danger signal uric acid...

..These findings demonstrate that some of the abundant DC recruited in UTI contributed innate immune effector functions, which were, however, dispensable in the microenvironment of the bladder...

..Thus, CX3CR1-dependent processes, which control host interactions of specialized DCs with commensal and pathogenic bacteria, may regulate immunological tolerance and inflammation...

..The newly formed oligodendrocytes were spatially associated with MG expressing MHC class II proteins and IGF-I. These results point to what we believe to be a novel role for MG in oligodendrogenesis from the endogenous stem cell pool...