Neora Yaal-Hahoshen

..This is followed by discussion of open questions that need to be addressed in future research, and of the potential therapeutic implications of the findings that are available to date in this field...

..The review concludes by discussing the implications of such networks on disease course, and on the future design of therapeutic measures in cancer...

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..Together, these different chemokine functions establish a net of interactions between the tumor cells and their microenvironment, and partly dictate the fate of the malignancy cascade...

..These results led us to hypothesize that the CX3CR1-CX3CL1 axis takes part in bone-marrow metastasis of neuroblastoma...

..These observations lay the basis for future investigation of the equilibrium between CXCR1 and CXCR2 in cells expressing both receptors together, such as neutrophils, endothelial cells and tumor cells...

..Therefore, care should be taken when considering CXCL10 as a therapeutic antitumor modality for CRC treatment...

..Over 75% of postmenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer have hormone receptor-positive tumors. Endocrine therapy, with its more favorable toxicity profile than chemotherapy, is the preferred treatment modality for these patients...

..The concomitant expression of CXCR3 and CXCL10 in breast tumor cells suggests that a CXCR3-CXCL10 axis may function in these cells, and paves the way for an in depth analysis of CXCL10-CXCR3 interactions in breast tumor cells...

..In this study, we wished to determine whether there are associations between these factors along stages of breast cancer progression, and to identify the possible implications of these factors to disease course...

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..This over-phosphorylation of FAK was induced by IL-8 only when the receptor transmitting the chemokine signals was CXCR2 and not CXCR1, indicating that the two IL-8 receptors diverge in their signaling properties...

..In all, CXCR1 and CXCR2 internalization and recycling are tightly regulated by receptor domains and by actin-related kinases...

..The independent activities of EGF and estrogen on CXCL8 transcription reinforce the need to introduce simultaneous targeting of ErbBs and ERα to achieve effective therapy in breast cancer...

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..These observations support a major tumor-promoting role for co-expression of the chemokines in breast malignancy, and agree with the significant association of joint RANTES and MCP-1 expression with advanced stages of breast cancer...

..To correlate p53 and ErbB receptors status with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in locally advanced breast cancer...

..Furthermore, these results provide evidence for the possible involvement of endogenous retrovirus in human breast carcinoma...

..In the breast malignancy context, the guidelines presented herein should enable researchers in the field to establish essential means for determination of chemokine roles in this disease...

..We hypothesize that these differences are due to an autocrine SDF-1alpha-CXCR4 axis...

..The overall findings suggest that chemokines stand at the crossroads of tumor-CAF interactions that lead to increased malignancy in many cancer diseases...

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..These findings provide evidence for a complex set of pro-malignancy factors that may control the expression of angiogenic mediators at breast tumor sites...

..Overall, we show that cross-talk between two GPCR is manifested by impairment of their intracellular trafficking, primarily of ligand-induced down-regulation, via carboxyl terminus phosphorylation sites...

..The authors review the relevant literature on this subject and describe what they believe to be the first report of long-term survival of such a patient...

..The imaging parameters that mandate further diagnostic workup in focal asymmetric breast densities are not clearly defined...

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..Clinical responses were not influenced by the initial tumour volume, and the only statistically significant predictor of pCR was the estrogen receptor status of the tumour...

..More exacting techniques of imaging combined with the classical methods are required...

..Our results also suggest that the expression of such factors is determined by several nonmutually exclusive regulatory mechanisms...

..The above results call for large-scale studies by numerous research groups to determine the prognostic value of RANTES expression...

..Thus, distinct conformational changes induced by a given CXCR3 ligand trigger different downstream effectors of adhesion, motility, and CXCR3 desensitization...

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